Umlobi: Robert Simon
Usuku Lokudalwa: 18 Ujuni 2021
Ukuvuselela Usuku: 1 Ufebhuwari 2025
Anonim
I-Eplerenone, Ithebhulethi Yomlomo - Impilo
I-Eplerenone, Ithebhulethi Yomlomo - Impilo

-Delile

Okuvelele kwe-eplerenone

  1. Ithebhulethi yomlomo ye-Eplerenone iyatholakala njengesidakamizwa esijwayelekile kanye nomuthi onegama lomkhiqizo. Igama lomkhiqizo: Inspra.
  2. I-Eplerenone iza kuphela njengethebhulethi oyiphuza ngomlomo.
  3. I-Eplerenone tablet tablet isetshenziselwa ukwelapha umfutho wegazi ophezulu (umfutho wegazi ophakeme), kanye nokwehluleka kwenhliziyo ngemuva kokuhlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo.

Izexwayiso ezibalulekile

  • Isexwayiso se-potassium ephezulu: Lesi sidakamizwa singakhuphula amazinga e-potassium egazini lakho. Udokotela wakho uzohlola amazinga akho e-potassium ngenkathi uthatha i-eplerenone. Akufanele uthathe lesi sidakamizwa uma:
    • unezinga eliphakeme le-potassium
    • thatha umuthi womfutho wegazi othinta izinga lakho le-potassium
    • thatha izithako ze-potassium
    • ukungasebenzi kahle kwezinso

Yini i-eplerenone?

I-Eplerenone ngumuthi kadokotela. Kuza njengethebhulethi yomlomo.

Ithebhulethi yomlomo ye-Eplerenone iyatholakala njengesidakamizwa esibizwa ngomkhiqizo i-Inspra. Iphinde itholakale njengomuthi ojwayelekile. Imithi ejwayelekile ijwayele ukubiza imali encane kunohlobo lwamagama. Kwezinye izimo, kungenzeka zingatholakali ngawo wonke amandla noma ifomu njengesidakamizwa esinegama lomkhiqizo.


I-Eplerenone ingathathwa njengengxenye yokwelashwa okuhlanganisiwe. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ungadinga ukuyithatha neminye imithi.

Kungani kusetshenziswa

I-Eplerenone isetshenziselwa ukwelapha umfutho wegazi ophakeme. Imithi eyehlisa umfutho wegazi inciphisa amathuba okuba nesifo sohlangothi noma isifo senhliziyo.

I-Eplerenone nayo isetshenziselwa ukwelapha ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo ngemuva kokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo.

Isebenza kanjani

I-Eplerenone ingeyesigaba semithi esibizwa ngama-aldosterone antagonists. Isigaba semithi siyiqembu lemithi esebenza ngendlela efanayo. Le mithi ivame ukusetshenziselwa ukwelapha izimo ezifanayo.

I-Eplerenone isebenza ngokuphazamisa umsebenzi we-steroid emzimbeni wakho obizwa nge-aldosterone. I-Aldosterone isebenza ukukhulisa inani le-sodium namanzi owagcinayo. Lokhu kukhuphuka kwe-sodium namanzi kungadala umfutho wegazi ophezulu, nawo ongadala ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo.

I-Eplerenone ivimba amandla e-aldosterone okwandisa inani le-sodium namanzi emzimbeni wakho. Ivumela amanzi amaningi ne-sodium ukuthi ishiye umzimba wakho.


Imiphumela emibi ye-Eplerenone

Ithebhulethi yomlomo ye-Eplerenone ingadala ukozela kanye neminye imiphumela emibi.

Imiphumela emibi ejwayelekile

Imiphumela emibi ejwayelekile engenzeka nge-eplerenone ifaka:

  • isiyezi
  • isifo sohudo
  • ukukhwehlela
  • izimpawu ezinjengomkhuhlane, njengomkhuhlane kanye nokuqaqamba komzimba
  • ukukhathala
  • i-gynecomastia (ukukhula kwamabele emadodeni)

Uma le miphumela imnene, ingahle ihambe zingakapheli izinsuku ezimbalwa noma amasonto ambalwa. Uma zinzima kakhulu noma zingahambi, khuluma nodokotela wakho noma usokhemisi.

Imiphumela emibi kakhulu

Shayela udokotela wakho ngokushesha uma unemiphumela emibi kakhulu. Shayela u-911 uma izimpawu zakho zizizwa zisongela impilo noma uma ucabanga ukuthi unezimo eziphuthumayo zezokwelapha. Imiphumela emibi kanye nezimpawu zayo zingafaka okulandelayo:

  • Izinkinga zezinso. Izimpawu zingafaka:
    • ukoma komzimba
    • ukukhathala
    • ukuvuvukala kwemilenze yakho
    • ukudideka
    • ukuncipha kokuchama
    • I-Hyperkalemia (amazinga aphezulu e-potassium egazini lakho. Izimpawu zingafaka:
      • ubuthakathaka bemisipha
      • ukukhathala
      • ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile
      • ukuncinza
      • isicanucanu

Ukuzikhulula: Inhloso yethu ukukunikeza imininingwane efanelekile futhi yamanje. Kodwa-ke, ngoba izidakamizwa zithinta umuntu ngamunye ngokuhlukile, asikwazi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi lolu lwazi lubandakanya yonke imiphumela emibi engaba khona. Lolu lwazi aluyithathi indawo yeseluleko sezokwelapha. Hlala uxoxa ngemiphumela emibi engaba khona nomhlinzeki wezokunakekelwa kwempilo owazi umlando wakho wezokwelapha.


I-Eplerenone ingaxhumana neminye imithi

Ithebhulethi yomlomo ye-Eplerenone ingasebenzisana neminye imithi, amavithamini, noma amakhambi okungenzeka ukuthi uthatha. Ukusebenzisana kulapho into iguqula indlela umuthi osebenza ngayo. Lokhu kungaba yingozi noma kuvimbele umuthi ukuthi usebenze kahle.

Ukusiza ukugwema ukuxhumana, udokotela wakho kufanele aphathe yonke imithi yakho ngokucophelela. Qiniseka ukuthi utshela udokotela wakho ngayo yonke imithi, amavithamini, noma amakhambi owathathayo. Ukuthola ukuthi lo muthi ungahlangana kanjani nokunye okuthathayo, khuluma nodokotela wakho noma usokhemisi.

Izibonelo zezidakamizwa ezingadala ukusebenzisana ne-eplerenone zibalwe ngezansi.

Imithi elwa namagciwane

Ukuthatha ama-antibiotic nge-eplerenone kungakhuphula amazinga e-eplerenone emzimbeni wakho. Lokhu kungadala imiphumela emibi eminingi. Izibonelo zale mithi zifaka:

  • kucofe
  • erythromycin

Isidakamizwa sokulwa nokucindezela

Ukuthatha nefazodone nge-eplerenone kungakhuphula amazinga e-eplerenone emzimbeni wakho. Lokhu kungadala imiphumela emibi eminingi.

Izidakamizwa ezibulalayo

Ukuthatha izidakamizwa zokulwa ne-eplerenone kungakhuphula amazinga e-eplerenone emzimbeni wakho. Lokhu kungadala imiphumela emibi eminingi. Izibonelo zale mithi zifaka:

  • itraconazole
  • ketoconazole
  • i-fluconazole

Izidambisigciwane

Ukuthatha i-eplerenone ngemithi ebizwa ngama-antiretrovirals kungakhuphula amazinga e-eplerenone emzimbeni wakho. Lokhu kungadala imiphumela emibi eminingi. Izibonelo zale mithi zifaka:

  • umagazine
  • i-ritonavir
  • sphiwe

Imithi yomfutho wegazi ophezulu

Ukuthatha i-eplerenone ngemithi yokwelapha umfutho wegazi ophezulu kungakhuphula ubungozi bakho bokuthola i-potassium egazini kanye nezinkinga zezinso eziphakeme. Izibonelo zale mithi zifaka:

  • ama-angiotensin receptor blockers, anjenge:
    • sbongile
    • eprosartan
    • busisiwe
    • losartan
    • lindokuhle
    • telzinhle
    • valsartan
    • umabhebhana
    • ama-angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, njenge:
      • umabhebhana
      • bongiwe
      • indilaphril
      • fosinopril
      • lisinopril
      • umagazine
      • perindopril
      • quinapril
      • sbucwa
      • ebandla

Isidakamizwa sokuqinisa isimo

Ukuthatha lithium nge-eplerenone kungakhuphula imiphumela yale mithi. Lokhu kungadala imiphumela emibi eminingi.

Izidakamizwa zobuhlungu

Izidakamizwa ezithile zobuhlungu ezibizwa ngokuthi ama-nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory (NSAIDs) kanye ne-COX-2 inhibitors zingathinta ukwehla kwengcindezi yegazi futhi zikhuphule amazinga e-potassium lapho zithathwa nge-eplerenone. Izibonelo zale mithi zifaka:

  • i-celecoxib, i-COX-2 inhibitor
  • Ama-NSAID afana nalokhu:
    • lindokuhle
    • ibuprofen
    • indomethacin
    • ketoprofen
    • ketorolac
    • meloxicam
    • nabumetone
    • umabhebhana
    • pyoxicam
    • ibuprofen
    • umabhebhana

Ama-diuretics asindisa i-Potassium

Imithi ebizwa nge-potassium-sparing diuretics ingakhuphula amazinga e-potassium emzimbeni wakho lapho ithathwa nge-eplerenone. Izibonelo zale mithi zifaka:

  • spironolactone
  • amiloride
  • unqobile

Izithako ze-potassium

Izithako ze-potassium zingakhuphula i-potassium emzimbeni wakho lapho zithathwa nge-eplerenone.

Ukuzikhulula: Inhloso yethu ukukunikeza imininingwane efanelekile futhi yamanje. Kodwa-ke, ngoba izidakamizwa zisebenzisana ngokwehlukile kumuntu ngamunye, asikwazi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi lolu lwazi lubandakanya konke ukuxhumana okungenzeka. Lolu lwazi aluyithathi indawo yeseluleko sezokwelapha. Hlala ukhuluma nomhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwempilo mayelana nokuhlangana okungenzeka ngayo yonke imishanguzo kadokotela, amavithamini, amakhambi nezithako, kanye nemithi oyithenga uphuza yona.

Izexwayiso ze-Eplerenone

Lesi sidakamizwa siza nezixwayiso eziningana.

Isexwayiso somzimba

I-Eplerenone ingadala ukusabela okweqile komzimba. Izimpawu zifaka:

  • inkinga yokuphefumula
  • ukuvuvukala komphimbo wakho noma ulimi
  • isifuba

Uma uthuthukisa lezi zimpawu, shayela ku-911 noma uye egumbini lezimo eziphuthumayo eliseduze.

Ungaphinde uwuthathe lo muthi uma ngabe uke waba nokungezwani komzimba nawo. Ukuyithatha futhi kungaba yingozi (kungadala ukufa).

Isexwayiso sokusebenzisana kokudla

Ukudla izithelo zomvini noma ukuphuza ijusi lamagilebhisi kungakhuphula inani le-eplerenone emzimbeni wakho. Gwema ukudla imikhiqizo yamagilebhisi ngenkathi uthatha lo muthi.

Izexwayiso zabantu abanezimo ezithile zempilo

Kubantu abanezinkinga zezinso: Ungaba nengozi eyengeziwe yamazinga aphezulu e-potassium egazini lakho. Udokotela wakho uzoqapha izinso zakho namazinga e-potassium ukuze aqiniseke ukuthi kulungile ngawe ukuqhubeka uthatha i-eplerenone.

Kubantu abanesifo sikashukela: Akufanele usebenzise i-eplerenone uma unesifo sikashukela futhi unamaprotheni emchameni wakho. Ukwenza kanjalo kuzokubeka engcupheni enkulu yokuthola i-hyperkalemia (amazinga aphezulu e-potassium). Izimpawu ze-hyperkalemia zifaka:

  • ubuthakathaka bemisipha
  • ukukhathala
  • ukuncinza
  • isicanucanu

Kubantu abane-high blood pressure: Uma une-high blood pressure, akufanele uthathe lo muthi uma unezinye izimo ezithile. Tshela udokotela wakho uma unezinkinga zezinso, isifo sikashukela kanye namaprotheni emchameni wakho, noma uma uthatha izithako ze-potassium.

Izexwayiso kwamanye amaqembu

Kwabesifazane abakhulelwe: Ukucwaninga ngezilwane akubonisanga ubungozi embungwini lapho umama ethatha umuthi. Kodwa-ke, izifundo zezilwane azihlali zibikezela indlela abantu abazophendula ngayo. Futhi, akuzange kube nezifundo ezanele ezenziwe kubantu ukukhombisa ukuthi ngabe umuthi ungaba yingozi yini embungwini womuntu.

Lesi sidakamizwa kufanele sisetshenziswe kuphela ekukhulelweni uma kudingeka ngokusobala. Khuluma nodokotela wakho uma ukhulelwe noma uhlela ukukhulelwa.

Kwabesifazane abancelisayo: Akwaziwa ukuthi i-eplerenone idlulela ebisini lwebele. Uma kunjalo, kungadala imiphumela emibi enganeni enceliswa ibele. Wena nodokotela wakho kungadingeka ukuthi ninqume ukuthi uzothatha i-eplerenone noma ukuncelisa ibele.

Okwabadala: Abantu abadala bangase bacubungule izidakamizwa kancane. Umthamo ojwayelekile wabantu abadala ungadala ukuthi amazinga alo muthi abe phezulu kunokujwayelekile emzimbeni wakho. Uma ungumdala, ungadinga umthamo ophansi noma ishejuli ehlukile yomthamo.

Okwezingane: I-Eplerenone ayikaze ifundwe njengokwelashwa kokuhluleka kwenhliziyo kubantu abangaphansi kweminyaka eyi-18. Ngomfutho wegazi ophakeme, i-eplerenone itholakale ingasebenzi ezinganeni.

Ungayithatha kanjani i-eplerenone

Lolu lwazi lokulinganisa olwenzelwe ithebhulethi yomlomo ye-eplerenone. Yonke imithamo namafomu okungenzeka angafakwa lapha. Umthamo wakho, ifomu, nokuthi ulithatha kangaki kuzoya ngokuthi:

  • iminyaka yakho
  • isimo esilashwa
  • ubunzima besimo sakho
  • ezinye izimo zezokwelapha onazo
  • ukuthi usabela kanjani esilinganisweni sokuqala

Amafomu wezidakamizwa namandla

Okujwayelekile: I-Eplerenone

  • Ifomu: ithebhulethi yomlomo
  • Amandla: 25 mg, 50 mg

Umkhiqizo: Inspra

  • Ifomu: ithebhulethi yomlomo
  • Amandla: 25 mg, 50 mg

Isikali somfutho wegazi ophakeme

Isilinganiso sabantu abadala (abaneminyaka engu-18 kuye kwengu-64)

  • Isilinganiso sokuqala sokuqala: U-50 mg uthathwe kanye ngosuku.
  • Isikali siyanda: Uma kudingeka, udokotela wakho angakhuphula isilinganiso sakho sibe ngama-50 mg athathwe kabili ngosuku.

Isilinganiso sengane (iminyaka yobudala engu-0-17)

Azikho izincomo ezithile zokulandelwa kwabantu abangaphansi kweminyaka eyi-18.

Umthamo omkhulu (oneminyaka engama-65 nangaphezulu)

Abantu abadala bangase bacubungule izidakamizwa kancane. Umthamo ojwayelekile wabantu abadala ungadala ukuthi amazinga alo muthi abe phezulu kunokujwayelekile emzimbeni wakho. Uma ungumdala, ungadinga umthamo ophansi noma ishejuli ehlukile yomthamo.

Isilinganiso sokuhluleka kwenhliziyo ngemuva kokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo

Isikali sabadala (iminyaka eyi-18-64 iminyaka)

  • Isilinganiso sokuqala sokuqala: 25 mg ithathwa kanye ngosuku.
  • Isikali siyanda: Uma kudingeka, udokotela wakho angakhuphula isilinganiso sakho sibe ngama-50 mg athathwe kanye ngosuku.

Isilinganiso sengane (iminyaka yobudala engu-0-17)

I-Eplerenone ayikaze ifundwe ezinganeni ezinenkinga yenhliziyo futhi akufanele isetshenziswe kubantu abangaphansi kweminyaka engu-18.

Umthamo omkhulu (oneminyaka engama-65 nangaphezulu)

Abantu abadala bangase bacubungule izidakamizwa kancane. Umthamo wabantu abadala ojwayelekile ungadala ukuthi amazinga alo muthi abe phezulu kunokujwayelekile emzimbeni wakho. Uma ungumdala, ungadinga umthamo ophansi noma uhlelo oluhlukile.

Ukucatshangelwa okukhethekile komthamo

Kubantu abanezinkinga zezinso: Udokotela wakho angamisa ukwelashwa kwakho nge-eplerenone uma umsebenzi wakho wezinso ungalungile. Futhi, ukusetshenziswa kwalesi sidakamizwa kungandisa ingozi yokuba ne-potassium eningi egazini lakho.

Ukuzikhulula: Inhloso yethu ukukunikeza imininingwane efanelekile futhi yamanje. Kodwa-ke, ngoba izidakamizwa zithinta umuntu ngamunye ngokuhlukile, asikwazi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi lolu hlu lubandakanya yonke imithamo engenzeka. Lolu lwazi aluyithathi indawo yeseluleko sezokwelapha. Hlala ukhuluma nodokotela wakho noma usokhemisi ngemithamo ekufanele.

Thatha njengoba kuqondisiwe

I-Eplerenone isetshenziselwa ukwelashwa isikhathi eside. Kuza nezingozi ezinkulu uma ungayithathi njengokuyalelwe.

Uma uyeka ukuthatha lo muthi noma ungawuthathi nhlobo: Uma ungawuthathi nhlobo umuthi, umfutho wegazi lakho uzohlala uphakeme. Lokhu kuzokwandisa ingozi yokuba nesifo sohlangothi noma isifo senhliziyo.

Uma uyeka ngokungazelelwe umuthi, umfutho wegazi lakho ungakhuphuka (ukwanda ngokuzumayo). Lokhu kungakhuphula ingozi yokuhlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo noma isifo sohlangothi. Ungayeki ukuthatha i-eplerenone ngaphandle kokukhuluma nodokotela wakho.

Uma uphuthelwa imithamo noma ungayithathi ngesikhathi: Ungahle ungabi nokulawula okuhle kwengcindezi yegazi. Lokhu kungandisa ingozi yokuhlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo noma isifo sohlangothi.

Uma uthatha kakhulu:Uma uthatha kakhulu: Ungaba namazinga ayingozi omuthi emzimbeni wakho. Ukuthatha kakhulu i-eplerenone kungaholela ekucindezelekeni kwegazi okuphansi. Kungadala futhi amazinga aphezulu we-potassium egazi, anezimpawu ezibandakanya:

  • ubuthakathaka bemisipha
  • ukukhathala
  • ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile
  • ukuncinza
  • isicanucanu

Uma ucabanga ukuthi uthathe kakhulu lo muthi, shayela udokotela wakho noma funa ukuholwa yi-American Association of Poison Control Centers ku-1-800-222-1222 noma ngethuluzi labo eliku-inthanethi. Kepha uma izimpawu zakho zinzima, shayela ku-911 noma uye egumbini lezimo eziphuthumayo eliseduze ngokushesha.

Okufanele ukwenze uma uphuthelwa umthamo: Uma ukhohlwa ukuthatha umthamo wakho, wuthathe ngokushesha lapho ukhumbula. Uma kungamahora ambalwa kuphela kuze kufike isikhathi sethamo lakho elilandelayo, linda futhi uthathe kuphela umthamo owodwa ngaleso sikhathi.

Ungalokothi uzame ukuthola ngokuthatha amanani amabili ngasikhathi sinye. Lokhu kungadala imiphumela emibi eyingozi.

Ungasho kanjani ukuthi umuthi uyasebenza: Uzokwazi ukuthi i-eplerenone iyasebenza yini uma uhlola umfutho wegazi lakho ekhaya. Uma umfutho wegazi lakho ungaphansi noma ngaphansi kwenhloso udokotela akubekele yona, umuthi uyasebenza.

Ukucatshangelwa okubalulekile kokuthatha i-eplerenone

Gcina lokhu kubheka engqondweni uma udokotela wakho ekunika i-eplerenone.

Jikelele

  • I-Eplerenone ingathathwa nokudla noma ngaphandle kokudla.
  • Ungasika noma uqede ithebhulethi.

Isitoreji

  • Gcina i-eplerenone ekamelweni lokushisa eliphakathi kuka-68 ° F no-77 ° F (20 ° C no-25 ° C).
  • Ungafaki i-eplerenone.
  • Gcina lesi sidakamizwa kude nokukhanya.
  • Ungawugcini lo muthi ezindaweni ezinomswakama noma ezinomswakama, njengezindlu zangasese.

Ukugcwalisa kabusha

Imibhalo kadokotela yalomuthi iyagcwaliseka. Akudingeki ukuthi unikezwe umuthi omusha kadokotela ukuze ugcwaliswe futhi lo muthi. Udokotela wakho uzobhala inani lama-refill eligunyazwe kudokotela wakho.

Ukuvakasha

Lapho uhamba nemithi yakho:

  • Ngaso sonke isikhathi phatha imithi yakho. Lapho undiza, ungalokothi uwufake esikhwameni esihloliwe. Yigcine esikhwameni sakho sokuthwala.
  • Ungakhathazeki ngemishini ye-X-ray yesikhumulo sezindiza. Abakwazi ukulimaza umuthi wakho.
  • Ungadinga ukukhombisa abasebenzi bezindiza ilebula lekhemisi lemithi yakho. Ngaso sonke isikhathi phatha isitsha sokuqala esinelebula kadokotela.
  • Ungafaki lo muthi egumbini legilavu ​​lemoto yakho noma uwushiye emotweni. Qinisekisa ukugwema ukwenza lokhu lapho isimo sezulu sishisa kakhulu noma sibanda kakhulu.

Ukuzilawula

Ungadinga ukuhlola umfutho wegazi lakho ekhaya. Uma kunjalo, kufanele ugcine ilogi nosuku, isikhathi sosuku, kanye nokufundwa kwengcindezi yegazi lakho. Letha leli log uze nezikhathi zakho zodokotela.

Uma udokotela wakho ekucela ukuthi uhlole umfutho wegazi lakho ekhaya, uzodinga ukuthenga umshini wokuhlola umfutho wegazi.

Ukuqapha komtholampilo

Ngesikhathi sokwelashwa nge-eplerenone, udokotela wakho angadinga ukubheka okulandelayo ukuze abone ukuthi umuthi uyasebenza yini noma uphephile yini kuwe ukuthi uqhubeke uthatha:

  • ukushaya kwegazi
  • ukusebenza kwesibindi
  • ukusebenza kwezinso
  • i-potassium yegazi

Izindleko ezifihliwe

Uma udokotela wakho ekucela ukuthi uhlole umfutho wegazi lakho ekhaya, uzodinga ukuqapha umfutho wegazi. Lezi zitholakala emakhemisi amaningi.

Ngaphambi kokugunyazwa

Izinkampani eziningi zomshuwalense zidinga ukugunyazwa kwangaphambili kwalomuthi. Lokhu kusho ukuthi udokotela wakho uzodinga ukuthola imvume enkampanini yakho yomshuwalense ngaphambi kokuba inkampani yakho yomshuwalense ikhokhele incwadi kadokotela.

Ingabe zikhona ezinye izindlela?

Kuneminye imithi etholakalayo yokwelapha isimo sakho. Ezinye zingakulungela kangcono kunabanye. Khuluma nodokotela wakho ngezinye izinketho zezidakamizwa ezingakusebenzela.

Ukuzikhulula: I-Healthline yenze yonke imizamo yokuqinisekisa ukuthi lonke ulwazi luyiqiniso, luphelele futhi lusesikhathini. Kodwa-ke, le ndatshana akufanele isetshenziswe njengokungena esikhundleni solwazi nobungoti bochwepheshe bezokunakekelwa kwezempilo onelayisense. Kufanele uhlale uthintana nodokotela wakho noma omunye uchwepheshe wezokunakekelwa kwempilo ngaphambi kokuthatha noma imuphi umuthi. Imininingwane yezidakamizwa equkethwe lapha ingashintsha futhi ayihloselwe ukumboza konke ukusetshenziswa okungaba khona, izinkomba, izixwayiso, izexwayiso, ukuxhumana kwezidakamizwa, ukungezwani komzimba, noma imiphumela emibi. Ukungabikho kwezixwayiso noma olunye ulwazi lomuthi othile awukhombisi ukuthi inhlanganisela yezidakamizwa noma yezidakamizwa iphephile, iyasebenza, noma ilungele zonke iziguli noma konke ukusetshenziswa okuthile.

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