ISchistosomiasis: kuyini, izimpawu, umjikelezo wempilo kanye nokwelashwa

-Delile

• Izimpawu nezimpawu eziyinhloko
• Ungakuqinisekisa kanjani ukuxilongwa
• Umjikelezo wempilo weSchistosomiasis
• Yelashwa kanjani
• Ngabe iSchistosomiasis inekhambi?
• Ungakugwema kanjani ukungcoliswa

ISchistosomiasis, edume kakhulu nge-schistosis, isifo esisuka emanzini noma isifo seminenke, yisifo esithathelwanayo esibangelwa amagciwane Schistosoma mansoni, engatholakala emanzini emifula nasemachibini futhi engangena esikhunjeni, idale ububomvu nokunwaya kwesikhumba, ubuthakathaka nobuhlungu bemisipha, isibonelo.

ISchistosomiasis ivame kakhulu ezindaweni ezishisayo lapho kungekho khona ukuthuthwa kwendle okuyisisekelo nalapho kunenqwaba yeminenke khona, ngoba lezi zilwane zibhekwa njengabaphathi bezinambuzaneISchistosoma, okusho ukuthi, lesi sinambuzane sidinga ukuchitha isikhathi kumnenke ukuze sikhule futhi sifinyelele esigabeni lapho sikwazi ukuthelela abantu.

Bona okuningi nge-schistosomiasis nezinye izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane:

Izimpawu nezimpawu eziyinhloko

Ezimweni eziningi, i-schistosomiasis ayitholakali, kodwa umuntu otheleleke nge-parasite angaba nezimpawu nezimpawu zokuqala eziveza isigaba sokuqala sesifo, esibizwa nangokuthi isigaba esibucayi:

• Ububomvu nokunwaya lapho kungene khona amagciwane;
• Imfiva;
• Ubuthakathaka;
• Khwehlela;
• Ubuhlungu bemisipha;
• Ukuntula ukudla;
• Uhudo noma ukuqunjelwa;
• Isicanucanu nokuhlanza;
• Amakhaza.

Njengoba i-parasite ikhula emzimbeni futhi idlulela ekusakazeni kwesibindi, kungavela ezinye izimpawu nezimpawu ezibucayi, ezichaza isigaba sesibili sesifo, esibizwa nangokuthi isigaba esingalapheki:

• Ubukhona begazi esitokisini;
• Amajaqamba;
• Ubuhlungu besisu;
• Isiyezi,
• Ukuncipha;
• Ukuvuvukala kwesisu, okubizwa nangokuthi umgoqo wamanzi;
• Ukushaya kancane;
• Ukuqina nokukhulisa isibindi;
• Ubende obukhulisiwe.

Ukugwema ukuqala kwezimpawu ezinzima kakhulu ze-schistosomiasis, kubalulekile ukuthi ukuxilongwa kwenziwe, okungcono, kusesigabeni esibi sesifo.

Ungakuqinisekisa kanjani ukuxilongwa

Ukuxilongwa kwenziwa ngokuhlola indle yezinsuku ezi-3, okukhona kuyo amaqanda Schistosoma mansoni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungacelwa ukubalwa okuphelele kwegazi nokulinganiswa kwama-enzyme esibindi, njenge-ALT ne-AST, okuvame ukuguqulwa, ngaphezu kokuhlolwa kwe-imaging, njenge-ultrasound yesisu, ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukwanda nokusebenza kwesibindi nobende.

Umjikelezo wempilo weSchistosomiasis

Ukutheleleka nge Schistosoma mansoni kwenzeka ngokuthintana namanzi angcolile, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni lapho kuneminenke emikhulu khona. Ngakho-ke, abalimi, abadobi, abesifazane nezingane basengozini enkulu yokuba nalesi sifo ngemuva kokudoba, ukuwasha izingubo noma ukugeza emanzini angcolile.

Umjikelezo wempilo we-schistosomiasis uyinkimbinkimbi futhi kwenzeka kanjena:

1. Amaqanda avela Schistosoma mansoni badedelwa endle yabantu abanegciwane;
2. Lapho amaqanda efika emanzini, aqanduselwa ngenxa yethempelesha ephezulu, ukukhanya okukhulu kanye nenani lomoya-mpilo emanzini, bese ekhipha isimangaliso, okungenye yezindlela zokuqala Schistosoma mansoni;
3. Izimangaliso ezikhona emanzini zikhangwa iminenke ngenxa yezinto ezikhishwe yilezi zilwane;
4. Lapho ifika kuminenke, i-miracleidia ilahlekelwa ezinye zezakhiwo zayo futhi ikhule ize ifike esigabeni se-cercaria, iphinde ikhishwe emanzini;
5. Ama-cercariae akhishwa emanzini akwazi ukungena esikhunjeni sabantu;
6. Ngesikhathi sokungena, ama-cercariae alahlekelwa imisila yawo abe yi-schistosomules, efinyelela egazini;
7. AmaSchistosomules athuthela ekusakazeni kwesibindi, lapho ekhula khona aze abe mdala;
8. Izikelemu ezindala, ezeduna nezinsikazi, ziyahamba ziye emathunjini, lapho amaqanda abekwa khona ngabesifazane;
9. Amaqanda athatha cishe isonto elilodwa ukuthi avuthwe;
10. Iqanda elivuthiwe bese likhishelwa endle bese kuthi lapho lihlangana namanzi, lichamusele, kube nomjikelezo omusha.

Ngakho-ke, ezindaweni lapho kungekho khona ukuthuthwa kwendle okuyisisekelo, kujwayelekile ukuthi abantu abaningana emphakathini owodwa bangcoliswe i-schistosomiasis, ikakhulukazi uma kuneminenke emikhulu esifundeni, njengoba lesi silwane sinendima ebalulekile empilweni yegciwane umjikelezo. Ukwephula lo mjikelezo nokuvimbela abanye abantu ukuthi bangangcoliseki, umuntu kufanele agweme ukuxhumana namanzi angcolile futhi aqede iminenke eyeqile.

Yelashwa kanjani

Ukwelashwa kuvame ukwenziwa ngamakhambi antiparasite afana nePraziquantel noma i-Oxamniquina izinsuku ezi-1 noma ezi-2, ezibulala ziphinde ziqede lesi sifo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, udokotela angancoma ukusetshenziswa kwamafutha e-corticoid ukukhulula isikhumba esilumayo, futhi kunconywa nokuphumula, ukugcina i-hydration enhle, nokuphuza amanzi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungakhonjiswa nokunciphisa izinhlungu, ukwehlisa umkhuhlane kanye ne-colic.

Kubantu abathuthukisa isigaba esingalapheki se-schistosomiasis, i-beta-blockers nezidakamizwa kungasetshenziswa ukulawula isifo sohudo, ngaphezu kwe-sclerotherapy yemithambo ye-varicose ye-esophagus.

Ngabe iSchistosomiasis inekhambi?

I-Schistosomiasis iyelapheka lapho kutholakala ukuxilongwa ekuqaleni kwesigaba sokuqala sesifo futhi ukwelashwa kuqalwa ngokushesha okukhulu, ngoba ngale ndlela kungenzeka ukuqeda lesi sifo futhi kuvimbele ukuvela kwezinkinga, njengesibindi esandisiwe kanye nobende, i-anemia kanye nokubambezeleka ekukhuleni kwengane, isibonelo. Ngakho-ke, uma kwenzeka kusolwa ukuthi umuntu unezikelemu, umuthi kufanele uqalwe ngokushesha okukhulu.

Ukuthola ukuthi ngabe umuntu uselaphile ngempela yini, udokotela angacela ukuthi kuhlolwe indle entsha ngesonto lesi-6 nele-12 ngemuva kokuqala ukwelashwa. Kwezinye izimo, ukugwema ukungabaza, udokotela ucela i-rectal biopsy izinyanga eziyisithupha ngemuva kokuqala kokwelashwa.

Kodwa-ke, noma ngabe ikhambi le-schistosomiasis liqinisekisiwe, lo muntu akatholi ukuzivikela, futhi angatheleleka futhi nge-parasite uma ihlangana namanzi angcolile.

Ungakugwema kanjani ukungcoliswa

Ukuvinjelwa kwe-schistosomiasis kungenziwa ngezinyathelo eziyisisekelo zokuhlanzeka njenge:

• Gwema ukuthintana nemvula namanzi ezikhukhula;
• Ungahambi ungafake zicathulo emgwaqweni, emhlabathini noma emifudlaneni yamanzi ahlanzekile;
• Phuza kuphela amanzi okuphuza, ahlungiwe noma abilisiwe.

Lezi zixwayiso kufanele zenziwe ikakhulukazi ezindaweni lapho kungekho khona ukuthuthwa kwendle okwanele futhi indle isebenza obala.