Ungayibona kanjani i-mitral stenosis kanye nokwelashwa

-Delile

• Izimpawu ze-mitral stenosis
• Izimbangela eziyinhloko
• Ukuxilongwa kwenziwa kanjani
• Indlela yokwelapha
• Izinkinga ezingenzeka

IMitral stenosis ifana nokuqina kanye nokubalwa kwe-mitral valve, okuholele ekunciphiseni kokuvuleka okuvumela igazi ukuthi lidlule lisuke e-atrium liye ku-ventricle. I-mitral valve, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-bicuspid valve, isakhiwo senhliziyo esihlukanisa i-atrium yesobunxele ne-ventricle engakwesokunxele.

Ngokwesilinganiso sokuqina futhi, ngenxa yalokho, ubukhulu be-orifice yokuhamba kwegazi, i-mitral stenosis ingahlukaniswa ibe:

• I-mitral stenosis emnene, okuvula kwayo ukudlula kwegazi kusuka e-atrium kuya ku-ventricle kuphakathi kuka-1.5 no-4 cm;
• I-mitral stenosis ephakathi, okuvula kwayo kuphakathi kuka-1 no-1.5 cm;
• I-mitral stenosis enamandla, okuvula kwayo kungaphansi kwe-1 cm.

Izimpawu zivame ukuqala ukuvela lapho i-stenosis iphakathi noma inzima, njengoba ukudlula kwegazi kuqala ukuba nzima, okuholela ekuphefumuleni, ukukhathala okulula nobuhlungu besifuba, ngokwesibonelo, okudinga ukuvakashelwa kudokotela wenhliziyo ukuze aqinisekise. Ukuxilongwa nokwelashwa kwaqala.

Izimpawu ze-mitral stenosis

I-Mitral stenosis ayivamisile ukuveza izimpawu, kepha ezinye zingakhula ngemuva kokuzikhandla ngokomzimba, njenge:

• Ukukhathala okulula;
• Ukuzizwa uphefumula kancane, ikakhulukazi ebusuku, kufanele ulale uhleli noma ulele emuva;
• Isiyezi lapho uvuka;
• Ubuhlungu besifuba;
• Umfutho wegazi ungajwayelekile noma wehle;
• Ubuso obupinki.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, umuntu angazizwa eshaywa futhi ekhwehlela igazi uma kuqhuma umthambo noma ama-capillaries amaphaphu. Yazi izimbangela ezinkulu zokukhwehlela igazi.

Izimbangela eziyinhloko

Imbangela enkulu ye-mitral stenosis yi-rheumatic fever, okuyisifo esibangelwa ikakhulu yi-bacterium iStreptococcus pneumoniae, okuthi ngaphezu kokubanga ukuvuvukala emphinjeni, ibangele ukuthi amasosha omzimba akhiqize ama-autoantibodies, okuholela ekuvukeleni kwamalunga futhi, mhlawumbe izinguquko ezakhiweni zenhliziyo. Bona ukuthi ungayibona kanjani futhi uyiphathe kanjani i-rheumatic fever.

Ngokuvamile, i-mitral stenosis iyazalwa, okungukuthi, izalwa nengane, futhi ingabonakala ekuhlolweni okwenziwe ngemuva nje kokuzalwa. Ezinye izimbangela ze-mitral stenosis eziyivelakancane kune-congenital stenosis yilezi: systemic lupus erythematosus, isifo samathambo, isifo seFabry, isifo sikaWhipple, i-amyloidosis nesimila senhliziyo.

Ukuxilongwa kwenziwa kanjani

Ukuxilongwa kwenziwa ngudokotela wenhliziyo ngokuhlaziya izimpawu ezichazwe yisiguli, ngaphezu kokusebenza kokuhlolwa okuthile, okufana nesifuba se-radiography, i-electrocardiogram kanye ne-echocardiogram. Bona ukuthi yenzelwe ini nokuthi i-echocardiogram yenziwa kanjani.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, esimweni sokuzalwa kwe-mitral stenosis, udokotela angenza ukuxilongwa kusuka enhliziyweni, lapho kuzwakala khona ukububula kwenhliziyo kwesifo. Bona ukuthi ungabona kanjani ukububula kwenhliziyo.

Indlela yokwelapha

Ukwelashwa kwe-mitral stenosis kwenziwa ngokusho kwesincomo se-cardiologist, ngemithamo yemithi ehlukile ekhonjisiwe ngokuya ngezidingo zesiguli. Ukwelashwa kuvame ukwenziwa ngokusetshenziswa kwe-beta blockers, abaphikisi be-calcium, isisu kanye nama-anticoagulants, avumela inhliziyo ukuthi isebenze kahle, iqede izimpawu futhi ivimbele izinkinga.

Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu ze-mitral stenosis, odokotela bezinhliziyo bangancoma ukuhlinzwa ukulungisa noma ukufaka i-mitral valve. Thola ukuthi okuthunyelwa ngemuva kokuhlinzwa nokululama ekuhlinzweni kwenhliziyo kunjani.

Izinkinga ezingenzeka

Njengakwi-mitral stenosis kunobunzima ekudlulisweni kwegazi kusuka e-atrium kuye ku-ventricle, i-ventricle yangakwesokunxele iyasinda futhi ihlala isayizi yayo ejwayelekile. Kodwa-ke, njengoba kunenqwaba yegazi e-atrium engakwesobunxele, lo mgodi uvame ukwanda ngosayizi, ongahlelela ukubonakala kwama-arrhythmias enhliziyo afana ne-atrial fibrillation, ngokwesibonelo. Kulezi zimo, isiguli singadinga ukusebenzisa ama-anticoagulants omlomo ukunciphisa ubungozi bokushaywa unhlangothi.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, njengoba i-atrium yangakwesobunxele ithola igazi kusuka emaphashini, uma kukhona ukuqoqwa kwegazi kwi-atrium yangakwesobunxele, iphaphu lizokuthola kunzima ukuthumela igazi elifinyelela enhliziyweni. Ngakho-ke, iphaphu ligcina liqoqe igazi eliningi futhi, ngenxa yalokho, lingagcwala, kuholele ku-edema yamaphaphu ebabayo. Funda kabanzi nge-edema pulmonary edema.