Ukuqonda Izimpawu ze-Extrapyramidal kanye Nemithi Eyizimbangela

-Delile

• Ziyini izimpawu ze-extrapyramidal?
• I-Akathisia
• I-dystonia enamandla
• I-Parkinsonism
• I-Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS)
• I-Tardive dyskinesia
• Izinhlobo ezingaphansi ze-tardive dyskinesia
• Yini ebangela izimpawu ze-extrapyramidal?
• Zitholakala kanjani izimpawu ze-extrapyramidal?
• Zelashwa kanjani izimpawu ze-extrapyramidal?
• Okubalulekile

Izimpawu ze-Extrapyramidal, ezibizwa nangokuthi iziyaluyalu zokunyakaza ezibangelwa izidakamizwa, zichaza imiphumela emibi edalwa yimithi ethile elwa nomqondo noma ezinye izidakamizwa. Le miphumela emibi ifaka phakathi:

• ukunyakaza okungazibandakanyi noma okungalawuleki
• ukuthuthumela
• ukusikwa kwemisipha

Izimpawu zingaba nzima ngokwanele ukuthinta impilo yansuku zonke ngokwenza kube nzima ukuhambahamba, ukuxhumana nabanye, noma ukunakekela imisebenzi yakho ejwayelekile emsebenzini, esikoleni, noma ekhaya.

Ukwelashwa kuvame ukusiza, kepha ezinye izimpawu zingase zibe unomphela. Ngokuvamile, lapho uthola ukwelashwa ngokushesha, kuba ngcono.

Funda ukuze ufunde kabanzi mayelana nezimpawu ze-extrapyramidal, kufaka phakathi imishanguzo engazibangela nokuthi zitholakala kanjani nokuthi ziphathwa kanjani.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-extrapyramidal?

Izimpawu zingenzeka kubo bobabili abadala nezingane futhi zingaba nzima.

Izimpawu zokuqala zingaqala ngemuva nje kokuba uqale umuthi. Zivame ukukhombisa amahora ambalwa ngemuva komthamo wakho wokuqala kepha zingavela noma kunini phakathi kwamasonto ambalwa okuqala.

Isikhathi singancika kumphumela othile wecala. Izimpawu ezibambezelekile zingenzeka ngemuva kokuthi uthathe isidakamizwa isikhathi esithile.

I-Akathisia

Nge-akathisia, ungazizwa ungenakho ukuphumula noma ukushuba futhi unesifiso esiqhubekayo sokuhamba. Ezinganeni, lokhu kungahle kubonakale njengokungakhululeki ngokomzimba, ukuphazamiseka, ukukhathazeka, noma ukucasuka okujwayelekile. Ungathola ukuthi ukuhamba kancane, ukuxhawula imilenze yakho, ukunyakazisa izinyawo zakho, noma ukuzihlikihla ubuso kusiza ekunciphiseni ukungazinzi.

Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi ingozi ye-akathisia iyanda ngemithamo ephezulu yemithi. Izimpawu ze-Akathisia nazo zihlotshaniswe nengozi ephezulu yesinye isimo esibizwa nge-tardive dyskinesia.

Noma ikuphi okuvela kubantu abathatha ama-antipsychotic kungahle kube ne-akathisia.

Eminye imithi, kufaka phakathi i-beta-blockers, ingasiza ekunciphiseni izimpawu. Ukwehlisa umthamo wemithi elwa ne-psychotic kungaholela nasekuthuthukeni.

I-dystonia enamandla

Ukusabela kukaDystonic kungukuphazamiseka kwemisipha okungazibandakanyi. Lokhu kunyakaza kuvame ukuphindaphindeka futhi kungafaka ukuphazamiseka kwamehlo noma ukucwayiza, ikhanda elisontekile, ukuphuma kolimi, nentamo ende, phakathi kwabanye.

Ukuhamba kungahle kube kufushane kakhulu, kepha kungathinta nokuma kwakho noma kuqinise imisipha yakho isikhathi esithile. Imvamisa kuthinta ikhanda nentamo yakho, noma kungenzeka kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba wakho.

IDystonia ingadala ukuqina kwemisipha ebuhlungu nokunye ukungakhululeki. Ungabinda noma ube nenkinga yokuphefumula uma ukusabela kuthinta imisipha emphinjeni wakho.

Izibalo ziphakamisa ukuthi noma yikuphi phakathi kwabantu abathatha ama-antipsychotic bahlangabezana ne-acute dystonia, yize kuvame kakhulu ezinganeni nasebasha.

Imvamisa iqala kungakapheli amahora angama-48 ngemuva kokuqala ukuthatha i-antipsychotic kepha ivame ukuba ngcono ngokwelashwa. Ukwehlisa umthamo wemithi elwa ne-psychotic kungasiza. Ukusabela kukaDystonic kungaphathwa futhi ngama-antihistamine nezidakamizwa ezelapha izimpawu zesifo sikaParkinson.

I-Parkinsonism

I-Parkinsonism ichaza izimpawu ezifana nalezo zesifo sika-Parkinson. Uphawu oluvame kakhulu yimisipha eqinile ezingalweni zakho. Ungaba nokuthuthumela, ukukhuphuka kwe-salivation, ukunyakaza okuhamba kancane, noma izinguquko ekumeni kwakho noma ekuhambeni.

Phakathi kwabantu abathatha ama-antipsychotic baba nezimpawu zeParkinsonia. Imvamisa ziqala kancane kancane, kaningi ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ngemuva kokuqala ukuthatha i-antipsychotic. Umthamo wakho ungathinta noma ngabe lo mphumela wecala uyaqala.

Izimpawu ziyahlukahluka ngobukhulu, kepha zingathinta ukunyakaza nokusebenza. Bangagcina ngokuhamba bodwa ngesikhathi, kepha futhi bangalashwa.

Ukwelashwa ngokuvamile kubandakanya ukwehlisa umthamo noma ukuzama i-antipsychotic ehlukile. Izidakamizwa ezisetshenziselwa ukwelapha izimpawu zesifo sika-Parkinson nazo zingasetshenziswa ngokukhethekile ukwelapha izimpawu.

I-Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS)

Lokhu kusabela akuvamile, kepha kubi kakhulu.

Ngokuvamile, izimpawu zokuqala ziyimisipha eqinile nemfiva, bese kuba ukozela noma ukudideka. Ungase futhi uhlaselwe, futhi ukusebenza kwesistimu yakho yezinzwa kungathinteka. Izimpawu zivame ukuvela khona manjalo, imvamisa kungakapheli amahora ambalwa uqale ukuthatha i-antipsychotic.

Ucwaningo alukhombisi ukuthi ngaphezu kwabantu abazokwakha i-NMS. Lesi simo singaholela ku-coma, ukwehluleka kwezinso, nokufa. Ngokuvamile kuhlotshaniswa nokuqala i-antipsychotic, kodwa futhi kuxhunyaniswe nokumisa ngokungazelelwe noma ukushintsha imithi.

Ukwelashwa kubandakanya ukumisa i-antipsychotic ngokushesha nokunikeza usizo lwezempilo olwesekelayo. Ngokunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha, ukululama ngokugcwele kungenzeka, noma kungathatha amasonto amabili noma ngaphezulu.

I-Tardive dyskinesia

I-Tardive dyskinesia wuphawu lwe-extrapyramidal lwakamuva. Kuhilela ukuphindaphinda, ukunyakaza kobuso okungazibandakanyi, njengokujikijela ulimi, ukunyakazisa nokuhlafunwa kwezindebe, ukukhukhumeza izihlathi, nokuklabalasa. Ungase futhi uhlangane nezinguquko ekuhambeni, ekunyakazeni kwezitho okunyakazayo, noma ekunyakaziseni amahlombe.

Imvamisa ayikhuli uze uthathe umuthi izinyanga eziyisithupha noma ngaphezulu. Izimpawu zingaqhubeka naphezu kokwelashwa. Abesifazane banamathuba amaningi okuba nalomphumela ohlangothini. Ubudala nesifo sikashukela kungakhuphula ubungozi, njengoba kungaba nezimpawu noma izimpawu ezingezinhle ze-schizophrenia noma izimpawu ezithinta ukusebenza okujwayelekile.

Phakathi kwabantu abathatha ama-antipsychotic esizukulwane sokuqala, kuze kube cishe bangathola lo mphumela wecala.

Ukwelashwa kubandakanya ukufaka umuthi, ukwehlisa umthamo, noma ukushintshela komunye umuthi. I-Clozapine, isibonelo, ingasiza ekunciphiseni izimpawu ze-tardive dyskinesia. Ukugqugquzelwa kobuchopho obujulile nakho kukhombisile isithembiso njengokwelashwa.

Izinhlobo ezingaphansi ze-tardive dyskinesia

• Tardive dystonia. Le subtype inzima kakhulu kune-dystonia ebukhali futhi imvamisa ifaka ukunyakaza okuhamba kancane emzimbeni wonke, njengokunwetshwa kwentamo noma i-torso.
• I-akathisia eqhubekayo noma engapheli. Lokhu kubhekisela kuzimpawu ze-akathisia, njengokunyakaza kwemilenze, ukunyakaza kwengalo, noma ukuzamazama, okuhlala inyanga eyodwa noma ngaphezulu ngenkathi uthatha umthamo ofanayo wemithi.

Zombili lezi zinokuqala kamuva futhi zingaphikelela naphezu kokwelashwa, kepha izinhlobo zokuhamba ezihambisana nalezi zimpawu ziyahluka.

Izingane eziyeka ukuthatha umuthi ngokungazelelwe nazo zingaba nokuhoxa kwe-dyskinesias. Le minyakazo e-jerky nephindaphindwayo ibonakala kakhulu esifubeni, entanyeni, nasemilenzeni. Imvamisa ziyahamba zodwa emasontweni ambalwa, kepha ukuqala umuthi futhi futhi kunciphise kancane umthamo kunganciphisa nezimpawu.

Yini ebangela izimpawu ze-extrapyramidal?

Uhlelo lwakho lwe-extrapyramidal luyinethiwekhi ye-neural ebuchosheni bakho esiza ukulawula ukulawulwa kwezimoto nokuxhumana. Kubandakanya i-basal ganglia, iqoqo lezakhiwo ezibalulekile ekusebenzeni kwemoto. I-basal ganglia idinga i-dopamine ukuze isebenze kahle.

Ama-Antipsychotic asiza ukuthuthukisa izimpawu ngokuzibophezela kuma-dopamine receptors ohlelweni lwakho lwezinzwa oluphakathi nokuvimba i-dopamine. Lokhu kungavimbela i-basal ganglia ekutholeni i-dopamine eyanele. Izimpawu ze-Extrapyramidal zingakhula njengomphumela.

Ama-antipsychotic esizukulwane sokuqala avame ukudala izimpawu ze-extrapyramidal. Nge-antipsychotic yesizukulwane sesibili, imiphumela emibi ivame ukwenzeka ngamanani aphansi. Le mithi inobudlelwano obuncane be-dopamine receptors futhi ibopha ngokukhululeka futhi ivimbele amanye ama-serotonin receptors.

Ama-antipsychotic esizukulwane sokuqala afaka:

• i-chlorpromazine
• i-haloperidol
• umagazine
• thioridazine
• trifluoperazine
• perphenazine
• i-flupentixol
• i-fluphenazine

Ama-antipsychotic esizukulwane sesibili afaka:

• i-clozapine
• sibusisiwe
• olanzapine
• quetiapine
• paliperidone
• umabhebhana
• umagazine

Zitholakala kanjani izimpawu ze-extrapyramidal?

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela lezi zimpawu uma wena noma othandekayo uthatha i-antipsychotic. Imiphumela emibi yezidakamizwa kwesinye isikhathi ifana nezimpawu zesimo umuthi osetshenziselwa ukuselapha, kepha udokotela angasiza ukuxilonga izimpawu.

Udokotela wakho angakubuza noma ilungu lomndeni mayelana nezimpawu zakho. Bangakwazi ukubona ubunzima onabo ngokuhamba noma ukuhlangana ngesikhathi sokuvakasha kwehhovisi.

Bangase futhi basebenzise isikali sokuhlola, njenge-Drug-Induced Extrapyramidal Symptoms Scale (DIEPSS) noma i-Extrapyramidal Symptoms Rating Scale (ESRS). Lezi zikali zinganikeza imininingwane eminingi mayelana nezimpawu zakho nobukhulu bazo.

Zelashwa kanjani izimpawu ze-extrapyramidal?

Ukwelashwa kwezimpawu ze-extrapyramidal kungaba nzima. Izidakamizwa zingaba nemiphumela engefani, futhi zithinta abantu ngokwehlukile. Ayikho indlela yokubikezela ukusabela ongase ube nakho.

Imvamisa okuwukuphela kwendlela yokwelashwa ukuzama izidakamizwa ezahlukahlukene noma imithamo ephansi ukubona ukuthi yini enikeza ukukhululeka okukhulu ngemiphumela emibi kakhulu. Ngokuya ngezimpawu zakho, ungahle unikezwe nolunye uhlobo lomuthi kanye ne-antipsychotic yakho ukusiza ukuwelapha.

Akufanele neze ulungise noma ushintshe umthamo wemithi yakho ngaphandle kokuholwa ngumhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwempilo.

Ukushintsha umthamo wakho noma imithi kungaholela kwezinye izimpawu. Qaphela futhi usho noma yimiphi imiphumela emibi engadingeki noma engathandeki kudokotela wakho.

Uma unikezwe umthamo ophansi we-antipsychotic, tshela udokotela noma umelaphi wakho uma uqala ukuba nezimpawu zengqondo noma ezinye izimpawu umuthi wakho wenzelwe ukuwelapha.

Uma uqala ukuzwa imibono, ukukhohliswa, noma ezinye izimpawu ezicindezelayo, thola usizo ngokushesha. Lezi zimpawu zingakhuphula ubungozi bokuzilimaza wena noma omunye umuntu, ngakho-ke udokotela wakho angafuna ukuzama indlela ehlukile yokwelashwa.

Kungasiza ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho uma uthola ukucindezeleka ngenxa yezimpawu ze-extrapyramidal. Ukwelashwa akukwazi ukubhekana ngqo nemiphumela engemihle, kepha umelaphi wakho angakunikeza ukusekelwa nezindlela zokubhekana nazo lapho izimpawu zithinta impilo yakho yansuku zonke noma ziholela ekucindezelekeni.

Okubalulekile

Kwezinye izimo, izimpawu ze-extrapyramidal kungenzeka zingakuthinti kakhulu. Kwezinye izimo, zingaba buhlungu noma zingakhululeki. Zingathinta kabi izinga lempilo futhi zibe nomthelela ekukhungathekeni nasekucindezelekeni.

Uma unemiphumela engemihle, ungathatha isinqumo sokuyeka ukuthatha imishanguzo yakho ukuze ihambe, kepha lokhu kungaba yingozi. Uma uyeka ukuthatha imithi yakho, ungathola izimpawu ezinzima kakhulu. Kubalulekile ukuqhubeka uphuza imithi yakho njengoba unqunyiwe uze ukhulume nodokotela wakho.

Uma uqala ukuhlangabezana nanoma imiphi imiphumela emibi ngenkathi uthatha i-antipsychotic, khuluma nodokotela wakho ngokushesha okukhulu. Kwezinye izimo, zingaba unomphela, kepha ukwelashwa kuvame ukuholela ekwenzeni ngcono.