Izinkinga Zomkhuhlane

-Delile

• Izici ezinobungozi bezinkinga zomkhuhlane
• Abantu abadala asebekhulile
• Inyumoniya
• I-bronchitis
• Isinusitis
• I-Otitis media
• I-Encephalitis
• Umbono wesikhathi eside wabantu abanezinkinga ezihlobene nomkhuhlane

Amaqiniso enkinga yomkhuhlane

Umkhuhlane, obangelwa igciwane lomkhuhlane, uvame kakhulu. I-Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) ibika ukuthi umkhuhlane wonyaka uthinta abantu baseMelika unyaka nonyaka.

Abantu abaningi bangalwa nezimpawu zomkhuhlane ngokuphumula okuningi nangamanzi. Kodwa-ke, amaqembu athile asengozini enkulu angaba nezinkinga eziyingozi ngisho nezisongela impilo.

I-CDC ilinganisela ukuthi phakathi kwabantu baseMelika kufa unyaka nonyaka ngenxa yomkhuhlane. Lokho kusho ukuthi inkathi yomkhuhlane ka-2017-2018 yayinenani eliphakeme ngokungajwayelekile lokufa kwabantu e-United States :.

Kulinganiselwa ukuthi, emhlabeni jikelele, phakathi kwabantu abangama-290,000 kuya kwabangu-650,000 babulawa yizinkinga zomkhuhlane unyaka nonyaka.

Ngesikhathi, abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-49 bangenwa umkhuhlane kanti abacishe babe yisigidi esisodwa balaliswa esibhedlela e-United States.

Izici ezinobungozi bezinkinga zomkhuhlane

Amaqembu athile asengozini enkulu yomkhuhlane. Ngokusho kwe, la maqembu kufanele athole okuza kuqala uma kunenkinga yokugomela umkhuhlane. Izici zobungozi zifaka iminyaka, ubuhlanga, izimo ezikhona nezinye izinto.

Amaqembu amadala anobungozi obandayo afaka:

• izingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka emihlanu
• izingane nentsha engaphansi kweminyaka eyi-18 ethatha imishanguzo equkethe i-aspirin noma i-salicylate
• abantu abaneminyaka engama-65 noma ngaphezulu

Amaqembu ezinhlanga ezinobungozi obukhulu afaka:

• Abomdabu baseMelika
• Abomdabu base-Alaska

Abantu abanezimo ezilandelayo banobungozi obukhulu bezinkinga zomkhuhlane:

• isifuba somoya
• izimo zenhliziyo namaphaphu
• ukuphazamiseka okungapheli kwe-endocrine, njengesifo sikashukela
• izimo zempilo ezingamahlalakhona ezithinta izinso nesibindi
• iziyaluyalu ezingamahlalakhona zemithambo yegazi nezinzwa ze-neurodevelopmental, ezinjengesithuthwane, isifo sohlangothi nesifo sobuchopho
• ukuphazamiseka kwegazi okungapheli, njenge-sickle cell anemia
• izifo ezingapheli zomzimba

Abanye abantu abasengozini enkulu bafaka:

• abantu abanamasosha omzimba abuthakathaka, kungaba ngenxa yezifo (njengomdlavuza, i-HIV, noma i-AIDS) noma ukusetshenziswa kwemithi yesikhathi eside ye-steroid
• abesifazane abakhulelwe
• abantu abakhuluphele ngokweqile abanenkomba yomzimba (BMI) engama-40 noma ngaphezulu

La maqembu kufanele aqaphe izimpawu zawo zomkhuhlane eduze. Kufanele futhi bafune ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha lapho kuqala uphawu lwezinkinga. Lezi zivame ukuvela njengezimpawu zomkhuhlane ezifana nomkhuhlane nokukhathala ziqala ukuphela.

Abantu abadala asebekhulile

Abantu abaneminyaka engama-65 noma ngaphezulu basengozini enkulu yezinkinga nokufa ngenxa yomkhuhlane. I-CDC ilinganisela ukuthi laba bantu bakhiwa ukuhambela izibhedlela ezihlobene nomkhuhlane.

Zibuye zibhale ngamaphesenti angama-71 kuya kwangu-85 okufa okuhlobene nomkhuhlane, yingakho kubaluleke kakhulu kubantu abadala ukuba bathole umkhuhlane.

Ukuphathwa Kwezokudla Nezidakamizwa (i-FDA) kuvume i-Fluzone Hi-Dose, umuthi wokugoma onedosi ephezulu, kubantu abaneminyaka engama-65 noma ngaphezulu.

I-Fluzone Hi-Dose iqukethe inani eliphindwe kane lama-antigen njengomuthi wokugomela ojwayelekile womkhuhlane. Ama-antigen avuselela amasosha omzimba ukuthi akhiqize amasosha omzimba, alwa negciwane lomkhuhlane.

Enye indlela yokugomela umkhuhlane kubantu abadala asebekhulile ibizwa ngeFLUAD. Iqukethe into yokuvuselela impendulo enamandla yomzimba.

Inyumoniya

I-pneumonia ukutheleleka kwamaphaphu okwenza ukuthi i-alveoli ivuvuke. Lokhu kudala izimpawu ezifana nokukhwehlela, umkhuhlane, ukuqhaqhazela nokugodola.

I-pneumonia ingakhula futhi ibe yinkinga enkulu yomkhuhlane. Kungaba yingozi ikakhulukazi futhi kubulale ngisho nabantu abasemaqenjini asengozini enkulu.

Funa ukwelashwa ngokushesha uma unalezi zimpawu ezilandelayo:

• ukukhwehlela okukhulu ngamanani amakhulu amafinyila
• inkinga yokuphefumula
• ukuphelelwa umoya
• Ukugodola okukhulu noma ukujuluka
• umkhuhlane ongaphezu kuka-102 ° F (38.9 ° C) ongapheli, ikakhulukazi uma futhi unemikhuhlane noma ujuluka
• izinhlungu zesifuba

I-pneumonia iyelapheka kakhulu, imvamisa ngamakhambi asekhaya alula njengokulala kanye noketshezi oluningi olufudumele. Kodwa-ke, ababhemayo, abantu abadala asebekhulile, nabantu abanezinkinga zenhliziyo noma zamaphaphu bathambekele kakhulu ezinkingeni ezihlobene nenyumoniya. Izinkinga ezihlobene nenyumoniya zifaka:

• uketshezi ngaphakathi nangaseduze kwamaphaphu
• amagciwane egazini
• isifo sengcindezi ephathelene nenkinga yokuphefumula engamahlalakhona

I-bronchitis

Le nkinga ibangelwa ukucasuka kolwelwesi lwamafinyila emaphashini.

Izimpawu ze-bronchitis zifaka:

• ukukhwehlela (imvamisa ngomqubuko)
• ukuqina kwesifuba
• ukukhathala
• umkhuhlane omncane
• Ukugodola

Imvamisa, amakhambi alula ayikho konke okudingekayo ukwelapha i-bronchitis. Lokhu kufaka phakathi:

• ukuphumula
• ukuphuza uketshezi oluningi
• usebenzisa i-humidifier
• ukuthatha imishanguzo yezinhlungu zasesitolo (i-OTC)

Kufanele uxhumane nodokotela wakho, noma kunjalo, uma ukhwehlela ngomkhuhlane ongaphezu kuka-100.4 ° F (38 ° C). Kufanele futhi ushayele uma ukukhwehlela kwakho kwenza noma ikuphi kokulandelayo:

• ihlala isikhathi eside kunamasonto amathathu
• kuphazamisa ukulala kwakho
• kuveza amafinyila ombala ongaziwa
• kuveza igazi

Ukungalashwa, i-bronchitis engalapheki kungaholela ezimeni ezimbi kakhulu, kufaka phakathi i-pneumonia, i-emphysema, ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo, nomfutho wegazi ophakeme wamaphaphu.

Isinusitis

I-Sinusitis ukuvuvukala kwezono. Izimpawu zifaka:

• ukuminyana kwamakhala
• Umphimbo obuhlungu
• i-postnasal drip
• ubuhlungu ezonweni, emihlathini ephezulu, nasemazinyweni
• umuzwa oncishisiwe wephunga noma ukunambitha
• ukukhwehlela

I-Sinusitis ivame ukwelashwa nge-OTC saline spray, ama-decongestants, kanye nokunciphisa izinhlungu. Udokotela wakho futhi angaphakamisa i-nasal corticosteroid efana ne-fluticasone (i-Flonase) noma i-mometasone (i-Nasonex) ukunciphisa ukuvuvukala. Zombili lezi ziyatholakala ekhawunteni noma ngencwadi kadokotela.

Izimpawu ezidinga ukunakekelwa ngokushesha zihlanganisa:

• ubuhlungu noma ukuvuvukala eduze kwamehlo
• sivuvukele isiphongo
• ikhanda elibi kakhulu
• ukudideka kwengqondo
• izinguquko zombono, njengokubona okuphindwe kabili
• ukuphefumula kanzima
• ukuqina kwentamo

Lokhu kungaba yizimpawu zesinusitis eye yanda noma yasakazeka.

I-Otitis media

Eyaziwa kangcono njengokutheleleka kwendlebe, i-otitis media ibangela ukuvuvukala nokuvuvukala kwendlebe ephakathi. Izimpawu zifaka:

• Ukugodola
• imfiva
• ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa
• amanzi endlebe
• ukuhlanza
• ukuguquka kwemizwelo

Umuntu omdala onobuhlungu bendlebe noma ophumayo kufanele abonane nodokotela wakhe ngokushesha okukhulu. Ingane kufanele iyiswe kudokotela wayo uma:

• izimpawu zihlala isikhathi eside kunosuku
• ubuhlungu bendlebe bukhulu kakhulu
• ukuphuma kwendlebe kuvela
• abalele
• banesimo esivamile kunokujwayelekile

I-Encephalitis

I-Encephalitis yisimo esingajwayelekile esenzeka lapho igciwane lomkhuhlane lingena ezicutshini zobuchopho futhi lidale ukuvuvukala kobuchopho. Lokhu kungaholela ekuqothulweni kwamangqamuzana ezinzwa, ukopha ebuchosheni, nokulimala kobuchopho.

Izimpawu zifaka:

• ikhanda elibi kakhulu
• umkhuhlane omkhulu
• ukuhlanza
• ukuzwela ukukhanya
• ukozela
• ubulukhuni

Noma kungavamile, lesi simo singadala nokudlidliza nobunzima ngokuhamba.

Funa ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha uma unezinye zalezi zimpawu ezilandelayo:

• ubuhlungu obukhulu bekhanda noma umkhuhlane
• ukudideka kwengqondo
• ukusangana
• ukushintsha kwemizwelo okunzima
• isithuthwane
• ukukhubazeka
• ukubona kabili
• izinkinga zokukhuluma noma zokuzwa

Izimpawu ze-encephalitis ezinganeni ezincane zifaka:

• ukuvela ezindaweni ezithambile kugebhezi lwengane
• ukuqina komzimba
• ukukhala okungalawuleki
• ukukhala okuba kubi kakhulu lapho ingane ilandwa
• ukulahlekelwa isifiso sokudla
• isicanucanu nokuhlanza

Umbono wesikhathi eside wabantu abanezinkinga ezihlobene nomkhuhlane

Izimpawu eziningi zomkhuhlane zixazululwa kungakapheli isonto elilodwa noma amabili. Uma izimpawu zakho zomkhuhlane ziba zimbi noma zingapheli ngemuva kwamasonto amabili, xhumana nodokotela wakho.

Umuthi wokugomela umkhuhlane waminyaka yonke uyindlela engcono kakhulu yokuvikela abantu abasengozini enkulu yezinkinga ezihlobene nomkhuhlane. Inhlanzeko enhle, ukugeza izandla njalo, nokugwema noma ukunciphisa ukuthintana nabantu abanegciwane nakho kungasiza ekuvimbeleni ukusabalala komkhuhlane.

Ukwelashwa kusenesikhathi nakho kuyisihluthulelo sokwelashwa ngempumelelo kwezinkinga. Izinkinga eziningi ezibalulwe ziphendula kahle ekwelashweni. Lokho kusho ukuthi abaningi bangaba nzima kakhulu ngaphandle kokwelashwa okufanele.