Amaketanga Wokukhanya Wamahhala

-Delile

• Kuyini ukuhlolwa kwamaketanga okukhanya kwamahhala?
• Kusetshenziselwa ini?
• Kungani ngidinga isivivinyo samahhala sokukhanya kwamaketanga?
• Kwenzekani ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwamaketanga wokukhanya wamahhala?
• Ngabe kukhona engizodinga ukukwenza ukulungiselela isivivinyo?
• Ingabe zikhona izingozi esivivinyweni samaketanga wokukhanya wamahhala?
• Isho ukuthini imiphumela?
• Ngabe kukhona okunye engidinga ukukwazi mayelana nokuhlolwa kwamahhala kokukhanya kwamaketanga?
• Izinkomba

Kuyini ukuhlolwa kwamaketanga okukhanya kwamahhala?

Amaketanga akhanyayo amaprotheni enziwe ngamaseli e-plasma, uhlobo lwamaseli amhlophe egazi. Amaseli e-Plasma nawo enza ama-immunoglobulin (amasosha omzimba). Ama-immunoglobulin asiza ukuvikela umzimba ekuguleni nasezifweni. Ama-immunoglobulin akhiwa lapho amaketanga alula exhunyaniswa namaketanga asindayo, olunye uhlobo lwamaprotheni. Lapho amaketanga alula exhunyaniswa namaketanga asindayo, ayaziwa njenge eboshiwe amaketanga akhanyayo.

Imvamisa, amangqamuzana e-plasma enza inani elincane lamaketanga wokukhanya angeziwe angabophi ngamaketanga asindayo. Kunalokho bakhishelwa egazini. La maketanga angaxhumekile aziwa ngokuthi mahhala amaketanga akhanyayo.

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zamaketanga akhanyayo: i-lambda ne-kappa light chain. Ukuhlolwa kwamaketanga okukhanya kwamahhala kukala inani lamaketanga wamahhala we-lambda ne-kappa egazini. Uma inani lamaketanga wokukhanya wamahhala liphakeme noma liphansi kunokujwayelekile, kungasho ukuthi unenkinga yamaseli e-plasma. Lokhu kufaka phakathi i-myeloma eminingi, umdlavuza wamaseli e-plasma, kanye ne-amyloidosis, isimo esidala ukwakheka okuyingozi kwamaprotheni ezingxenyeni nezicubu ezahlukahlukene.

Amanye amagama: isilinganiso samahhala se-kappa / lambda, i-kappa / lambda yokukhanya kwamahhala, i-freelite, i-kappa ne-lambda yokukhanya kwamahhala, amaketanga wokukhanya wamahhala

Kusetshenziselwa ini?

Ukuhlolwa kwamaketanga okukhanya kwamahhala kusetshenziselwa ukuxilonga noma ukuqapha ukuphazamiseka kwamaseli e-plasma.

Kungani ngidinga isivivinyo samahhala sokukhanya kwamaketanga?

Ungadinga lokhu kuhlolwa uma unezimpawu zesifo se-plasma cell disorder. Ngokuya ngesifo i-plasma ongaba naso nokuthi yiziphi izitho ezithintekayo, izimpawu zakho zingafaka:

• Ubuhlungu bamathambo
• Ukukhathala
• Ukuba ndikindiki noma ukuncinza ezingalweni nasemilenzeni
• Ukuvuvukala kolimi
• Amabala ansomi esikhunjeni

Kwenzekani ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwamaketanga wokukhanya wamahhala?

Uchwepheshe wezempilo uzothatha isampula yegazi emthanjeni osengalweni yakho, esebenzisa inaliti encane. Ngemuva kokuthi kufakwe inaliti, kuzoqoqwa inani elincane legazi kufakwe ithubhu yokuhlola noma isitsha. Ungase uzizwe uluma kancane lapho inaliti ingena noma iphuma. Lokhu ngokuvamile kuthatha imizuzu engaphansi kwemihlanu.

Ngabe kukhona engizodinga ukukwenza ukulungiselela isivivinyo?

Awudingi noma yimaphi amalungiselelo akhethekile wokuhlolwa kwamahhala okukhanya.

Ingabe zikhona izingozi esivivinyweni samaketanga wokukhanya wamahhala?

Kunengozi encane kakhulu yokuhlolwa kwegazi. Ungaba nobuhlungu obuncane noma ukulimaza lapho kufakwe khona inaliti, kepha izimpawu eziningi ziyaphela ngokushesha.

Isho ukuthini imiphumela?

Imiphumela yakho izokhombisa inani lamaketanga wamahhala we-lambda ne-kappa. Izophinde inikeze ukuqhathanisa phakathi kwalokhu okubili. Uma imiphumela yakho ibingeyona eyejwayelekile, kungasho ukuthi une-plasma cell disorder, efana nale:

• I-myeloma eminingi
• I-Amyloidosis
• I-MGUS (i-monoclonal gammopathy yokubaluleka okungaziwa). Lesi yisimo lapho unamazinga amaprotheni angajwayelekile. Imvamisa ayibangeli zinkinga noma zimpawu, kepha kwesinye isikhathi ikhula ibe yi-myeloma eminingi.
• I-Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia (WM), umdlavuza wamaseli amhlophe egazi. Luhlobo lwe-non-Hodgkin lymphoma.

Funda kabanzi mayelana nokuhlolwa kwelabhorethri, ububanzi bezinkomba, nemiphumela yokuqonda.

Ngabe kukhona okunye engidinga ukukwazi mayelana nokuhlolwa kwamahhala kokukhanya kwamaketanga?

Ukuhlolwa kwamaketanga okukhanya kwamahhala kuvame uku-oda nezinye izivivinyo, kufaka phakathi ukuhlolwa kwegazi kwe-immunofixation, ukusiza ukuqinisekisa noma ukukhipha ukuxilongwa.

Izinkomba

1. I-American Cancer Society [Inthanethi]. I-Atlanta: I-American Cancer Society Inc.; c2019. Uvivinyo Lokuthola I-Multiple Myeloma; [kubuyekezwe i-2018 Feb 28; kucashunwe ngo-2019 Dec 21]; [cishe izikrini ezi-4]. Kutholakala kusuka: https://www.cancer.org/cancer/multiple-myeloma/detection-diagnosis-staging/testing.html
2. I-American Cancer Society [Inthanethi]. I-Atlanta: I-American Cancer Society Inc.; c2019. Kuyini iWaldenstrom Macroglobulinemia ?; [kubuyekezwe i-2018 Jul 29; kucashunwe ngo-2019 Dec 21]; [cishe izikrini ezi-3]. Kutholakala kusuka: https://www.cancer.org/cancer/waldenstrom-macroglobulinemia/about/what-is-wm.html
3. I-American Society of Hematology [i-Intanethi]. IWashington D.C .: I-American Society of Hematology; c2019. Myeloma; [kucashunwe ngo-2019 Dec 21]; [cishe izikrini ezi-3]. Kutholakala kusuka: https://www.hematology.org/Patients/Cancers/Myeloma.aspx
4. I-International Myeloma Foundation [i-Intanethi]. ENyakatho Hollywood (CA): I-International Myeloma Foundation; Ukuqonda Ukuhlolwa Kwe-Freelite ne-Hevylite; [kucashunwe ngo-2019 Dec 21]; [cishe izikrini ezi-3]. Kutholakala kusuka: https://www.myeloma.org/sites/default/files/resource/u-freelite_hevylite.pdf
5. Ukuhlolwa Kwelebhu Ku-inthanethi [i-Intanethi]. IWashington DC: I-American Association for Clinical Chemistry; c2001–2019. Amaketanga Wokukhanya Angahleki; [kubuyekezwe i-2019 Oct 24; kucashunwe ngo-2019 Dec 21]; [cishe izikrini ezi-2]. Kutholakala kusuka: https://labtestsonline.org/tests/serum-free-light-chains
6. IMayo Clinic [Inthanethi]. IMayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research; c1998–2019. I-monoclonal gammopathy yokubaluleka okunganqunyelwe (MGUS): Izimpawu nezimbangela; 2019 Meyi 21; [kucashunwe ngo-2019 Dec 21]; [cishe izikrini ezi-3]. Kutholakala kusuka: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/mgus/symptoms-causes/syc-20352362
7. IMayo Clinic: I-Mayo Medical Laboratories [i-Intanethi]. IMayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research; c1995–2019. I-ID Yokuhlola: I-FLCP: Amaketanga Wokukhanya Okukhululekile we-Immunoglobulin, iSerum: Imitholampilo kanye nokutolika [kucashunwe ngo-2019 Dec 21; [cishe izikrini ezi-4]. Kutholakala kusuka: https://www.mayocliniclabs.com/test-catalog/Clinical+and+Interpretive/84190
8. Isikhungo Somdlavuza Kazwelonke [i-Inthanethi]. I-Bethesda (MD): UMnyango Wezempilo kanye Nezinsizakalo Zabantu I-Plasma Cell Neoplasms (Kubandakanya Ukwelashwa Kwe-Myeloma) (PDQ®) –Patient Version; [kubuyekezwe i-2019 Nov 8; kucashunwe ngo-2019 Dec 21]; [cishe izikrini ezi-3]. Kutholakala kusuka: https://www.cancer.gov/types/myeloma/patient/myeloma-treatment-pdq
9. I-National Heart, Lung, ne-Blood Institute [i-Intanethi]. I-Bethesda (MD): UMnyango Wezempilo kanye Nezinsizakalo Zabantu e-U.S. Ukuhlolwa Kwegazi; [kucashunwe ngo-2019 Dec 21]; [cishe izikrini ezi-3]. Kutholakala kusuka: https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health-topics/blood-tests
10. I-University of Rochester Medical Center [i-Inthanethi]. URochester (NY): Isikhungo Sezokwelapha sase-University of Rochester; c2019. I-Health Encyclopedia: Amaketanga Okukhanya Okukhululekile (Igazi); [kucashunwe ngo-2019 Dec 21]; [cishe izikrini ezi-2]. Kutholakala kusuka: https://www.urmc.rochester.edu/encyclopedia/content.aspx?contenttypeid=167&contentid=serum_free_light_chains

Imininingwane ekulesi siza akufanele isetshenziswe esikhundleni sezokunakekelwa kwezokwelapha noma iseluleko. Xhumana nomhlinzeki wezempilo uma unemibuzo ngempilo yakho.