Uphethiloli Nezempilo

-Delile

• Izimpawu zobuthi bophethiloli
• Izimbangela zikaphethiloli onoshevu
• Imiphumela yesikhashana
• Imiphumela yesikhathi eside
• Ukuthola usizo oluphuthumayo
• Esimweni esiphuthumayo
  
• Umbono womuntu ofakwe uphethiloli
• Imithombo ye-athikili

Ukubuka konke

Uphethiloli uyingozi empilweni yakho ngoba unobuthi. Ukuvezwa kukaphethiloli, kungaba ngokuthintana ngokomzimba noma ukuhogela, kungadala izinkinga zempilo. Imiphumela yobuthi kaphethiloli ingalimaza zonke izitho ezinkulu. Kubalulekile ukuzivocavoca nokuphoqa ukuphathwa ngophethiloli okuphephile ukuvimbela ubuthi.

Ukuchayeka kukaphethiloli okungafanele kuqinisekisa ukuthi kudingeka usizo lwezokwelapha oluphuthumayo. Shayela i-American Association of Poison Control Centers ku-1-800-222-1222 uma ukholwa ukuthi wena noma umuntu omaziyo unoshevu kaphethiloli.

Izimpawu zobuthi bophethiloli

Ukugwinya uphethiloli kungadala izinkinga eziningi ezithweni ezibalulekile. Izimpawu zobuthi bophethiloli zingafaka:

• ukuphefumula kanzima
• ubuhlungu bomphimbo noma ukushisa
• evutha emmangweni
• ubuhlungu besisu
• ukulahleka kombono
• ukuhlanza ngegazi noma ngaphandle kwalo
• indle enegazi
• isiyezi
• ikhanda elibuhlungu
• ukukhathala ngokweqile
• ukudlikizela
• ubuthakathaka bomzimba
• ukulahlekelwa ukwazi

Lapho uphethiloli uhlangana nesikhumba sakho, ungahle ubhekane nokucasuka okubomvu noma ukusha.

Izimbangela zikaphethiloli onoshevu

Uphethiloli uyisidingo ezimbonini eziningi. Igesi ngophethiloli oyinhloko osetshenziselwa ukwenza izimoto eziningi ezinenjini zisebenze. Izingxenye ze-hydrocarbon zikaphethiloli ziyenza ibe nobuthi. Ama-hydrocarbon awuhlobo lwezinto eziphilayo ezenziwe ngama-molecule e-hydrogen ne-carbon. Ziyingxenye yazo zonke izinhlobo zezinto zesimanje, kufaka phakathi okulandelayo:

• uwoyela wezimoto
• uwoyela wesibani
• uphalafini
• upende
• usimende wenjoloba
• uketshezi olulula

Uphethiloli uqukethe i-methane ne-benzene, okungama-hydrocarbon ayingozi.

Mhlawumbe enye yezingozi ezinkulu zokuchayeka kukaphethiloli yingozi engayenza emaphashini akho lapho uhogela intuthu yayo. Ukuhogela okuqondile kungadala ubuthi be-carbon monoxide, yingakho kungafanele ugijime imoto endaweni ebiyelwe, njengegaraji. Ukuchayeka isikhathi eside endaweni evulekile kungalimaza namaphaphu akho.

Ukumpompa uphethiloli ethangini lakho legesi akulimazi ngokuvamile. Noma kunjalo, ukuvezwa ngephutha ketshezi kungalimaza isikhumba sakho.

Ukusetshenziswa kwephethiloli ngengozi kusakazeke kakhulu kunokugwinya uketshezi ngamabomu.

Imiphumela yesikhashana

Uphethiloli ungathinta impilo yakho ngokubi nangoketshezi. Ukugwinya uphethiloli kungalimaza ingaphakathi lomzimba wakho futhi kudale ukulimala unomphela ezithweni ezinkulu. Uma umuntu egwinya inani elikhulu likaphethiloli, kungadala ukufa.

I-Carbon monoxide poisoning ikhathaza kakhulu. Lokhu kwenzeka ikakhulukazi uma usebenza emsebenzini lapho usebenza khona imishini esebenzisa uphethiloli njalo. Ngokusho kwezinjini ezincane ezinamandla kagesi ziyingozi ikakhulukazi ngoba zikhipha ubuthi obuningi. ICarbon monoxide ayibonakali futhi ayinaphunga, ngakho-ke ungayiphefumula ngobuningi ngaphandle kokwazi. Lokhu kungadala ukulimala okungapheli kobuchopho ngisho nokufa.

Imiphumela yesikhathi eside

Uphethiloli unemiphumela yezempilo engahlala iminyaka eminingana. Udizili ungolunye uphethiloli oqukethe ama-hydrocarbon. Kuwumkhiqizo kaphethiloli, futhi usetshenziswa ikakhulukazi ezitimeleni, emabhasini nasezimotweni zasepulazini. Lapho uhlangana njalo nomusi ophuma kuphethiloli noma kudizili, amaphaphu akho angaqala ukonakala ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ucwaningo lwango-2012 olwenziwe yiWorld Health Organisation (WHO) luthole ingozi ebandayo yomdlavuza wamaphaphu kubantu abavame ukuvezwa intuthu kadizili.

Njengoba izinjini zikadizili zithola ukuthandwa ngenxa yokusebenzisa kwazo amandla, abantu kudingeka bazi kangcono ngobungozi bazo. Kufanele ulandele lezi zinyathelo zokuphepha:

• Ungami ngamapayipi wokukhipha.
• Ungami uzungeze intuthu yegesi.
• Ungasebenzisi izinjini ezindaweni ezivalekile.

Ukuthola usizo oluphuthumayo

Ukugwinya uphethiloli noma ukuvezwa ngokweqile komusi kuvumela ukuvakashelwa egumbini lezimo eziphuthumayo noma ukufonelwa esikhungweni esilawula ubuthi sendawo. Qiniseka ukuthi umuntu uhlala phansi aphuze amanzi ngaphandle uma eyalelwe ukuthi angenzi njalo. Qinisekisa ukuthi basendaweni enomoya omusha.

Qinisekisa ukuthatha lezi zixwayiso:

Esimweni esiphuthumayo

• Ungaphoqi ukuhlanza.
• Ungamniki isisulu ubisi.
• Unganiki oketshezi kumuntu ohlukumezekile ongazi lutho.
• Ungashiyi isisulu futhi wena ngokwakho uvezwe intuthu kaphethiloli.
• Ungazami ukulungisa lesi simo ngokwakho. Njalo shayela usizo kuqala.

Umbono womuntu ofakwe uphethiloli

Umbono wobuthi kaphethiloli uncike enanini lokuchayeka nokuthi uluthola ngokushesha kangakanani ukwelashwa. Uma uthola ukwelashwa ngokushesha, maningi amathuba okuthi ululame ngaphandle kokulimala okukhulu. Kodwa-ke, ukuvezwa kukaphethiloli kuhlale kunamandla okudala izinkinga emaphashini, emlonyeni nasesiswini.

Uphethiloli wenze izinguquko eziningi ukuze ube ngumdlavuza omncane, kepha kusenezingozi ezinkulu zempilo ezihambisana nawo. Ngaso sonke isikhathi yenza ngokunakekela lapho uvezwa kuphethiloli oketshezi kanye nentuthu kaphethiloli. Uma usola noma ikuphi ukuvezwa esikhunjeni noma uma ucabanga ukuthi kunemali eyeqile okweqile, kufanele ushayele i-American Association of Poison Control Centres ku-1-800-222-1222.

Imithombo ye-athikili

• Izingozi ze-Carbon monoxide ezivela ezinjinini ezincane ezinophethiloli. (2012, Juni 5). Ibuyiswe kusuka ku-
• Uphethiloli - umkhiqizo kaphethiloli. (2014, Disemba 5). Ibuyiswe kusuka ku-http: //www.eia.gov/energyexplained/index.cfm?page=gasoline_home
• USimon, S. (2012, Juni 15). I-World Health Organisation ithi ukukhishwa kukadizili kubanga umdlavuza. Kubuyiswe kusuka ku-http: //www.cancer.org/cancer/news/world-health-organization-says-diesel-exhaust-causes-cancer