IGlioma: kuyini, iziqu, izinhlobo, izimpawu nokwelashwa

-Delile

• Izinhlobo nezinga le-Glioma
• Izimpawu eziyinhloko
• Yelashwa kanjani

Ama-gliomas yizicubu zobuchopho lapho kuthinteka khona amaseli we-glial, okungamaseli akha i-Central Nervous System (CNS) futhi abhekele ukusekela ama-neuron kanye nokusebenza kahle kwesistimu yezinzwa. Lolu hlobo lwesimila lunezimbangela zofuzo, kepha kuyaqabukela luzuzwe njengefa. Kodwa-ke, uma kunamacala emndenini we-glioma, kunconywa ukuthi ukwelulekwa kofuzo kwenziwe ukuze kuhlolwe ubukhona bezinguquko ezihlobene nalesi sifo.

Ama-gliomas angahlukaniswa ngokuya ngendawo akuyo, amaseli abandakanyekayo, izinga lokukhula nobudlova futhi, ngokusho kwalezi zinto, udokotela ojwayelekile nodokotela wezinzwa anganquma ukwelashwa okufanele kakhulu kwecala, imvamisa okwenziwa ngokuhlinzwa okulandelwa yi-chemo ne-radiotherapy.

Izinhlobo nezinga le-Glioma

Ama-gliomas angahlukaniswa ngokuya ngamaseli abandakanyekile nendawo:

• Izinkanyezi, okuvela kuma-astrocyte, okungamaseli we-glial abhekele ukusayinwa kwamaseli, ukondleka kwe-neuron nokulawulwa kwe-homeostatic kohlelo lwe-neuronal;
• Ama-Epidendiomas, okuvela kumaseli we-ependymal, anesibopho sokufaka izimbotshana ezitholakala ebuchosheni nokuvumela ukunyakaza kwe-cerebrospinal fluid, i-CSF;
• Oligodendrogliomas, okuvela kuma-oligodendrocyte, okungamaseli abhekele ukwakheka komgogodla we-myelin, okuyizicubu ezibeka amaseli ezinzwa.

Njengoba ama-astrocyte etholakala ngobuningi ohlelweni lwezinzwa, ukutholakala kwe-astrocytomas kuvame kakhulu, kanti i-glioblastoma noma ibanga IV i-astrocytoma iyona eqine kakhulu futhi ejwayelekile, engabonakala ngezinga lokukhula okuphezulu namandla okungena, okuholela ezinkingeni eziningi ukuthi kungabeka impilo yomuntu engcupheni. Qonda ukuthi yini i-glioblastoma.

Ngokwesilinganiso sobudlova, i-glioma ingahlukaniswa nge:

• Ibanga I, okuvame kakhulu ezinganeni, yize kungavamile, futhi kungaxazululwa kalula ngokuhlinzwa, njengoba ikhula kancane futhi ingenamandla okungena ngaphakathi;
• IBanga II, nayo ekhula kancane kodwa esivele ikwazi ukungena ezicutshini zobuchopho futhi, uma ukuxilongwa kungenziwanga esigabeni sokuqala sesifo, kungaphenduka ibanga lesithathu noma IV, okungabeka impilo yomuntu engcupheni. Kulokhu, ngaphezu kokuhlinzwa, kunconywa i-chemotherapy;
• Ibanga lesithathu, ebonakala ngokukhula okusheshayo futhi ingasakazeka kalula ubuchopho;
• IBanga IV, okuyinto enolaka kakhulu, ngoba ngaphezu kwezinga eliphakeme lokuziphindaphinda lisakazeka ngokushesha, lifaka impilo yomuntu engcupheni.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-gliomas angahlukaniswa njengezinga lokukhula eliphansi, njengoba kunjalo ngebanga I no-II glioma, kanye nezinga lokukhula okuphezulu, njengoba kunjalo ngebanga le-grade III ne-IV gliomas, elibucayi kakhulu ngenxa yeqiniso ukuthi amangqamuzana e-tumor akwazi ukuziphindaphinda ngokushesha futhi angene kwamanye amasayithi wezicubu zobuchopho, aqhubeke nokubeka engozini impilo yomuntu.

Izimpawu eziyinhloko

Izimpawu nezimpawu ze-glioma zivame ukubonakala kuphela lapho isimila sicindezela imizwa ethile noma umgogodla, futhi zingahluka ngokuya ngosayizi, ukuma nokukhula kwezinga le-glioma, okuyizinto eziyinhloko:

• Ikhanda;
• Ukudlikizela;
• Isicanucanu noma ukuhlanza;
• Kunzima ukugcina ibhalansi;
• Ukudideka kwengqondo;
• Ukulahleka kwememori:
• Izinguquko zokuziphatha;
• Ubuthakathaka ohlangothini olulodwa lomzimba;
• Kunzima ukukhuluma.

Ngokuya ngokuhlolwa kwalezi zimpawu, udokotela ojwayelekile noma i-neurologist angakhombisa ukusebenza kwezivivinyo ze-imaging ukuze kutholakale ukuxilongwa, okufana ne-computed tomography kanye ne-magnetic resonance imaging, ngokwesibonelo. Kusukela emiphumeleni etholakele, udokotela angakhomba indawo yesimila nosayizi waso, akwazi ukuchaza izinga le-glioma futhi, ngalokho, akhombise ukwelashwa okufanele kakhulu.

Yelashwa kanjani

Ukwelashwa kwe-glioma kwenziwa ngokuya ngezimpawu zesimila, ibanga, uhlobo, ubudala nezimpawu nezimpawu ezethulwe ngumuntu. Ukwelashwa okuvame kakhulu kwe-glioma ukuhlinzwa, okuhlose ukususa isimila, okwenza kudingeke ukuvula ukhakhayi ukuze i-neurosurgeon ikwazi ukufinyelela ubukhulu bobuchopho, okwenza inqubo ibe ntekenteke kakhulu. Lokhu kuhlinza kuvame ukuhambisana nezithombe ezinikezwa ngamagnetic resonance kanye ne-computed tomography ukuze udokotela akwazi ukubona indawo ngqo yesimila okufanele sisuswe.

Ngemuva kokukhishwa kwe-glioma ngokuhlinzwa, umuntu uvame ukwenziwa i-chemo noma i-radiotherapy, ikakhulukazi uma kukhulunywa ngebanga lesibili, III no-IV gliomas, njengoba kungena ngaphakathi futhi kungasakazeka kalula kwezinye izingxenye zobuchopho, okwenza isimo sibe sibi kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, nge-chemo ne-radiotherapy, kungenzeka ukuqeda amangqamuzana e-tumor angazange asuswe ngokuhlinzwa, avimbele ukwanda kwalawa maseli nokubuyela kwesifo.