Yini i-hypertonia, izimpawu, izimbangela kanye nokwelashwa

-Delile

• Izimpawu nezimpawu eziyinhloko
• Izimbangela ze-hypertonia
• Yelashwa kanjani

I-Hypertonia wukwanda okungajwayelekile kwethoni yemisipha, lapho imisipha ilahlekelwa khona amandla okwelula, okungaholela ekuqineni okwandayo ngenxa yokutshengiswa okuqhubekayo kokuncipha kwemisipha. Lesi simo senzeka ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokulimala kwama-motor motor aphezulu angenzeka ngenxa yesifo sikaParkinson, ukulimala komgogodla, izifo ze-metabolic kanye ne-cerebral palsy, okuyiyona imbangela enkulu ye-hypertonia ezinganeni.

Abantu abane-hypertonia banobunzima bokuhamba, njengoba kukhona ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-neuronal ekulawuleni ukusikwa kwemisipha, ngaphezu kwalokho kungahle kube nokungalingani kwemisipha nama-spasms. Kunconywa ukuthi umuntu one-hypertonia ahambisane nodokotela wezinzwa futhi enze izikhathi ze-physiotherapy ukudambisa izinhlungu nokwenza ngcono ukunyakaza.

Izimpawu nezimpawu eziyinhloko

Uphawu oluyinhloko olukhombisayo lwe-hypertonia ubunzima bokwenza ukunyakaza ngenxa yesiginali yezinzwa eqhubekayo yokuncipha kwemisipha. Endabeni yehypertonia efinyelela emilenzeni, ngokwesibonelo, ukuhamba kungaqina futhi umuntu angawa, njengoba kulezi zimo kunzima ukuthi umzimba usabele ngokushesha okwanele ukuze uphinde uthole ibhalansi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezinye izimpawu nezimpawu ze-hypertonia yilezi:

• Ubuhlungu bemisipha ngenxa yokuncipha njalo;
• Ukunciphisa ukucabanga;
• Ukungabi namandla;
• Ukukhathala ngokweqile;
• Ukuntuleka kokuxhumanisa;
• Ukudumba kwemisipha.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, izimpawu zingahluka ngokuya ngobukhulu be-hypertonia nokuthi iyaqhubeka yini noma cha ngesifo esibhekene nalolu shintsho. Ngakho-ke, esimweni se-hypertonia emnene, kungahle kube nomthelela omncane noma kungabi nampilo empilweni yomuntu, kuyilapho esimweni se-hypertonia enamandla kungahle kube nokunganyakazi nokukhuphuka kwamathambo, ngaphezu kwengozi eyengeziwe yokuqhekeka kwamathambo, ukutheleleka, ukuthuthukiswa kwama-bedsores nokuthuthukiswa kwe-pneumonia, isibonelo.

Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuthi kubonakale imbangela yehypertonia ukuze kuqalwe ukwelashwa okufanele ngenhloso yokukhuthaza inhlalakahle yomuntu nokwenza ngcono impilo.

Izimbangela ze-hypertonia

I-Hypertonia yenzeka lapho izifunda zobuchopho noma zomgogodla ezilawula amasiginali ahlobene nokuncipha kwemisipha nokuphumula zingahle zenzeke ngenxa yezimo eziningana, okuyizona eziyinhloko:

• Amagalelo anamandla ekhanda;
• Unhlangothi;
• Izimila ebuchosheni;
• I-Multiple sclerosis;
• Isifo sikaParkinson;
• Ukulimala komgogodla;
• I-Adrenoleukodystrophy, eyaziwa nangokuthi isifo sikaLorenzo;
• IHydrocephalus.

Ezinganeni, i-hypertonia ingenzeka ngenxa yokulimala ngesikhathi se-intrauterine life noma umphumela we-extrapyramidal, kepha ikakhulukazi ihlobene nokukhubazeka kobuchopho, okuhambelana nezinguquko ekwakhiweni kohlelo lwezinzwa ngenxa yokushoda komoya-mpilo ebuchosheni noma ubukhona bamahlule. Qonda ukuthi iyini i-cerebral palsy nokuthi iziphi izinhlobo.

Yelashwa kanjani

Ukwelashwa kwe-hypertonia kunconywa ngudokotela ngokushuba kwezimpawu eziveziwe futhi kuhlose ukuthuthukisa amakhono emoto nokuqeda izinhlungu, ukukhuthaza ikhwalithi yempilo yomuntu. Ngalokhu, udokotela angancoma ukusetshenziswa kwemithi ephumuza imisipha engasetshenziswa ngomlomo noma ngqo ku-fluid cerebrospinal. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-botulinum toxin ingasetshenziselwa ukukhulula i-hypertonia endaweni ethile yomzimba ngoba imiphumela yayo ingeyasendaweni, hhayi umzimba wonke.

Kubalulekile futhi ukuthi ukwelashwa ngokomzimba nokwelashwa komsebenzi kwenziwe ukukhuthaza ukunyakaza nokugwema ukumelana, ngaphezu kokusiza ekuqiniseni imisipha. Kwezinye izimo, ukusetshenziswa kwama-orthoses nakho kungakhonjiswa, okungasetshenziswa ngezikhathi zokuphumula komuntu noma njengendlela yokusiza ukwenza ukunyakaza okunzima ukukwenza.