Hypoparathyroidism: kuyini, izimpawu kanye nokwelashwa

-Delile

• Izimpawu eziyinhloko
• Yelashwa kanjani
• Izimbangela ezingenzeka ze-hypoparathyroidism
• Izimbangela ze-hypoparathyroidism eyinhloko
• Izimbangela ze-hypoparathyroidism yesibili
• Izimbangela ze-pseudohypoparathyroidism

I-Hypoparathyroidism isho isethi yezifo, noma izimo, eziholela ekwehleni kwesenzo sehomoni i-PTH, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-parathormone.

Le hormone ikhiqizwa yizindlala ze-parathyroid, okuyizindlala ezincane ezi-4 ezitholakala ngemuva kwe-thyroid futhi iyi-hormone ebalulekile okuthi, kanye no-vitamin D, agcine amazinga e-calcium anele egazini.

Ngakho-ke, lapho kunokushoda kwe-PTH emzimbeni, kujwayelekile ukubona ukwehla kwamazinga e-calcium egazini, eyaziwa njenge-hypocalcemia, engadala izimpawu ezinjengobuthakathaka, ukuphazamiseka kwemisipha, izinguquko emathanjeni, izinkinga zemizwa noma nezinkinga zenhliziyo. Funda kabanzi mayelana ne-hypocalcemia nokuthi kungadala ini.

Izimpawu eziyinhloko

Izimpawu ze-hypoparathyroidism ikakhulu zihlobene nezinkinga ezibangelwa ukungasebenzi kwe-PTH. Ngakho-ke, ezinye izimpawu nezimpawu ezingavela zifaka:

• Amajaqamba anamandla emisipha;
• Ukuqhuma kwemisipha;
• Ubuthakathaka bemisipha noma ubuhlungu;
• Ukuquleka okujwayelekile;
• Inhliziyo ishaya ngamandla

Njengoba i-PTH iyi-hormone elawula i-calcium, uma ingekho i-PTH eyanele, i-calcium ayikwazi ukumunceka kahle emathunjini futhi isakhishwa emchameni, okuholela emazingeni aphansi e-calcium egazini noma e-hypocalcemia.

Ubukhulu bezimpawu buxhomeke ebukhali nasejubaneni lokulahleka kwamazinga e-calcium. Iziguli eziningi ezine-hypoparathyroidism azinazimpawu, futhi zinezimpawu kuphela lapho kunesidingo se-calcium eyengeziwe emzimbeni, njengesikhathi sokukhulelwa, ukuncelisa noma ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa ezinciphisa i-calcium.

Ezimweni ezingapheli nezimnene, kungenzeka zingabi khona izimpawu, futhi isifo sitholakale kuphela ezivivinyweni ezijwayelekile, noma kungahle kube nezimpawu ezimnene njengokuncinza kanye nokushoda kwemizwa ezinyaweni, ezandleni noma emlonyeni.

Yelashwa kanjani

Ukwelashwa kwe-hypoparathyroidism kunenhloso enkulu yokulawula ukwehla kwe-calcium emzimbeni, futhi kufanele kuqondiswe yi-endocrinologist ngokusho kwembangela yayo, ubunzima bayo, izimpawu zayo namazinga e-calcium egazi.

Lapho amazinga e-calcium ephansi kakhulu, ngaphansi kuka-7.5mg / dl, kuvela i-hypocalcemia enamandla futhi, kulezi zimo, ukwelashwa esibhedlela kuyadingeka, ngokufakwa kwe-calcium ngqo emthanjeni, nge-calcium gluconate.

Lapho i-hypocalcemia imnene futhi ingalapheki, ukwelashwa kubandakanya ukufaka i-calcium nomlomo we-vitamin D ngomlomo. I-Magnesium isiza ukukhuthaza ukukhiqizwa kwe-PTH futhi, ngakho-ke, ingaba wusizo, ikakhulukazi uma amazinga ayo nawo ephansi. Amanye amakhambi, afana ne-thiazide diuretics noma ukushintshwa kwe-PTH ephindaphindayo, angelulekwa ngudokotela we-endocrinologist, ngokuya ngodaba ngalunye.

Izimbangela ezingenzeka ze-hypoparathyroidism

I-Hypoparathyroidism ingahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko, ngokuya ngezimbangela eziholela ekusebenzeni kwe-PTH:

• I-hypoparathyroidism eyinhloko: kwenzeka lapho ukukhiqizwa kwe-PTH kungasebenzi kahle ngoba izindlala zinenkinga noma zisusiwe.
• I-hypoparathyroidism yesibili: yilapho esinye isishukumisi, njenge-magnesium ephansi, senza ukuthi izindlala zikhiqize i-PTH encane ngaphandle kokuba nenkinga kuzo.

Kukhona necala lesithathu, elibizwa nge-pseudo-hypoparathyroidism, elenzeka ezifweni ezizuzwe njengefa, okungukuthi, ezidlula zofuzo lomndeni, kusuka kubazali kuya ezinganeni, nokwandisa ukumelana nezitho lapho kufanele i-hormone isebenze khona. Ngakho-ke, i-hormone ayikwazi ukwenza umsebenzi wayo yize ikhiqizwa ngobuningi obufanele yizindlala ze-parathyroid.

Izimbangela ze-hypoparathyroidism eyinhloko

Lolu hlobo lwenzeka isikhathi esiningi ngenxa yokususwa kwezindlala ze-parathyroid, ezimweni zokwelashwa kwe-hyperparathyroidism, ngokwesibonelo, kepha kungenzeka futhi ngenxa yokulimala ngengozi kwezindlala ze-parathyroid. Leli cala lenzeka lapho ukuhlinzwa kwenziwa esifundeni sentamo, okuyi-thyroid, yomdlavuza noma amaqhuqhuva. Njengoba izakhiwo zisondele kakhulu futhi nezindlala zincane kakhulu, kwesinye isikhathi kunzima ukuzikhomba futhi uzihlukanise nezinye izinhlaka. Bheka ukuthi ukususwa kwe-thyroid kudingekile nokuthi ululama kanjani.

Izimbangela ze-hypoparathyroidism yesibili

Lolu hlobo lwe-hypoparathyroidism luvame ukubangelwa ukuntuleka okuqhubekayo kwe-magnesium.

Yize i-magnesium ephansi ingakhuthaza ukukhiqizwa kwe-PTH, lapho i-magnesium iphansi kakhulu, futhi isikhathi eside, ithumela umyalezo ku-parathyroid ukuthi ingakhiqizi i-PTH eningi futhi isenze izitho zingazweli ku-hormone, ukuze ayikwazi ukwenza, ibangele i-hypoparathyroidism.

Izimbangela ze-pseudohypoparathyroidism

I-Pseudo-hypoparathyroidism isho iqoqo lezifo lapho ukuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo, okuvame ukuba ngofuzo, kubangela ukuthi izicubu zomzimba zingabi nandaba nokwenziwa kwe-PTH. Kunezinhlobo ezi-3 ze-pseudohypoparathyroidism, kuya ngokuthi ngabe zihlobene yini nesifo esingajwayelekile esibizwa ngokuthi i-Albright's hereditary osteodystrophy nohlobo lokumelana ne-PTH okudalwayo.

Ukuphendula ukungabi bikho kwesenzo se-PTH, izindlala ziyanda ngosayizi bese zizama ukukhiqiza i-PTH eyengeziwe, ngamazinga ajwayelekile noma aphakeme we-PTH egazini, kepha le PTH ayikwazi ukwenza. Ngakho-ke, isithombe somtholampilo siyefana naleso se-hypoparathyroidism, njengoba kufana nokuthi i-hormone ibingekho. Ngakho-ke, ayikwazi ukubizwa ngokuthi yi-hypoparathyroidism ejwayelekile, ngoba empeleni amazinga ajikelezayo e-PTH ajwayelekile noma ayenyuswa, abizwa ngokuthi yi-pseudo-hypoparathyroidism, okusho ukuthi "kufana ne-hypoparathyroidism".