Umlobi: Laura McKinney
Usuku Lokudalwa: 6 Epreli 2021
Ukuvuselela Usuku: 22 Unovemba 2024
Anonim
Umhlahlandlela Ophelele Womdlavuza Webele - Impilo
Umhlahlandlela Ophelele Womdlavuza Webele - Impilo

-Delile

Ukubuka konke ngomdlavuza webele

Umdlavuza wenzeka lapho izinguquko ezibizwa ngokuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo zenzeka kuzakhi zofuzo ezilawula ukukhula kwamaseli. Izinguquko zivumela amaseli ahlukane futhi ande ngendlela engalawulwa.

Umdlavuza webele ngumdlavuza ovela kumaseli webele. Imvamisa, umdlavuza wakhiwa kuma-lobules noma emapayipini ebele. Ama-Lobules yizindlala ezikhiqiza ubisi, futhi amapayipi yizindlela eziletha ubisi kusuka ezingxenyeni kuya engonweni. Umdlavuza ungabonakala nakwizicubu ezinamafutha noma izicubu ezihlanganayo ngaphakathi kwesifuba sakho.

Amaseli omdlavuza angalawuleki avame ukungena kwezinye izicubu zamabele ezinempilo futhi angahambela ama-lymph node ngaphansi kwezingalo. Ama-lymph node ayindlela eyinhloko esiza amangqamuzana omdlavuza ukuthi aye kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba. Bona izithombe futhi ufunde kabanzi ngesakhiwo sebele.

Izimpawu zomdlavuza webele

Lapho usaqala, umdlavuza webele ungahle ungabangeli zimpawu. Ezimweni eziningi, isimila singaba sincane kakhulu ukuthi singazwakala, kepha okungajwayelekile kusengabonakala ku-mammogram. Uma kuzwakala isimila, uphawu lokuqala imvamisa kuyisigaxa esisha ebeleni ebesingekho ngaphambili. Kodwa-ke, akuzona zonke izigaxa ezinomdlavuza.


Uhlobo ngalunye lomdlavuza webele lungadala izimpawu ezahlukahlukene. Eziningi zalezi zimpawu ziyefana, kepha ezinye zingahluka. Izimpawu zomdlavuza webele ovame kakhulu zifaka:

  • isigaxa sesifuba noma ukuqina kwezicubu okuzizwa kwehlukile kunezicubu ezizungezile futhi sekuthuthuke muva nje
  • ubuhlungu besifuba
  • isikhumba esibomvu, esifubeni phezu kwebele lakho lonke
  • ukuvuvukala kulo lonke noma engxenyeni yebele lakho
  • ukuphuma kwengono ngaphandle kobisi lwebele
  • ukuphuma kwegazi engonweni yakho
  • ukuxebuka, ukukala, noma ukukhazimula kwesikhumba engonweni yakho noma esifubeni
  • ushintsho olungazelelwe, olungachazeki esimweni noma kubukhulu besifuba sakho
  • Ingono eguquliwe
  • izinguquko ekubukekeni kwesikhumba emabeleni akho
  • isigaxa noma ukuvuvukala ngaphansi kwengalo yakho

Uma unanoma iyiphi yalezi zimpawu, akusho ukuthi unomdlavuza webele. Isibonelo, ubuhlungu esifubeni sakho noma isigaxa sesifuba kungabangelwa i-cyst enobungozi. Noma kunjalo, uma uthola isigaxa esifubeni sakho noma unezinye izimpawu, kufanele ubone udokotela wakho ukuze aqhubeke nokuhlolwa nokuhlolwa. Funda kabanzi mayelana nezimpawu zomdlavuza webele.


Izinhlobo zomdlavuza webele

Kunezinhlobo eziningana zomdlavuza webele, futhi zehlukaniswe ngezigaba ezimbili eziyinhloko: “ezihlasela” nezithi “ezingezona ezokuhlasela,” noma ze- in. Ngenkathi umdlavuza owesabekayo usabalele usuka emifuleni yamabele noma izindlala uye kwezinye izingxenye zesifuba, umdlavuza ongahlaseli awusabalalanga usuka ezicutshini zokuqala.

Lezi zigaba ezimbili zisetshenziselwa ukuchaza izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zomdlavuza webele, ezibandakanya:

  • I-Ductal carcinoma in situ. I-Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) yisimo esingahlaseli. Nge-DCIS, amangqamuzana omdlavuza avaleleke emapayipini asesifubeni sakho futhi awazange ahlasele izicubu zamabele ezizungezile.
  • I-Lobular carcinoma in situ. I-Lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS) umdlavuza okhula ezingxenyeni ezikhiqiza ubisi zesifuba sakho. NjengeDCIS, amangqamuzana omdlavuza awazange ahlasele izicubu ezizungezile.
  • I-carcinoma ehlasela i-ductal. I-Invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lomdlavuza webele. Lolu hlobo lomdlavuza webele luqala emapayipini obisi lwebele lwakho bese luhlasela izicubu eziseduze ebeleni. Lapho umdlavuza webele ususabalele ezicutshini ezingaphandle kwamathanga akho obisi, ungaqala ukusabalala nakwezinye izitho nezicubu eziseduze.
  • I-carcinoma ye-lobular ehlaselayo. I-invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) iqala ukuvela kuma-lobules wakho webele futhi ihlasele izicubu eziseduze.

Ezinye, izinhlobo ezingavamile kakhulu zomdlavuza webele zifaka:


  • Isifo se-paget sengono. Lolu hlobo lomdlavuza webele luqala emathangeni engono, kodwa njengoba lukhula, luqala ukuthinta isikhumba ne-areola yengono.
  • Isimila se-Phyllode. Lolu hlobo lomdlavuza webele olungandile kakhulu luyakhula ezicutshini ezixhumanisayo zesifuba. Iningi lalezi zicubu zinobungozi, kepha ezinye zinomdlavuza.
  • I-Angiosarcoma. Lona ngumdlavuza okhula emithanjeni yegazi noma emithanjeni ye-lymph esifubeni.

Uhlobo lomdlavuza onalo lunquma izinketho zakho zokwelashwa, kanye nomphumela wakho wesikhathi eside. Funda kabanzi mayelana nezinhlobo zomdlavuza webele.

Umdlavuza webele ovuthayo

Umdlavuza webele wokuvuvukala (IBC) wuhlobo lomdlavuza webele ongajwayelekile kodwa onolaka. I-IBC yakha kuphela phakathi kwawo wonke amacala omdlavuza webele.

Ngalesi simo, amaseli avimba ama-lymph node aseduze kwamabele, ngakho-ke izitsha ze-lymph esifubeni azikwazi ukukhipha kahle. Esikhundleni sokwakha isimila, i-IBC ibangela ukuthi ibele lakho livuvuke, libukeke libomvu, futhi lizizwe lifudumele kakhulu. Isifuba esinomdlavuza singabonakala sishayekile futhi siwugqinsi, njengekhasi le-orange.

I-IBC ingaba nolaka kakhulu futhi ingathuthuka ngokushesha. Ngalesi sizathu, kubalulekile ukubiza udokotela wakho ngokushesha uma ubona noma yiziphi izimpawu. Thola okuningi nge-IBC nezimpawu ezingadala lokho.

Umdlavuza webele ongena kathathu

Umdlavuza webele ongena kathathu kungenye yezinhlobo zezifo ezingavamile, ezithinta kuphela abantu abangamaphesenti ayishumi kuya kwayi-20 abanomdlavuza webele. Ukuze kutholakale ukuthi unomdlavuza webele ongahleli kathathu, isimila kufanele sibe nalezi zici ezintathu ezilandelayo:

  • Ayinayo i-estrogen receptors. Lawa ngamamukeli kumaseli abopha, noma anamathisele, ku-hormone estrogen. Uma isimila sine-estrogen receptors, i-estrogen ingashukumisa umdlavuza ukuba ukhule.
  • Ayinawo ama-progesterone receptors. Lawa ma-receptor amangqamuzana abopha i-hormone progesterone. Uma isimila sine-progesterone receptors, iprogesterone ingashukumisa umdlavuza ukuba ukhule.
  • Ayinawo amanye amaprotheni we-HER2 ebusweni bawo. I-HER2 yiprotheni ebhebhethekisa ukukhula komdlavuza webele.

Uma isimila sihlangabezana nalezi zindlela ezintathu, sibizwa ngokuthi ngumdlavuza webele onezinhlungu eziphindwe kathathu. Lolu hlobo lomdlavuza webele lunokuthambekela kokukhula nokusabalala ngokushesha okukhulu kunezinye izinhlobo zomdlavuza webele.

Umdlavuza webele ongena kathathu kunzima ukuwelapha ngoba ukwelashwa kwamahomoni komdlavuza webele akusebenzi. Funda ngezindlela zokwelashwa namazinga okusinda womdlavuza webele webele wesithathu.

Umdlavuza webele we-Metastatic

Umdlavuza webele we-Metastatic elinye igama lesigaba sesine somdlavuza webele. Kungumdlavuza webele osabalale kusukela esifubeni sakho waya kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba wakho, njengamathambo akho, amaphaphu, noma isibindi.

Lesi yisigaba esithuthukile somdlavuza webele. I-oncologist yakho (udokotela womdlavuza) uzokwakha uhlelo lokwelashwa ngenhloso yokumisa ukukhula nokusabalala kwesimila noma izicubu. Funda ngezinketho zokwelashwa komdlavuza we-metastatic, kanye nezici ezithinta umbono wakho.

Umdlavuza webele wesilisa

Yize ngokuvamile benakho okuncane, amadoda anezicubu zamabele njengabesifazane. Abesilisa bangathola umdlavuza webele futhi, kepha kuyaqabukela kakhulu. Ngokwe-American Cancer Society (ACS), umdlavuza wamabele ungaphansi kakhulu kwabesilisa abamhlophe ngokuphindwe izikhathi eziyi-100 kunabesifazane abamhlophe, futhi uvame ngokuphindwe izikhathi ezingama-70 kwabesilisa abamnyama kunabesifazane abamnyama.

Lokho kusho ukuthi, umdlavuza webele owuthola abesilisa ubucayi njengowesifazane onomdlavuza webele. Ibuye ibe nezimpawu ezifanayo. Funda kabanzi ngomdlavuza webele emadodeni nezimpawu okufanele uzibuke.

Izithombe zomdlavuza webele

Umdlavuza webele ungadala uhla lwezimpawu, futhi lezi zimpawu zingavela ngokuhlukile kubantu abahlukene.

Uma ukhathazekile ngendawo noma ushintsho esifubeni sakho, kungasiza ukwazi ukuthi yiziphi izinkinga zesifuba empeleni umdlavuza obukeka ngazo. Funda kabanzi mayelana nezimpawu zomdlavuza webele, bese ubona izithombe ukuthi zingabukeka kanjani.

Izigaba zomdlavuza webele

Umdlavuza webele ungahlukaniswa ngezigaba kuya ngokuthi isimila noma izicubu zikhulu kangakanani nokuthi zisabalale kangakanani. Imidlavuza emikhulu kanye / noma ehlasele izicubu noma izitho eziseduze isezingeni eliphakeme kunomdlavuza omncane futhi / noma usaqukethwe ebeleni. Ukuze benze umdlavuza webele, odokotela kudingeka bazi:

  • uma umdlavuza uhlasela noma ungangenisi
  • ukuthi sikhulu kangakanani isimila
  • ngabe ama-lymph node ayabandakanyeka yini
  • uma umdlavuza ususabalele ezicutshini noma ezithweni eziseduze

Umdlavuza webele unezigaba ezinhlanu eziyinhloko: izigaba 0 kuye ku-5.

Isigaba 0 umdlavuza webele

Isigaba 0 yiDCIS. Amaseli womdlavuza e-DCIS ahlala avaleleke emapayipini asesifubeni futhi awasabalalanga ezicutshini eziseduze.

Isigaba 1 umdlavuza webele

  • Isigaba 1A: Isigaxa sokuqala singamasentimitha ama-2 ububanzi noma ngaphansi futhi ama-lymph node awathinteki.
  • Isigaba 1B: Umdlavuza utholakala kuma-lymph node aseduze, futhi noma ngabe awunaso isimila esifubeni, noma isimila sincane kuno-2 cm.

Isigaba 2 somdlavuza webele

  • Isigaba 2A: Isimila sincane kuno-2 cm futhi sesisabalalele kuma-lymph node aseduze no-1-3, noma siphakathi kuka-2 no-5 cm futhi asisakazekanga kunoma yimaphi ama-lymph node.
  • Isigaba 2B: Isimila siphakathi kuka-2 no-5 cm futhi sesisabalalele ku-1-3 axillary (armpit) lymph nodes, noma sikhulu kuno-5 cm futhi asisakazekanga kunoma yimaphi ama-lymph node.

Isigaba 3 somdlavuza webele

  • Isigaba 3A:
    • Umdlavuza usabalalele kuma-lymph node angama-4 kuya kuma-9 noma ukhulise ama-lymph node angaphakathi, futhi isimila sokuqala singaba yinoma yisiphi isayizi.
    • Izimila zingaphezu kuka-5 cm kanti umdlavuza ususabalele kuma-lymph node noma ama-axillary 1-3.
  • Isigaba 3B: Isimila sihlasele udonga lwesifuba noma isikhumba futhi kungenzeka noma kungenzeka singangeni ku-9 lymph node.
  • Isigaba 3C: Umdlavuza utholakala kuma-lymph node ayi-10 noma ngaphezulu, ama-lymph node eduze ne-collarbone, noma ama-nmmary node angaphakathi.

Isigaba 4 umdlavuza webele

Umdlavuza webele wesigaba 4 ungaba nesimila sanoma iluphi usayizi, futhi amangqamuzana alo omdlavuza asabalalele kuma-lymph node aseduze nakude nakwezitho ezikude.

Ukuhlolwa okwenziwa udokotela wakho kuzonquma isigaba somdlavuza webele wakho, esizothinta ukwelashwa kwakho. Thola ukuthi zelashwa kanjani izigaba zomdlavuza webele ezahlukahlukene.

Ukuxilongwa komdlavuza webele

Ukuthola ukuthi ngabe izimpawu zakho zibangelwa umdlavuza webele noma isimo sesifuba esibi, udokotela wakho uzokwenza ukuhlolwa okuphelele komzimba ngaphezu kokuhlolwa kwesifuba. Bangase futhi bacele ukuhlolwa okukodwa noma okuningi ukuze kusizakale ukuqonda ukuthi yini ebangela izimpawu zakho.

Ukuhlolwa okungasiza ukuxilonga umdlavuza webele kufaka:

  • I-Mammogram. Indlela ejwayelekile yokubona ngezansi kwesifuba sakho ukuhlolwa kwesithombe okubizwa ngokuthi yi-mammogram. Abesifazane abaningi abaneminyaka engama-40 nangaphezulu bathola ama-mammograms minyaka yonke ukuze bahlole umdlavuza webele. Uma udokotela wakho esola ukuthi ungaba nesimila noma indawo esolisayo, bazocela ne-mammogram. Uma indawo engavamile ibonakala ku-mammogram yakho, udokotela wakho angacela ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe.
  • I-Ultrasound. I-ultrasound yebele isebenzisa amagagasi omsindo ukwakha isithombe sezicubu ezijulile esifubeni sakho. I-ultrasound ingasiza udokotela wakho ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwesisindo esiqinile, njenge-tumor, ne-cyst enobungozi.

Udokotela wakho futhi angaphakamisa ukuhlolwa okufana ne-MRI noma i-biopsy yebele. Funda ngezinye izivivinyo ezingasetshenziswa ukuthola umdlavuza webele.

Ukuhlolwa kwesifuba

Uma udokotela wakho esola umdlavuza webele, banga-oda i-mammogram kanye ne-ultrasound. Uma zombili lezi zivivinyo zingakwazi ukutshela udokotela wakho uma unomdlavuza, udokotela wakho angenza isivivinyo esibizwa nge-biopsy yebele.

Ngalesi sivivinyo, udokotela wakho uzosusa isampula lezicubu endaweni esolisayo ukuze ahlolwe. Kunezinhlobo eziningi zama-biopsies webele. Ngezinye zalezi zivivinyo, udokotela wakho usebenzisa inaliti ukuthatha isampula lezicubu. Nabanye, benza imbobo esifubeni sakho bese besusa isampula.

Udokotela wakho uzothumela isampula lezicubu elabhorethri. Uma ukuhlolwa kwesampula kunomdlavuza, ilebhu ingawuhlola ngokuqhubekayo ukuze utshele udokotela wakho ukuthi unhloboni yomdlavuza onayo. Funda kabanzi mayelana nama-biopsies webele, ukuthi ungayilungiselela kanjani, nokuthi yini ongayilindela.

Ukwelashwa komdlavuza webele

Isigaba sakho somdlavuza webele, sesihlasele ibanga elingakanani (uma sinaso), nokuthi sikhulu kangakanani isimila sonke sidlala indima enkulu ekunqumeni ukuthi yiluphi uhlobo lokwelashwa oludingayo.

Ukuqala, udokotela wakho uzonquma usayizi womdlavuza wakho, isigaba, kanye nebanga lakho (ukuthi kungenzeka likhule futhi lisakazeke kangakanani). Ngemuva kwalokho, ungaxoxa ngezinketho zakho zokwelashwa. Ukuhlinzwa kuyindlela yokwelashwa ejwayelekile yomdlavuza webele. Abesifazane abaningi banezinye izindlela zokwelashwa, njenge-chemotherapy, i-targeted therapy, i-radiation, noma i-hormone therapy.

Ukuhlinzwa

Izinhlobo eziningi zokuhlinzwa zingasetshenziswa ukususa umdlavuza webele, kufaka phakathi:

  • I-Lumpectomy. Le nqubo isusa isimila nezinye izicubu ezizungezile, ishiye lonke isifuba linganyakazi.
  • Ukuzivocavoca umzimba. Kule nqubo, udokotela ohlinzayo ususa lonke ibele.Ku-mastectomy ephindwe kabili, womabili amabele ayasuswa.
  • I-Sentinel node biopsy. Lokhu kuhlinzwa kususa ama-lymph node ambalwa athola amanzi avela kulesimila. La ma-lymph node azohlolwa. Uma bengenawo umdlavuza, kungenzeka ungadingi ukuhlinzwa okwengeziwe ukuze ususe ama-lymph node amaningi.
  • Ukuhlukaniswa kwe-lymph node ye-Axillary. Uma ama-lymph node asuswe ngesikhathi se-sentinel node biopsy aqukethe amangqamuzana omdlavuza, udokotela wakho angasusa ama-lymph node angeziwe.
  • I-mastectomy ye-Contralateral prophylactic. Noma umdlavuza wamabele ungaba khona ebeleni elilodwa kuphela, abanye besifazane bakhetha ukuba ne-contralateral prophylactic mastectomy. Lokhu kuhlinzwa kususa isifuba sakho esinempilo ukunciphisa ingozi yokuba nomdlavuza webele futhi.

Ukwelashwa ngemisebe

Ngokwelapha ngemisebe, imishayo yamandla emisebe ephezulu isetshenziselwa ukukhomba nokubulala amangqamuzana omdlavuza. Izindlela eziningi zokwelapha ngemisebe zisebenzisa imisebe yangaphandle yomsebe. Le ndlela isebenzisa umshini omkhulu ngaphandle komzimba.

Intuthuko ekwelashweni komdlavuza yenze nodokotela bakwazi ukukhipha umdlavuza ngaphakathi emzimbeni. Lolu hlobo lokwelashwa ngemisebe lubizwa ngokuthi i-brachytherapy. Ukwenza i-brachytherapy, odokotela abahlinzayo bafaka imbewu enomsakazo, noma amaphilisi, ngaphakathi komzimba eduze nendawo yesimila. Imbewu ihlala lapho isikhathi esifushane futhi isebenza ukubhubhisa amangqamuzana omdlavuza.

Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali

I-Chemotherapy yimithi yokwelapha esetshenziselwa ukuqeda amangqamuzana omdlavuza. Abanye abantu bangathola i-chemotherapy bebodwa, kepha lolu hlobo lwezokwelapha luvame ukusetshenziswa kanye nezinye izindlela zokwelapha, ikakhulukazi ukuhlinzwa.

Kwezinye izimo, odokotela bakhetha ukunikeza iziguli i-chemotherapy ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa. Ithemba ukuthi ukwelashwa kuzonciphisa isimila, bese kuthi ukuhlinzwa kungadingi ukuthi kuhlasele. I-Chemotherapy inemiphumela emibi eminingi engadingeki, ngakho-ke xoxa nodokotela wakho ngokukhathazeka kwakho ngaphambi kokuqala ukwelashwa.

Ukwelashwa kweHormone

Uma uhlobo lwakho lomdlavuza webele luzwela kumahomoni, udokotela wakho angakuqala ekwelashweni kwehomoni. I-Estrogen ne-progesterone, ama-hormone amabili abesifazane, angakhuthaza ukukhula kwezimila zomdlavuza webele. Ukwelashwa kweHormone kusebenza ngokuvimba ukukhiqizwa komzimba wakho kwalawa mahomoni, noma ngokuvimba ama-hormone receptors kumaseli womdlavuza. Lesi senzo singasiza ekunciphiseni futhi mhlawumbe kumise ukukhula komdlavuza wakho.

Imithi

Ukwelashwa okuthile kuklanyelwe ukuhlasela okungajwayelekile noma ukuguqulwa okuthile ngaphakathi kwamangqamuzana omdlavuza. Isibonelo, i-Herceptin (trastuzumab) ingavimba ukukhiqizwa komzimba wakho kweprotheni ye-HER2. I-HER2 isiza amangqamuzana omdlavuza webele ukuthi akhule, ngakho-ke ukuthatha umuthi wokunciphisa ukukhiqizwa kwale phrotheni kungasiza ekunciphiseni ukukhula komdlavuza.

Udokotela wakho uzokutshela kabanzi nganoma iyiphi indlela yokwelashwa abakuncomela yona. Funda kabanzi mayelana nokwelashwa komdlavuza webele, nokuthi amahomoni athinta kanjani ukukhula komdlavuza.

Ukunakekelwa komdlavuza webele

Uma uthola isigaxa noma ibala elingajwayelekile esifubeni sakho, noma unezinye izimpawu zomdlavuza webele, yenza isikhathi sokubonana nodokotela wakho. Amathuba amahle ukuthi akuwona umdlavuza webele. Isibonelo, kunezinye izimbangela eziningi ezingaba khona zezigaxa zamabele.

Kepha uma inkinga yakho iba ngumdlavuza, khumbula ukuthi ukwelashwa kusenesikhathi kuyisihluthulelo. Umdlavuza webele osezingeni lokuqala ungalashwa futhi welapheke uma utholakala ngokushesha ngokwanele. Umdlavuza webele omude uvunyelwe ukukhula, ukwelashwa okunzima kakhulu kuba.

Uma usuvele uthole ukuxilongwa komdlavuza webele, khumbula ukuthi ukwelashwa komdlavuza kuyaqhubeka nokuthuthuka, njengoba kunjalo nemiphumela. Ngakho-ke landela uhlelo lwakho lokwelashwa bese uzama ukuhlala unethemba. Thola okuningi ngombono wezigaba ezahlukahlukene zomdlavuza webele.

Wande kangakanani umdlavuza webele?

I-Cancer Breast Healthline uhlelo lokusebenza lwamahhala kubantu ababhekane nokuxilongwa komdlavuza webele. Uhlelo lokusebenza luyatholakala ku-App Store naku-Google Play. Landa lapha.

Ngokusho komdlavuza webele, umdlavuza ovame kakhulu kubantu besifazane. Ngokwezibalo ze-ACS, kulindeleke ukuthi kutholakale iziguli ezintsha ezingama-268,600 zomdlavuza webele ezihlasela e-United States ngonyaka ka-2019. Umdlavuza webele ohlasele umdlavuza osusabalale kusuka emapayinini noma kwizindlala kuya kwezinye izingxenye zesifuba. Bangaphezu kuka-41 000 abesifazane okulindeleke ukuthi babulawe yilesi sifo.

Umdlavuza webele nawo ungatholakala emadodeni. I-ACS ibuye ilinganisele ukuthi ngonyaka wezi-2019, amadoda angaphezu kuka-2 600 azotholakala, kuthi cishe amadoda angama-500 abulawe yilesi sifo. Thola kabanzi mayelana nezinombolo zomdlavuza webele emhlabeni jikelele.

Izici ezinobungozi zomdlavuza webele

Kunezici eziningana zobungozi ezandisa amathuba akho okuthola umdlavuza webele. Kodwa-ke, ukuba nanoma ikuphi kwalokhu akusho ukuthi nakanjani uzosithuthukisa lesi sifo.

Ezinye izinto ezinobungozi azikwazi ukugwenywa, njengomlando womndeni. Ungashintsha ezinye izinto eziyingozi, njengokubhema. Izici zobungozi zomdlavuza webele zifaka:

  • Ubudala. Ingozi yakho yokuthuthukisa umdlavuza webele inyuka njengoba ukhula. Iningi lomdlavuza webele ongenayo utholakala kwabesifazane abaneminyaka engaphezu kwengama-55.
  • Ukuphuza utshwala. Ukuphuza ngokweqile utshwala kukhulisa ingozi yakho.
  • Ukuba nezicubu zamabele eziminyene. Izicubu zamabele eziminyene zenza ama-mammograms kube nzima ukuwafunda. Futhi kwandisa ingozi yokuba nomdlavuza webele.
  • Ubulili. Mhlophe abesifazane banamathuba aphindwe kalikhulu okuba nomdlavuza webele kunabesilisa abamhlophe, kanti abesifazane abamnyama banamathuba aphindwe ngama-70 okuba nomdlavuza webele kunabesilisa abamnyama.
  • Izakhi zofuzo. Abesifazane abanezinguquko zofuzo ze-BRCA1 ne-BRCA2 basemathubeni amaningi okuba nomdlavuza webele kunabesifazane abangenayo. Okunye ukuguqulwa kwezakhi zofuzo nakho kungathinta ingozi yakho.
  • Ukuya esikhathini kokuqala. Uma ngabe ube nesikhathi sakho sokuqala ngaphambi kweminyaka engu-12, unengozi enkulu yomdlavuza webele.
  • Ukubeletha esemdala. Abesifazane abangenayo ingane yabo yokuqala kuze kube ngemuva kweminyaka yobudala engama-35 banengozi eyengeziwe yomdlavuza webele.
  • Ukwelashwa kweHormone. Abesifazane abathathe noma abathatha imishanguzo ye-postmenopausal estrogen kanye ne-progesterone ukunciphisa izimpawu zabo zezimpawu zokunqamuka kokuya esikhathini basengozini enkulu yomdlavuza webele.
  • Ubungozi obuzuzwe njengefa. Uma isihlobo sowesifazane esiseduze sibe nomdlavuza webele, unengozi enkulu yokuwukhulisa. Lokhu kufaka unyoko, ugogo wakho, udadewenu, noma indodakazi yakho. Uma ungenawo umlando womdlavuza webele womndeni, usengaba nomdlavuza webele. Eqinisweni, iningi labesifazane ababa nalo abanalo umlando womndeni walesi sifo.
  • Ukunqamuka kokuya esikhathini sekwephuzile kuqala. Abesifazane abangaqali ukunqamuka kokuya esikhathini kuze kube ngemuva kweminyaka yobudala engama-55 maningi amathuba okuba nomdlavuza webele.
  • Ungalokothi ukhulelwe. Abesifazane abangakaze bakhulelwe noma abangakaze bakhulelwe isikhathi esigcwele banamathuba amaningi okuba nomdlavuza webele.
  • Umdlavuza webele wangaphambilini. Uma uke waba nomdlavuza webele esifubeni esisodwa, unengozi eyengeziwe yokuthola umdlavuza webele kwesinye isifuba sakho noma endaweni ehlukile yebele elithintwe ngaphambilini.

Izinga lokusinda komdlavuza webele

Izinga lokusinda komdlavuza webele liyahlukahluka kakhulu ngokuya ngezici eziningi. Izici ezimbili ezibaluleke kakhulu uhlobo lomdlavuza onalo nesigaba somdlavuza ngesikhathi uthola ukuxilongwa. Ezinye izinto ezingadlala indima zibandakanya iminyaka yakho, ubulili, kanye nohlanga.

Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi amazinga okusinda komdlavuza webele ayathuthuka. Ngokwe-ACS, ngo-1975, izinga lokusinda kweminyaka emihlanu yomdlavuza webele kwabesifazane lalingamaphesenti angama-75.2. Kepha kwabesifazane abatholakala phakathi kuka-2008 no-2014, bekungamaphesenti angama-90.6. Izinga lokusinda leminyaka emihlanu lomdlavuza webele liyahluka ngokuya ngesiteji lapho kutholakala ukuxilongwa, kusuka kumaphesenti angama-99 kumdlavuza owenziwe wasendaweni, wesigaba sokuqala kuya kumaphesenti angama-27 emdlavuza osezingeni eliphakeme, we-metastatic. Thola kabanzi mayelana nezibalo zokusinda nezici ezibathintayo.

Ukuvimbela umdlavuza webele

Yize kunezinto ezinobungozi ongeke uzilawule, ukulandela indlela yokuphila enempilo, ukuthola ukuhlolwa okuvamile, nokuthatha noma yiziphi izindlela zokuvimbela ezinconyelwa udokotela wakho kungasiza ekunciphiseni ubungozi bokuba nomdlavuza webele.

Izici zendlela yokuphila

Izici zokuphila zingathinta ingozi yomdlavuza webele. Isibonelo, abesifazane abakhuluphele kakhulu basengozini enkulu yokuba nomdlavuza webele. Ukugcina ukudla okunempilo nokuvivinya umzimba okuningi kungakusiza wehlise isisindo futhi wehlise ubungozi bakho.

Ukuphuza kakhulu utshwala nakho kwandisa ubungozi bakho. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ngokuba neziphuzo ezimbili noma ngaphezulu ngosuku, nokuphuza ngokweqile. Kodwa-ke, isifundo esisodwa sathola ukuthi ngisho nesiphuzo esisodwa ngosuku sandisa amathuba okuba nomdlavuza webele. Uma uphuza utshwala, khuluma nodokotela wakho ukuthi bangakanani inani abakuncomela lona.

Ukuhlolwa umdlavuza webele

Ukuba nama-mammograms avamile kungahle kungavimbeli umdlavuza webele, kepha kungasiza ekunciphiseni izingqinamba ezizotholakala zingabonakali. I-American College of Physicians (ACP) inikeza izincomo ezilandelayo ezijwayelekile zabesifazane abasengozini enkulu yomdlavuza webele:

  • Abesifazane abaneminyaka engama-40 kuya kwengama-49: I-mammogram yonyaka ayinconywa, kepha abesifazane kufanele baxoxe ngokuthanda kwabo nodokotela babo.
  • Abesifazane abaneminyaka engama-50 kuya kwengama-74: Kunconywa i-mammogram njalo ngonyaka.
  • Abesifazane abaneminyaka engama-75 nangaphezulu: AmaMammograms awasanconywa.

I-ACP iphinde yancoma ngokumelene nama-mammograms kwabesifazane abanesikhathi sokuphila seminyaka eyi-10 noma ngaphansi.

Lezi imihlahlandlela kuphela, nezincomo ezivela kwi-American Cancer Society (ACS) ziyehluka. Ngokwe-ACS, abesifazane kufanele babe nethuba lokuthola ukuhlolwa minyaka yonke beneminyaka engama-40 ubudala, baqale ukuhlolwa minyaka yonke beneminyaka engama-45, bese beya ekuhlolweni okubili eminyakeni engama-55 ubudala.

Izincomo ezikhethekile zama-mammograms zihlukile kowesifazane ngamunye, ngakho-ke khuluma nodokotela wakho ukubona ukuthi kufanele yini uthole ama-mammograms ajwayelekile.

Ukwelashwa kokulungiselela

Abanye besifazane basengozini enkulu yomdlavuza webele ngenxa yezici zofuzo. Isibonelo, uma umama noma ubaba wakho enokuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo kwe-BRCA1 noma i-BRCA2, usengozini enkulu yokuba nakho futhi. Lokhu kukhulisa kakhulu amathuba okuba nomdlavuza webele.

Uma usengozini yalokhu kuguquka, khuluma nodokotela wakho mayelana nezinketho zokwelashwa kwakho zokuxilonga kanye neprophylactic. Ungahle ufune ukuvivinywa ukuthola ukuthi unalo yini ushintsho. Futhi uma ufunda ukuthi unayo, xoxa nodokotela wakho nganoma yiziphi izinyathelo zokuzikhethela ongazithatha ukunciphisa ingozi yokuthola umdlavuza webele. Lezi zinyathelo zingafaka i-prophylactic mastectomy (ukukhishwa kwesifuba okuhlinzwa).

Ukuhlolwa kwamabele

Ngaphezu kwama-mammograms, izivivinyo zebele kungenye indlela yokubheka izimpawu zomdlavuza webele.

Ukuzivivinya

Abesifazane abaningi bazihlola amabele. Kungcono ukwenza lokhu kuhlolwa kanye ngenyanga, ngasikhathi sinye njalo ngenyanga. Ukuhlolwa kungakusiza ujwayelane nokuthi amabele akho abukeka kanjani futhi azizwe kanjani ukuze wazi noma yiziphi izinguquko ezenzekayo.

Khumbula, noma kunjalo, ukuthi i-ACS ibheka lezi zivivinyo njengokuzikhethela, ngoba ucwaningo lwamanje alukhombisanga inzuzo ecacile yezivivinyo zomzimba, noma ngabe zenziwa ekhaya noma ngudokotela.

Ukuhlolwa kwesifuba ngudokotela wakho

Imihlahlandlela efanayo yokuzihlola ngokwakho enikezwe ngenhla iyiqiniso ekuhlolweni kwamabele okwenziwe udokotela wakho noma omunye umhlinzeki wezokunakekelwa kwempilo. Ngeke zikulimaze, futhi udokotela wakho angenza ukuhlolwa kwebele ngesikhathi sokuvakasha kwakho konyaka.

Uma unezimpawu ezikukhathazayo, kuwumqondo omuhle ukuthi udokotela wakho ahlolwe amabele. Ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa, udokotela wakho uzohlola womabili amabele akho ukuthola izindawo ezingavamile noma izimpawu zomdlavuza webele. Udokotela wakho futhi angahlola ezinye izingxenye zomzimba wakho ukubona ukuthi izimpawu onazo kungenzeka yini ukuthi zihlobene nesinye isimo. Funda kabanzi ngalokho udokotela wakho angakubheka ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwebele.

Ukuqwashisa ngomdlavuza webele

Ngenhlanhla kwabesifazane nabesilisa emhlabeni wonke, abantu namuhla bazi ngokwengeziwe ngezinkinga ezihambisana nomdlavuza webele. Imizamo yokuqwashisa ngomdlavuza webele isize abantu ukuthi bafunde ukuthi yiziphi izinto eziyingozi, ukuthi bangehlisa kanjani izinga labo lobungozi, ukuthi yiziphi izimpawu okufanele bazibheke, nokuthi yiziphi izinhlobo zokuhlola okufanele ngabe bazithola.

Inyanga Yokuqwashisa Ngomdlavuza Webele ibanjwa njalo ngo-Okthoba, kepha abantu abaningi bayalisabalalisa leli zwi unyaka wonke. Bheka lawa mabhulogi omdlavuza webele ukuze uthole ukuqonda komuntu wokuqala kwabesifazane abaphila nalesi sifo ngothando nangamahlaya.

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