Ingabe ukukhwehlela okomile kuwuphawu lwe-HIV?

-Delile

• Ukukhwehlela okomile
• Ingabe zikhona ezinye izimpawu ze-HIV?
• Idluliselwa kanjani i-HIV?
• Ubani osengozini ye-HIV?
• Itholakala kanjani i-HIV?
• Ongakwenza uma une-HIV
• Ungakuvimbela kanjani ukudluliswa kwe-HIV

Ukuqonda i-HIV

I-HIV yigciwane elihlasela amasosha omzimba. Iqonde ngqo i-subset yamaseli amhlophe egazi aziwa ngokuthi ama-T cell. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukulimala kwamasosha omzimba kwenza kube nzima ngomzimba ukulwa nezifo nezinye izifo. Ngokwe-World Health Organisation, abantu baphila ne-HIV. Mayelana nabantu bathola ukwelashwa nge-HIV ngonyaka wezi-2015.

Uma iyekwa ingalashwa, i-HIV ingaqhubekela phambili ibe yi-AIDS, eyaziwa nangokuthi isigaba 3 HIV. Abantu abaningi abane-HIV ngeke baqhubeke nokwakha isigaba 3 se-HIV. Kubantu abanegciwane lesigaba sesithathu i-HIV, amasosha omzimba anciphise kakhulu. Lokhu kwenza kube lula ukuthi izifo ezithatha amathuba kanye nomdlavuza zithathe izintambo futhi ziholele empilweni ebhedayo. Abantu abane-HIV yesigaba 3 futhi abangayitholi imishanguzo yayo basinda iminyaka emithathu.

Ukukhwehlela okomile

Yize ukukhwehlela okomile kuyimpawu ejwayelekile ye-HIV, akusona isizathu esanele sokukhathazeka. Ukukhwehlela okwomile ngezikhathi ezithile kungenzeka ngezizathu ezahlukahlukene. Isibonelo, ukukhwehlela kungenzeka ngenxa yesinusitis, i-acid reflux, noma ukuphendula emoyeni obandayo.

Kufanele ubone udokotela wakho uma ukukhwehlela kwakho kuqhubeka. Bangabona ukuthi ngabe zikhona yini izimbangela eziyisisekelo. Udokotela wakho uzoqhuba ukuhlolwa okuphelele, okungafaka i-X-ray yesifuba ukuthola imbangela. Uma unezici zobungozi be-HIV, udokotela wakho angasikisela ukuhlolwa kwe-HIV.

Ingabe zikhona ezinye izimpawu ze-HIV?

Ezinye izimpawu zokuqala ze-HIV zifaka:

• izimpawu ezinjengomkhuhlane, njengomkhuhlane ongaphezu kuka-100.4 ° F (38 ° C), ukugodola, noma ubuhlungu bemisipha
• ukuvuvukala kwama-lymph node entanyeni nasekhwapheni
• isicanucanu
• ukuncipha kokudla
• ukuqubuka entanyeni, ebusweni, noma esifubeni esingenhla
• izilonda

Abanye abantu kungenzeka bangazitholi izimpawu ezigabeni zokuqala. Abanye bangathola kuphela uphawu olulodwa noma ezimbili.

Njengoba leli gciwane liqhubeka, amasosha omzimba aba buthakathaka.Abantu abane-HIV esezingeni eliphakeme bangathola okulandelayo:

• ukutheleleka kwemvubelo yesitho sangasese sowesifazane
• i-thrush yomlomo, engadala ukuthi amabala amhlophe athambekele ekubeni nobuhlungu futhi aphume
• i-esophageal thrush, engaholela ebunzimeni bokugwinya

Idluliselwa kanjani i-HIV?

I-HIV isakazeka ngoketshezi lomzimba, kufaka phakathi:

• igazi
• ubisi lwebele
• uketshezi lwesitho sangasese sowesifazane
• uketshezi olungunxande
• uketshezi lwangaphambi kwesidoda
• isidoda

Igciwane lesandulela ngculaza lidluliswa uma olunye lwalezi ziketshezi zomzimba lungena egazini lakho. Lokhu kungenzeka ngomjovo oqondile, noma ngekhefu esikhunjeni noma ulwelwesi lwamafinyila. Ulwelwesi lwamafinyila lutholakala ekuvulekeni kwepipi, isitho sangasese sowesifazane, kanye ne-rectum.

Abantu bavame ukudlulisa i-HIV ngenye yalezi zindlela:

• ukuya ocansini ngomlomo, ngesitho sangasese sowesifazane noma sangasese kungavikelwe amakhondomu
• ukwabelana noma ukusebenzisa kabusha izinaliti lapho ujova izidakamizwa noma uthola i-tattoo
• ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, ukubeletha, noma ukuncelisa (yize abesifazane abaningi abaphila ne-HIV bekwazi ukuba nezingane ezinempilo, ezingenayo i-HIV ngokuthola ukunakekelwa okuhle ngaphambi kokubeletha)

I-HIV ayitholakali ngomjuluko, amathe, noma umchamo. Awukwazi ukudlulisela igciwane kothile ngokubathinta noma ngokuthinta indawo abayithintile.

Ubani osengozini ye-HIV?

I-HIV ingathinta noma ngubani ngaphandle kokubheka:

• ubuhlanga
• ukuthambekela kwezocansi
• umjaho
• ubudala
• ubulili

Amaqembu athile anengozi enkulu yokuthola i-HIV kunamanye.

Lokhu kufaka:

• abantu abaya ocansini ngaphandle kwamakhondomu
• abantu abanesinye isifo esithathelwana ngocansi (STI)
• abantu abasebenzisa izidakamizwa zomjovo
• amadoda alala namadoda

Ukuba seqenjini elilodwa noma amaningi kulawa akusho ukuthi uzothola i-HIV. Ubungozi bakho bunqunywa kakhulu ngokuziphatha kwakho.

Itholakala kanjani i-HIV?

Udokotela wakho angathola kuphela i-HIV ngokuhlola igazi okufanele. Indlela ejwayelekile kunazo zonke ukuhlolwa kwe-immunosorbent (ELISA) okuxhunyaniswe ne-enzyme. Lokhu kuhlolwa kukala ama-antibody akhona egazini lakho. Uma kutholakala amasosha omzimba e-HIV, ungathatha isivivinyo sesibili ukuqinisekisa imiphumela etholakele. Lokhu kuhlolwa kwesibili kubizwa nge- an. Uma ukuhlolwa kwakho kwesibili nakho kuveza imiphumela ethembekile, udokotela wakho uzokubheka ukuthi une-HIV.

Kungenzeka ukuthi uhlolelwe i-HIV ukuthi awunayo i-HIV ngemuva kokuvezwa yigciwane. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi umzimba wakho awukhiqizi amasosha omzimba ngokushesha ngemuva kokuchayeka kuleligciwane. Uma ungenwe yigciwane, la ma-antibodies ngeke abekhona amasonto amane kuya kwayisithupha ngemuva kokuvezwa. Le nkathi kwesinye isikhathi ibizwa ngokuthi "inkathi yefasitela." Uma uthola umphumela ongemuhle futhi ucabanga ukuthi uvezwe yileli gciwane, kufanele uphinde uhlolwe futhi emavikini amane kuya kwayisithupha.

Ongakwenza uma une-HIV

Uma kutholakala ukuthi une-HIV, unezinketho. Yize i-HIV ingalapheki njengamanje, ivame ukulawulwa ngokusetshenziswa kwemishanguzo yokuthithibalisa leli gciwane. Uma uyiphuza ngendlela efanele, lo muthi ungakhuphula izinga lempilo yakho futhi uvikele ukuqala kwesigaba 3 se-HIV.

Ngaphezu kokuthatha imithi yakho, kubalulekile ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho njalo, futhi ubazise nganoma yiziphi izinguquko ezimpawu zakho. Kufanele futhi utshele abantu owake wabenza nabo ocansini ukuthi une-HIV.

Ungakuvimbela kanjani ukudluliswa kwe-HIV

Ngokuvamile abantu basabalalisa i-HIV ngokuxhumana ngokocansi. Uma uhlanganyela ocansini, unganciphisa ubungozi bokuthola noma ukusabalalisa igciwane ngokwenza okulandelayo:

• Yazi isimo sakho. Uma uya ocansini, zihlolele i-HIV nezinye izifo zocansi.
• Yazi isimo se-HIV somlingani wakho. Khuluma nabalingani bakho bezocansi ngesimo sabo ngaphambi kokuhlanganyela ocansini.
• Sebenzisa ukuvikelwa. Ukusebenzisa ikhondomu ngendlela efanele ngaso sonke isikhathi uma uya ocansini lomlomo, lwesitho sangasese sowesifazane noma sangasese kunganciphisa kakhulu ingozi yokudluliswa.
• Cabanga ngabalingani abambalwa ocansini. Uma unabalingani abaningi ocansini, maningi amathuba okuba nomlingani one-HIV noma enye i-STI. Lokhu kungakhuphula ubungozi bokuthola i-HIV.
• Thatha i-pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). I-PrEP iza ngesimo sephilisi lansuku zonke lezidambisigciwane. Wonke umuntu osengozini eyengeziwe ye-HIV kufanele athathe le mithi, ngokwesincomo esivela e-US Preventive Services Task Force.

Uma ucabanga ukuthi usengozini ye-HIV, ungacela udokotela wakho nge-post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP). Le mithi inganciphisa ubungozi bokuthola igciwane ngemuva kokuvezwa okungenzeka. Ukuze uthole imiphumela emihle, kufanele uyisebenzise kungakapheli amahora angama-72 wokuvezwa okungaba khona.