Mangaki Amalunga AseMzimbeni Womuntu?

-Delile

• Zingaki izinhlobo zamalunga emzimbeni womuntu?
• Izinhlobo zamalunga ahanjiswa ngokukhululeka
• Ukudla okudlela endlini

Umbuzo wokuthi mangaki amalunga emzimbeni womuntu unzima ukuwuphendula ngoba kuya ngokuhlukahluka okuningi. Lokhu kufaka:

• Incazelo yamalunga. Abanye bachaza ukuhlangana njengephuzu lapho kuthinteka khona amathambo ama-2. Abanye basikisela ukuthi kuyiphuzu lapho amathambo exhuma khona ngenhloso yokuhambisa izitho zomzimba.
• Ukufakwa kwama-sesamoid. AmaSesamoid ngamathambo afakwe ngaphakathi kumathambo, kepha awaxhunywanga kwamanye amathambo. I-patella (kneecap) yi-sesamoid enkulu kunazo zonke. La mathambo ayahluka ngobuningi kumuntu nomuntu.
• Iminyaka yomuntu. Izingane ziqala ngamathambo angama-270. Amanye ala mathambo ahlangana ndawonye ngesikhathi sokukhula. Abantu abadala banamathambo angama-206 abizwa ngamagama, nama-80 emathanjeni e-axial kanye no-126 emathanjeni asezithweni.

Ngamafuphi, ayikho impendulo eqondile yalo mbuzo. Inani elilinganisiwe liphakathi kuka-250 no-350.

Zingaki izinhlobo zamalunga emzimbeni womuntu?

Umzimba womuntu unezinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko zamalunga. Bahlukaniswe ngokunyakaza abakuvumelayo:

• Ama-Synarthroses (angenakunyakaziswa). Lawa amalunga alungisiwe noma anemicu. Achazwa njengamathambo amabili noma ngaphezulu asondelene anganyakazi. Amathambo ogebhezi ayisibonelo. Amalunga angenakunyakaziswa phakathi kwamapuleti ogebhezi ayaziwa njengama-sutures.
• Ama-Amphiarthroses (ahanjiswa kancane). Eyaziwa nangokuthi amalunga e-cartilaginous, la malungu achazwa njengamathambo amabili noma ngaphezulu abanjwe ngokuqina ndawonye ukuthi kunganyakaza okulinganiselwe kuphela. I-vertebrae yomgogodla izibonelo ezinhle.
• I-Diarthroses (ihanjiswa ngokukhululekile). Okwaziwa nangokuthi amalunga we-synovial, la malungu ane-synovial fluid evumela zonke izingxenye zejoyini ukuthi zihambisane kahle. Lawa amalunga avame kakhulu emzimbeni wakho. Izibonelo zifaka amalunga afana nedolo nehlombe.

Izinhlobo zamalunga ahanjiswa ngokukhululeka

Kunezinhlobo eziyisithupha zamajoyini e-diarthrosis (synovial) asuswa ngokukhululeka:

• Ukuhlangana kwebhola nesokhethi. Ukuvumela ukunyakaza kuzo zonke izinhlangothi, ibhola nokuhlangana kwesokhethi kufaka ikhanda eliyindilinga lethambo elilodwa elihleli enkomishini yelinye ithambo. Izibonelo zifaka ukuhlangana kwehlombe lakho nejoyinti lakho le-hip.
• I-hinge ngokuhlanganyela. Ijoyinti le-hinge lifana nomnyango, ukuvula nokuvala ohlangothini olulodwa, ngendiza eyodwa. Izibonelo zifaka ukuhlangana kwakho kwendololwane kanye nokuhlangana kwamadolo akho.
• Ilungu le-Condyloid. Ijoyini le-condyloid livumela ukunyakaza, kepha akukho ukujikeleza. Izibonelo zifaka amalunga omunwe wakho kanye nomhlathi wakho.
• Ilunga lePivot. Ijoyinti le-pivot, elibizwa nangokuthi ilunga elijikelezayo noma elihlangene ne-trochoid, libonakala ngethambo elilodwa elingaguquleka eringini elenziwe ngethambo lesibili. Izibonelo amalunga phakathi kwamathambo akho e-ulna kanye ne-radius azungezisa ingalo yakho, kanye nokuhlangana phakathi kwe-vertebrae yokuqala neyesibili entanyeni yakho.
• I-gliding joint. Ijoyini lokundiza libizwa nangokuthi ukujoyina indiza. Yize ivumela ukunyakaza okulinganiselwe kuphela, ibonakala ngezindawo ezibushelelezi ezingashelela ngaphezulu. Isibonelo ukuhlangana esihlakaleni sakho.
• Isihlanganisi sehhashi. Yize ilunga lesihlalo sehhashi lingakuvumeli ukuzungeza, linika amandla ukunyakaza ubheke emuva naphambili futhi eceleni. Isibonelo ilunga elingaphansi kwesithupha sakho.

Ukudla okudlela endlini

Uhlelo lwamathambo omuntu omdala lunokwakhiwa okuyinkimbinkimbi okubandakanya amathambo angama-206 aqanjwe ngoxhaxha, imisipha, imisipha, nezinhlobo ezintathu zamalunga:

• ama-synarthroses (angenakunyakaziswa)
• ama-amphiarthroses (ahanjiswa kancane)
• ama-diarthroses (ahanjiswa ngokukhululeka)

Yize inani langempela lamajoyinti kunoma yimuphi umuntu oyedwa lincike ezinhlotsheni eziningi, inani elilinganisiwe liphakathi kuka-250 no-350.