I-pneumonia: Izeluleko Zokuvimbela

-Delile

• Ukubuka konke
• Izimbangela
• Umuthi wokugomela inyumoniya
• Izexwayiso nemiphumela engemihle
• Amathiphu okuvimbela
• Amathiphu wokululama
• Ukudla okudlela endlini

Ukubuka konke

I-pneumonia ukutheleleka kwamaphaphu. Ayidluliseli, kepha ivame ukubangelwa ukutheleleka okuphezulu okuphefumula emakhaleni nasemphinjeni, okungathathelana.

I-pneumonia ingenzeka kunoma ngubani, nganoma yisiphi isikhathi. Izingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka emibili kanye nabantu abadala abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-65 basengozini enkulu. Ezinye izinto ezinobungozi zifaka:

• ukuhlala endaweni yokunakekela abagulela ukufa noma esimweni sezikhungo
• usebenzisa umshini wokuphefumula
• ukulaliswa njalo esibhedlela
• amasosha omzimba abuthakathaka
• isifo samaphaphu esiqhubekayo, njengeCOPD
• isifuba somoya
• Isifo senhliziyo
• ukubhema osikilidi

Abantu abasengozini yokuphefumula i-pneumonia bafaka labo:

• ukuphuza ngokweqile noma izidakamizwa zokuzijabulisa
• banezinkinga zezokwelapha ezithinta i-gag reflex yabo, njengokulimala kwengqondo noma inkinga yokugwinya
• bayalulama ezinqubweni zokuhlinzwa ezazidinga i-anesthesia

I-aspiration pneumonia wuhlobo oluthile lokutheleleka kwamaphaphu okubangelwa ukuhogela ngengozi amathe, ukudla, uketshezi, noma ukuhlanza emaphashini akho. Akuthathelani.

Funda ukuze ufunde kabanzi ngezindlela zokuzivikela ku-pneumonia.

Izimbangela

I-pneumonia ivame ukwenzeka ngokulandela ukutheleleka okuphezulu kokuphefumula. Ukutheleleka okuphezulu okuphefumula kungavela emakhazeni noma emkhuhlane. Zibangelwa amagciwane, anjengegciwane, isikhunta, kanye namagciwane. Amagciwane angasakazwa ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene. Lokhu kufaka phakathi:

• ngokuxhumana, njengokuxhawulana noma ukuqabulana
• ngokusebenzisa umoya, ngokuthimula noma ngokukhwehlela ngaphandle kokumboza umlomo noma amakhala
• ngokusebenzisa indawo ethintwayo
• ezibhedlela noma ezikhungweni zezempilo ngokuxhumana nabahlinzeki bezempilo noma imishini

Umuthi wokugomela inyumoniya

Ukuthola umuthi wokugomela i-pneumonia kunciphisa, kepha akuqedi, ingozi yakho yokuthola inyumoniya. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zemigomo yokugomela i-pneumonia: umuthi wokugoma we-pneumococcal conjugate (PCV13 noma u-Prevnar 13) nomuthi wokugoma we-pneumococcal polysaccharide (PPSV23 noma iPneumovax23).

Umuthi wokugoma we-pneumococcal conjugate uvimbela izinhlobo ezi-13 zebhaktheriya ezidala izifo ezinkulu ezinganeni nakubantu abadala. I-PCV13 iyingxenye yenqubo ejwayelekile yokugoma izingane futhi ilawulwa udokotela wezingane. Ezinganeni, inikezwa njengochungechunge lwemithamo emithathu noma emine, eqala lapho inezinyanga ezimbili ubudala. Umthamo wokugcina unikezwa izingane ezinyangeni eziyi-15.

Kubantu abadala abaneminyaka engama-65 nangaphezulu, i-PCV13 inikezwa njengomjovo wesikhathi esisodwa. Udokotela wakho angancoma ukuvuselelwa kabusha eminyakeni emihlanu kuya kweyishumi. Abantu banoma yibuphi ubudala abanezinto eziyingozi, njengamasosha omzimba abuthakathaka, nabo kufanele bathole lo mgomo.

Umuthi wokugoma we-pneumococcal polysaccharide umuthi wokugoma one-dose owodwa ovikela izinhlobo ezingama-23 zamagciwane. Akunconyelwa izingane. I-PPSV23 inconyelwa abantu abadala abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-65 asebethole umuthi wokugoma we-PCV13. Lokhu kwenzeka cishe unyaka owodwa kamuva.

Abantu abaneminyaka engama-19 kuya kwengama-64 ababhemayo noma abanezimo ezandisa ubungozi be-pneumonia kufanele nabo bathole lo mgomo. Abantu abathola i-PPSV23 eneminyaka engama-65 ngokuvamile abadingi ukuvuselelwa kabusha ngemuva kwesikhathi.

Izexwayiso nemiphumela engemihle

Abantu abathile akufanele bathole umuthi wokugomela i-pneumonia. Kubandakanya:

• abantu abangenwe umuthi wokugoma noma yisiphi isithako esikuwo
• abantu ababenenkinga yokungezwani komzimba ne-PCV7, uhlobo lwangaphambilini lomuthi wokugoma we-pneumonia
• abesifazane abakhulelwe
• abantu abanomkhuhlane omkhulu, umkhuhlane, noma okunye ukugula

Yomibili imijovo yokugomela i-pneumonia ingaba nemiphumela engemihle. Lokhu kungafaka:

• ububomvu noma ukuvuvukala endaweni yomjovo
• ubuhlungu bemisipha
• imfiva
• Ukugodola

Izingane akufanele zithole umuthi wokugomela i-pneumonia nomuthi wokugomela umkhuhlane ngasikhathi sinye. Lokhu kungakhuphula ingozi yokuba nokuquleka okuhlobene nomkhuhlane.

Amathiphu okuvimbela

Kukhona izinto ongazenza esikhundleni noma ngaphezu komuthi wokugoma we-pneumonia. Imikhuba enempilo, esiza ukugcina amasosha akho omzimba aqinile, ingehlisa ingozi yokuthola inyumoniya. Inhlanzeko enhle nayo ingasiza. Izinto ongazenza zifaka:

• Gwema ukubhema.
• Geza izandla zakho njalo emanzini afudumele anensipho.
• Sebenzisa i-sanitizer yezandla esuselwa kotshwala lapho ungakwazi ukugeza izandla zakho.
• Gwema ukuchayeka kubantu abagulayo uma kungenzeka.
• Phumula ngokwanele.
• Yidla ukudla okunempilo okubandakanya izithelo eziningi, imifino, i-fiber, namaprotheni anciphile.

Ukubeka izingane nezinsana kude nabantu abanemikhuhlane noma imikhuhlane kungasiza ekunciphiseni ubungozi bazo. Futhi, qiniseka ukuthi ugcina amakhala amancane ahlanzekile futhi omile, futhi ufundise ingane yakho ukuthimula nokukhwehlela endololwaneni esikhundleni sesandla sayo. Lokhu kungasiza ukunciphisa ukusabalala kwamagciwane kwabanye.

Uma usuvele unomkhuhlane futhi ukhathazekile ukuthi ungaphenduka inyumoniya, khuluma nodokotela wakho ngezinyathelo ezisebenzayo ongazithatha. Amanye amathiphu afaka:

• Qiniseka ukuthi uthola ukuphumula okwanele ngenkathi usalulama emkhuhlaneni noma kwesinye isifo.
• Phuza uketshezi oluningi ukusiza ukuqeda isiminyaminya.
• Sebenzisa i-humidifier.
• Thatha izithasiselo, njengevithamini C ne-zinc, ukusiza ukuqinisa amasosha akho omzimba.

Amathiphu wokugwema inyumoniya yangemva kokuhlinzwa (i-pneumonia ngemuva kokuhlinzwa) ifaka phakathi:

• izindlela zokuphefumula ezijulile nokukhwehlela, udokotela wakho noma unesi azokuhambisa kukho
• ukugcina izandla zakho zihlanzekile
• ukugcina ikhanda lakho liphakeme
• ukuhlanzeka ngomlomo, okubandakanya isinqandakuvunda njenge-chlorhexidine
• uhleli ngangokunokwenzeka, futhi uhamba ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka

Amathiphu wokululama

Uma une-pneumonia ebangelwa ukutheleleka ngamagciwane, udokotela wakho uzokunikeza ama-antibiotic okufanele uwathathe. Ungadinga futhi izindlela zokuphefumula noma i-oxygen ngokuya ngezimpawu zakho. Udokotela wakho uzothatha isinqumo ngokuya ngezimpawu zakho.

Ungazuza futhi ngokuphuza umuthi wokukhwehlela uma ukukhwehlela kwakho kuphazamisa amandla akho okuphumula. Kodwa-ke, ukukhwehlela kubalulekile ekusizeni umzimba wakho ukukhipha i-phlegm emaphashini.

Ukuphumula nokuphuza iziphuzo eziningi kungakusiza ukuba usheshe ube ngcono.

Ukudla okudlela endlini

I-pneumonia iyinkinga eyinkinga enkulu yokutheleleka okuphezulu okuphefumula okusakazeka emaphashini. Kungabangelwa yizinhlobonhlobo zamagciwane, kufaka phakathi amagciwane kanye namagciwane. Izingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka emibili kanye nabantu abadala abaneminyaka engaphezu kwengama-65 banconyelwa ukuthola umuthi wokugomela i-pneumonia. Abantu banoma yimuphi ubudala abasengozini eyengeziwe kufanele nabo bathole umuthi wokugoma. Imikhuba enempilo nenhlanzeko enhle inganciphisa ubungozi bokuthola inyumoniya.