I-Hypokalemia

-Delile

• Ukubuka konke
• Ziyini izimpawu ze-hypokalemia?
• Yini ebangela i-hypokalemia?
• Yiziphi izinto ezinobungozi ze-hypokalemia?
• Itholakala kanjani i-hypokalemia?
• Yelashwa kanjani i-hypokalemia?
• Uyini umbono we-hypokalemia?
• Kuvinjelwa kanjani i-hypokalemia?
• Ukudla okunothe nge-potassium
• A:

Sifaka imikhiqizo esicabanga ukuthi ilusizo kubafundi bethu. Uma uthenga ngezixhumanisi ezikuleli khasi, singathola ikhomishini encane. Nansi inqubo yethu.

Ukubuka konke

I-Hypokalemia yilapho amazinga e-potassium egazi ephansi kakhulu. I-Potassium i-electrolyte ebalulekile yokusebenza kwamangqamuzana emisipha nemisipha, ikakhulukazi kumaseli emisipha enhliziyweni. Izinso zakho zilawula amazinga e-potassium omzimba wakho, okuvumela i-potassium eyeqile ukushiya umzimba ngomchamo noma ngomjuluko.

I-Hypokalemia ibizwa nangokuthi:

• isifo se-hypokalemic
• i-potassium syndrome ephansi
• i-hypopotassemia syndrome

I-hypokalemia emnene ayibangeli zimpawu. Kwezinye izimo, amazinga aphansi e-potassium angaholela ku-arrhythmia, noma isigqi senhliziyo esingajwayelekile, kanye nobuthakathaka obunzima bemisipha. Kepha lezi zimpawu zivame ukubuyela emuva ngemuva kokwelashwa. Funda ukuthi kusho ukuthini ukuba ne-hypokalemia nokuthi ungaselapha kanjani lesi simo.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-hypokalemia?

I-hypokalemia emnene ayikhombisi zimpawu noma zimpawu. Eqinisweni, izimpawu ngokuvamile aziveli kuze kube yilapho amazinga akho e-potassium ephansi kakhulu. Izinga elijwayelekile le-potassium lingu-3.6-5.2 millimoles ngelitha ngalinye (mmol / L).

Ukwazi izimpawu ze-hypokalemia kungasiza. Shayela udokotela wakho uma uhlangabezana nalezi zimpawu:

• ubuthakathaka
• ukukhathala
• ukuqunjelwa
• ukuqunjelwa kwemisipha
• ukushaya kwenhliziyo

Amaleveli angaphansi kuka-3.6 abhekwa njengaphansi, futhi noma yini engaphansi kuka-2.5 mmol / L iphansi ngokubeka impilo engcupheni, ngokusho kweMayo Clinic. Kulezi zigaba, kungaba khona izimpawu nezimpawu ze:

• ukukhubazeka
• ukwehluleka ukuphefumula
• ukuwohloka kwezicubu zemisipha
• ileus (amathumbu angamavila)

Ezimweni ezinzima kakhulu, kungenzeka isigqi esingajwayelekile. Lokhu kuvame kakhulu kubantu abathatha imishanguzo ye-digitalis (digoxin) noma abanezimo zesigqi senhliziyo ezingajwayelekile njenge:

• i-fibrillation, i-atrial noma i-ventricular
• i-tachycardia (ukushaya kwenhliziyo ngokushesha okukhulu)
• i-bradycardia (ukushaya kwenhliziyo kuhamba kancane)
• ukushaya kwenhliziyo ngaphambi kwesikhathi

Ezinye izimpawu zibandakanya ukulahlekelwa isifiso sokudla, isicanucanu nokuhlanza.

Yini ebangela i-hypokalemia?

Ungalahlekelwa yi-potassium eningi kakhulu ngomchamo, umjuluko, noma ukunyakaza kwamathumbu. Ukudla okunganele kwe-potassium namazinga aphansi we-magnesium kungaholela ku-hypokalemia. Isikhathi esiningi i-hypokalemia iwuphawu noma imiphumela emibi yezinye izimo nemithi.

Lokhu kufaka phakathi:

• I-Bartter syndrome, isifo esingajwayelekile sezinso zofuzo esidala ukungalingani kukasawoti ne-potassium
• IGitelman syndrome, isifo esingajwayelekile sezinso zofuzo esidala ukungalingani kwama-ion emzimbeni
• I-Liddle syndrome, isifo esingajwayelekile esidala ukwanda kwengcindezi yegazi kanye ne-hypokalemia
• I-Cushing syndrome, isimo esingajwayelekile ngenxa yokuchayeka isikhathi eside ku-cortisol
• ukudla izinto ezifana ne-bentonite (ubumba) noma i-glycyrrhizin (ku-licorice yemvelo nogwayi ohlafunwayo)
• isisu sokuchitha i-potassium, njenge-Thiazides, i-loop, ne-osmotic diuretics
• ukusetshenziswa isikhathi eside kwama-laxatives
• imithamo ephezulu ye-penicillin
• ketoacidosis sikashukela
• ukuncibilika ngenxa yokuphathwa ketshezi kwe-IV
• ukushoda kwe-magnesium
• izingqinamba ze-adrenal gland
• ukungondleki
• ukumuncwa kabi
• i-hyperthyroidism
• ukuduma okukhulu
• Izinhlobo ze-renal tubular acidosis I no-2
• ukuqhuma kwe-catecholamine, njengokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo
• izidakamizwa ezifana ne-insulin ne-beta 2 agonists esetshenziselwa i-COPD ne-asthma
• ubuthi be-barium
• i-hypokalemia yomndeni

Yiziphi izinto ezinobungozi ze-hypokalemia?

Izingozi zakho ze-hypokalemia zingakhuphuka uma:

• thatha imishanguzo, ikakhulukazi isisu esaziwayo esidala ukulahleka kwe-potassium
• babe nokugula isikhathi eside okubangela ukuphalaza noma isifo sohudo
• unesimo sezokwelapha njengalezi ezibalwe ngenhla

Abantu abanezimo zenhliziyo nabo banengozi ephezulu yezinkinga. Ngisho ne-hypokalemia emnene ingaholela kwizigqi zenhliziyo ezingavamile. Kubalulekile ukugcina izinga le-potassium elizungeze u-4 mmol / L uma unesimo sempilo esifana nokuhluleka kwenhliziyo okuyi-congestive, arrhythmias, noma umlando wokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo.

Itholakala kanjani i-hypokalemia?

Udokotela wakho uvame ukuthola ukuthi usengozini noma une-hypokalemia ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwegazi nomchamo ojwayelekile. Lezi zivivinyo zihlola amazinga amaminerali namavithamini egazini, kufaka phakathi amazinga e-potassium.

Yelashwa kanjani i-hypokalemia?

Umuntu one-hypokalemia futhi akhombisa izimpawu uzodinga ukulaliswa esibhedlela. Bazodinga nokuqapha kwenhliziyo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi isigqi senhliziyo yabo sijwayelekile.

Ukwelapha amazinga aphansi e-potassium esibhedlela kudinga indlela enezinyathelo eziningi:

1. Susa izimbangela: Ngemuva kokuthola imbangela eyisisekelo, udokotela wakho uzokunikeza ukwelashwa okufanele. Isibonelo, udokotela wakho angakunikeza imithi yokwehlisa isifo sohudo noma ukuhlanza noma ukushintsha imithi yakho.

2. Buyisela amazinga e-potassium: Ungathatha izithasiselo ze-potassium ukubuyisa amazinga aphansi e-potassium. Kepha ukulungisa amazinga e-potassium ngokushesha kungadala imiphumela emibi engafuneki njengezigqi zenhliziyo ezingavamile. Ezimweni zamazinga aphansi we-potassium, ungadinga i-IV drip yokulawulwa kwe-potassium elawulwayo.

3. Amazinga wokuqapha ngesikhathi sokuhlala esibhedlela: Esibhedlela, udokotela noma umhlengikazi uzohlola amazinga akho ukuqinisekisa ukuthi amazinga e-potassium awashintshi futhi abangele i-hyperkalemia esikhundleni salokho. Amazinga aphezulu e-potassium nawo angadala izinkinga ezinkulu.

Ngemuva kokuphuma esibhedlela, udokotela wakho angancoma ukudla okunothile nge-potassium. Uma udinga ukuthatha izithako ze-potassium, ziphuze uketshezi oluningi futhi noma, noma ngemuva, kokudla kwakho. Ungadinga futhi ukuthatha izithasiselo ze-magnesium njengoba ukulahleka kwe-magnesium kungenzeka ngokulahleka kwe-potassium.

Uyini umbono we-hypokalemia?

I-Hypokalemia iyelapheka. Ukwelashwa kuvame ukufaka ukwelashwa kwesimo esingaphansi. Iningi labantu lifunda ukulawula amazinga e-potassium ngokudla noma izithako.

Yenza i-aphoyintimenti nodokotela uma ukhombisa izimpawu ze-hypokalemia. Ukwelashwa nokuxilongwa kusenesikhathi kungasiza ekuvikeleni isimo ekukhuleni, ekuhlulekeni ukuphefumula, noma ezinkingeni zenhliziyo.

Kuvinjelwa kanjani i-hypokalemia?

Cishe amaphesenti angama-20 abantu ezibhedlela azobhekana ne-hypokalemia, kuyilapho kuphela iphesenti labantu abadala abasesibhedlela abane-hypokalemia. Udokotela noma umhlengikazi uzokuqapha ngesikhathi sokuhlala kwakho ukuvimbela i-hypokalemia ukuthi ingenzeki.

Funa usizo lwezempilo uma uhlanza noma uhanjiswa yisisu amahora angaphezu kwama-24-48. Ukuvimbela ukuqubuka kwesikhathi eside kokugula nokulahleka koketshezi kubalulekile ekugcineni i-hypokalemia ingenzeki.

Ukudla okunothe nge-potassium

Ukudla ukudla okunothe nge-potassium kungasiza ukuvimbela nokwelapha i-potassium yegazi ephansi. Xoxa nodokotela wakho ngokudla kwakho. Uzofuna ukugwema ukuthatha i-potassium eningi, ikakhulukazi uma uthatha izithasiselo ze-potassium. Imithombo emihle ye-potassium ihlanganisa:

• ukwatapheya
• ubhanana
• amakhiwane
• ikiwi
• amawolintshi
• isipinashi
• utamatisi
• ubisi
• uphizi nobhontshisi
• Ibhitela lamantongomane
• bran

Ngenkathi ukudla okuphansi kwe-potassium kungeyona imbangela ye-hypokalemia, i-potassium ibalulekile emisebenzini yomzimba enempilo. Ngaphandle kokuthi udokotela wakho akutshele ngenye indlela, ukudla ukudla okunothe ngokudla okune-potassium kuyisinqumo esinempilo.

A:

Izithako zokwengeza ze-potassium ziqukethe umthamo ophakeme kakhulu kunezithako ezithengiswa ekhawunteni. Kungakho zikhawulelwe ekusatshalalisweni ngemithi kadokotela kuphela. Kufanele zithathwe kuphela njengokuyalelwa ngudokotela wakho. Ukuphathwa okungafanele kungaholela kalula kwi-hyperkalemia, eyingozi njenge-hypokalemia. Udinga ukuqaphela futhi uthintane nodokotela wakho mayelana nokuthatha i-OTC potassium uma unesifo esingapheliyo sezinso noma uku-ACE inhibitor, i-angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB), noma i-spironolactone. I-Hyperkalemia ingakhula ngokushesha kulezi zimo uma uthatha noma yiluphi uhlobo lwe-potassium supplement.