Amasosha Omzimba kanye Nezinkinga

-Delile

• Isifinyezo
• Ayini amasosha omzimba?
• Yiziphi izingxenye zomzimba wokuzivikela ezifweni?
• Usebenza kanjani amasosha omzimba?
• Yiziphi izinhlobo zokuzivikela?
• Yini engonakala ngokungahambisani namasosha omzimba?

Isifinyezo

Ayini amasosha omzimba?

Amasosha akho omzimba ayi-network eyinkimbinkimbi yamaseli, izicubu, nezitho zomzimba. Ngokubambisana basiza umzimba ukulwa nezifo nezinye izifo.

Lapho amagciwane anjengebhaktheriya noma amagciwane ehlasela umzimba wakho, ahlasela futhi ande. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi ukutheleleka. Ukutheleleka kubanga isifo esikugulisayo. Amasosha akho omzimba akuvikela kulesi sifo ngokulwa namagciwane.

Yiziphi izingxenye zomzimba wokuzivikela ezifweni?

Amasosha omzimba anezingxenye eziningi ezahlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi

• Isikhumba sakho, esingasiza ukuvimbela amagciwane ukuthi angene emzimbeni
• Ulwelwesi lwamafinyila, okumanzi, ulwelwesi lwangaphakathi lwezitho ezithile nezimbotshana zomzimba. Zenza amafinyila nezinye izinto ezingabamba futhi zilwe namagciwane.
• Amaseli egazi amhlophe, alwa namagciwane
• Izitho nezicubu zohlelo lwe-lymph, njenge-thymus, ubende, amalaka, ama-lymph node, izitsha ze-lymph, nomnkantsha wethambo. Bakhiqiza, bagcine, futhi baphathe amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi.

Usebenza kanjani amasosha omzimba?

Amasosha omzimba wakho avikela umzimba wakho ezintweni azibona ziyingozi noma zangaphandle. Lezi zinto zibizwa ngama-antigen. Angaba amagciwane afana nama-bacterium kanye nama-virus. Kungaba ngamakhemikhali noma ubuthi. Kungaba ngamangqamuzana alimele ezintweni ezinjengomdlavuza noma ukushiswa yilanga.

Lapho amasosha akho omzimba ebona i-antigen, ayayihlasela. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi yi-immune response. Ingxenye yale mpendulo ukwenza ama-antibody. Ama-antibodies amaphrotheni asebenzela ukuhlasela, ukwenza buthakathaka, nokucekela phansi ama-antigen. Umzimba wakho wenza namanye amaseli ukulwa ne-antigen.

Ngemuva kwalokho, amasosha akho omzimba akhumbula i-antigen. Uma iphinda ibona i-antigen, ingayibona. Izothumela masisha amasosha omzimba alungile, ngakho ezimweni eziningi, awuguli. Lokhu kuvikelwa ezifweni ezithile kubizwa ngokuthi yi-immune.

Yiziphi izinhlobo zokuzivikela?

Kunezinhlobo ezintathu zokuzivikela:

• Ukuzivikela kwangaphakathi yisivikelo ozalwa unaso. Kungumugqa wokuqala wokuzivikela womzimba wakho. Kubandakanya izithiyo ezifana nesikhumba kanye nolwelwesi lwamafinyila. Zigcina izinto eziyingozi zingangeni emzimbeni. Kubandakanya namanye amaseli namakhemikhali angahlasela izinto zangaphandle.
• Ukuzivikela okusebenzayo, obizwa nangokuthi ukuzivikela komzimba okuguquguqukayo, kuba lapho utheleleka noma ugonyelwe into engaphandle. Ukuzivikela okusebenzayo kuvame ukuhlala isikhathi eside. Ngezifo eziningi, ingahlala impilo yakho yonke.
• Ukungatheleleki komzimba kwenzeka uma uthola ama-antibody esifo esikhundleni sokuwenza ngokusebenzisa amasosha akho omzimba. Isibonelo, izingane ezisanda kuzalwa zinamasosha omzimba avela konina. Abantu bangathola futhi amasosha omzimba ngokungenzi lutho ngemikhiqizo yegazi equkethe amasosha omzimba. Lolu hlobo lokuzivikela komzimba lukuvikela ngokushesha. Kepha kuhlala kuphela amasonto noma izinyanga ezimbalwa.

Yini engonakala ngokungahambisani namasosha omzimba?

Kwesinye isikhathi umuntu angaba nempendulo yokuzivikela ezifweni yize kungekho songo langempela. Lokhu kungaholela ezinkingeni ezifana ne-allergies, i-asthma, kanye nezifo ezizimele. Uma unesifo esizimele, amasosha akho omzimba ahlasela amaseli anempilo emzimbeni wakho ngephutha.

Ezinye izinkinga zamasosha omzimba zenzeka lapho amasosha akho omzimba engasebenzi kahle. Kulezi zinkinga kubalwa nezifo ezithinta ukoma komzimba. Uma unesifo se-immunodeficiency, ugula kaningi. Ukutheleleka kwakho kungahlala isikhathi eside futhi kungaba kubi kakhulu futhi kube nzima ukwelashwa. Imvamisa kuyizinkinga zofuzo.

Kunezinye izifo ezingathinta amasosha akho omzimba. Isibonelo, i-HIV yigciwane elimaza amasosha akho omzimba ngokucekela phansi amaseli akho amhlophe egazi. Uma i-HIV ingalashwa, ingaholela ku-AIDS (i-immunodeficiency syndrome). Abantu abanengculaza balimale kabi amasosha omzimba. Bathola inani elandayo lezifo ezinzima.