I-Immunotherapy Ye-Cancer Lung: Ingabe Iyasebenza?

-Delile

• Isebenza kanjani i-immunotherapy yomdlavuza wamaphaphu?
• Izithiyo zokuvikela izivikeli mzimba
• Amasosha omzimba angama-monoclonal
• Imishanguzo yomdlavuza wamaphaphu
• Amanye ama-immunotherapies
• Ubani umuntu olungele ukungena kwi-immunotherapy?
• Ingabe kuyasebenza?
• Imiphumela emibi yezidakamizwa ze-immunotherapy
• Ungaqala kanjani ukwelashwa
• Ukujoyina isilingo somtholampilo
• Uyini umbono?

Yini i-immunotherapy?

I-Immunotherapy iyindlela yokwelashwa esetshenziselwa ukwelapha ezinye izinhlobo zomdlavuza wamaphaphu, ikakhulukazi umdlavuza wamaphaphu weselula ongewona omncane. Ngezinye izikhathi ibizwa ngokuthi yi-biologic therapy noma i-biotherapy.

I-Immunotherapy isebenzisa izidakamizwa ezikhuthaza amasosha akho omzimba ukukhomba nokubhubhisa amangqamuzana omdlavuza. I-Immunotherapy iyindlela yokwelashwa ngokushesha lapho kutholakala umdlavuza wamaphaphu. Kwezinye izimo, isetshenziswa ngemuva kokuthi olunye uhlobo lwezokwelapha lufakazele ukuthi aluphumelelanga.

Isebenza kanjani i-immunotherapy yomdlavuza wamaphaphu?

Amasosha akho omzimba asebenza ukukuvikela ekuthelelekeni nasekuguleni. Amaseli akho omzimba aqeqeshelwe ukukhomba nokuhlasela izinto zakwamanye amazwe, ezinjengamagciwane kanye nezinto ezingezwani nomzimba, ezingena emzimbeni wakho.

Amasosha omzimba wakho angakhomba futhi ahlasele amangqamuzana omdlavuza. Kodwa-ke, amangqamuzana omdlavuza aletha izinselelo ezithile. Zingabonakala zifana namaseli aphilile, okwenza kube nzima ukuwathola. Ngaphezu kwalokho, bavame ukukhula futhi basakaze ngokushesha.

I-Immunotherapy ingasiza ukukhulisa amandla omzimba wakho wokulwa namaseli omdlavuza. Kunezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene ze-immunotherapy ezisebenza ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene.

Izithiyo zokuvikela izivikeli mzimba

Amasosha akho omzimba asebenzisa uhlelo lwama- “checkpoints” asuselwa emaprotheni ukuze aqiniseke ukuthi awahlaseli amaseli anempilo. Amaprotheni athile kufanele avulwe noma akhutshwe ukuze ahlasele amasosha omzimba.

Amaseli womdlavuza kwesinye isikhathi asizakala ngalezi zindawo zokuhlola ukugwema ukubhujiswa. Izidakamizwa ze-Immunotherapy ezivimbela izindawo zokuhlola zenza lokhu kube nzima kakhulu.

Amasosha omzimba angama-monoclonal

Ama-anti-monoclonal antibodies amaprotheni enziwe elebhu ahlangana nezingxenye ezithile zamangqamuzana omdlavuza. Zingasetshenziselwa ukuphatha imishanguzo, ubuthi noma izinto ezinemisebe eqonde ngqo kumaseli womdlavuza.

Imishanguzo yomdlavuza wamaphaphu

Imishanguzo yomdlavuza isebenza ngendlela efanayo naleyo yokugomela ezinye izifo. Bafaka ama-antigen, okuyizinto zangaphandle ezisetshenziselwa ukuqala ukuphendula kwamasosha omzimba kumaseli. Emithini yokugomela umdlavuza, ingasetshenziswa ukuhlasela amangqamuzana omdlavuza.

Amanye ama-immunotherapies

Eminye imishanguzo ye-immunotherapy iqinisa amasosha akho omzimba, ayenze iphumelele kakhulu ekulweni namaseli omdlavuza.

Ubani umuntu olungele ukungena kwi-immunotherapy?

Abaphenyi abaqondi ngokugcwele ukuthi ngubani ozuza kwi-immunotherapy nokuthi kungani. iphakamisa ukuthi i-immunotherapy ingasiza abantu abanomdlavuza ongewona omncane wamaphaphu, uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lomdlavuza wamaphaphu.

Ukwelashwa okuhlosiwe kubhekwa njengendlela yokwelashwa ephumelela kakhulu kubantu abanezicubu zamaphaphu ezinokushintshwa okuthile kwezakhi zofuzo.

I-Immunotherapy ingahle ingaphephi kubantu abane-autoimmune disorders - njengesifo sikaCrohn's, lupus, noma isifo samathambo - nalabo abanezifo ezinzima noma ezingalapheki.

Ingabe kuyasebenza?

I-Immunotherapy iseyindlela yokwelapha entsha yomdlavuza wamaphaphu, nezifundo eziningi eziqhubekayo njengamanje. Kuze kube manje, imiphumela iyathembisa impela.

Ucwaningo lomshayeli luhlolisise ukusebenza kwemithamo emibili ye-immunotherapy kubantu abanomdlavuza wamaphaphu wesifo samangqamuzana ongewona omncane abasebezohlinzwa. Yize usayizi wesampula ubuncane, abacwaningi bathole ukuthi amaphesenti angama-45 ababambiqhaza akhombise ukwehla okukhulu enanini lamangqamuzana omdlavuza lapho kususwa izicubu zawo.

Olunye ucwaningo lwasampula abantu abangama-616 abanomdlavuza wamaphaphu wesifo esiphakeme, ongelashwa omncane. Ababambiqhaza bakhethwa ngokungahleliwe ukuthola i-chemotherapy nge-immunotherapy noma i-chemotherapy ene-placebo.

Phakathi kwalabo abathola i-immunotherapy, isilinganiso sokusinda esilinganisiwe kwakungamaphesenti angama-69.2 ezinyangeni eziyi-12. Ngokuphambene nalokho, iqembu le-placebo lalinezinga lokusinda lezinyanga eziyi-12 elingamaphesenti angama-49.4.

I-Immunotherapy isivele iguqula indawo yokwelashwa yabantu abanomdlavuza wamaphaphu. Kodwa-ke, ayiphelele. Ocwaningweni lwakamuva, abantu abathole i-chemotherapy nge-immunotherapy kungenzeka ukuthi babhekane nemiphumela emibi kakhulu bese beqeda ukwelashwa kwabo kusenesikhathi ngokuqhathaniswa neqembu le-placebo.

Imiphumela emibi yezidakamizwa ze-immunotherapy

Izidakamizwa ze-immunotherapy zingadala imiphumela emibi. Ezinye zazo zifaka:

• ukuqunjelwa
• isifo sohudo
• ukukhathala
• ukulunywa
• ubuhlungu obuhlangene
• ukungabi nesifiso sokudla
• isicanucanu
• ukuqubuka kwesikhumba

Kwezinye izimo, i-immunotherapy ibangela ukuthi amasosha omzimba ahlasele ezithweni zakho. Lokhu kungaholela emiphumeleni emibi kakhulu futhi kwesinye isikhathi esongela impilo.

Uma uthola i-immunotherapy, kufanele ubike imiphumela emibi ethile ngokushesha. Udokotela wakho angakusiza unqume ukuthi udinga yini ukuyeka ukwelashwa.

Ungaqala kanjani ukwelashwa

I-immunotherapy namanje ayivamile njengezinye izindlela zokwelashwa komdlavuza. Kodwa-ke, odokotela abaningi ngokwengeziwe manje bayayinikeza. Iningi lalaba dokotela bangama-oncologists, okusho ukuthi bagxile ekwelapheni umdlavuza.

Ukuthola udokotela onganikeza i-immunotherapy, thintana nesikhungo sezempilo esikhethekile ekwelashweni komdlavuza. Ungacela nodokotela wakho ukuthi akunike izincomo.

I-Immunotherapy ingabiza futhi ayihlali ihlanganiswa nomshuwalense. Kuya ngokuthi uhlala kuphi nomhlinzeki wakho womshuwalense.

Ukujoyina isilingo somtholampilo

Izidakamizwa eziningi ze-immunotherapy zisaqhubeka nokuhlolwa komtholampilo. Lokho kusho ukuthi azange zivunywe yi-U.S. Food and Drug Administration futhi azikwazi ukunikezwa odokotela.

Abaphenyi basebenzisa izivivinyo zomtholampilo ukulinganisa ukuthi isebenza kanjani imithi eyodwa noma ngaphezulu. Abahlanganyeli ngokuvamile bangamavolontiya. Uma ungathanda ukubamba iqhaza esivivinyweni somtholampilo, udokotela wakho angakusiza ufunde kabanzi, kufaka phakathi izingozi nezinzuzo zokubamba iqhaza.

Uyini umbono?

Isikhathi kuphela esizotshela ukuthi i-immunotherapy isebenza kanjani ekwelapheni umdlavuza wamaphaphu. Okwamanje, kubonakala sengathi i-immunotherapy ingathuthukisa umbono wabantu abanomdlavuza ongewona omncane wamangqamuzana wamaphaphu. Ucwaningo luqhubeka ngokushesha kepha imiphumela yesikhathi eside izothatha iminyaka.