Ukutheleleka ngegazi: kuyini, izimpawu, izimbangela nokwelashwa

-Delile

• Izimpawu eziyinhloko
• Ingabe ukutheleleka ngegazi kuyingozi?
• Izimbangela ezingaba khona zokutheleleka ngegazi
• Ukuxilongwa kwenziwa kanjani
• Indlela yokwelapha

Ukutheleleka egazini kufana nokutholakala kwama-microorganism egazini, ikakhulukazi isikhunta namagciwane, okuholela ekubonakaleni kwezimpawu ezithile ezifana nomkhuhlane omkhulu, ukwehla kwengcindezi yegazi, ukukhuphuka kwenhliziyo nokuxokozela, ngokwesibonelo. Lapho ukutheleleka kungatholakali futhi kwelashwa kahle, i-microorganism ingasakazeka egazini futhi ifinyelele kwezinye izitho, okungaholela ezinkingeni nasekuhlulekeni kwesitho.

Ubucayi bokutheleleka buxhomeke ekutheleleni okuncane okutheleleka kanye nasempendulweni yomzimba womuntu onaleli gciwane, njengoba abantu abanamasosha omzimba abekeke engcupheni noma angasebenzi kahle bathinteka kakhulu kulolu hlobo lokutheleleka futhi ukwelashwa kuvame ukuba nzima kakhulu.

Ukwelashwa kokutheleleka egazini kwenziwa ngokuya nge-microorganism ekhonjwe ngokuhlolwa kwelabhorethri, futhi kungenziwa ngokusetshenziswa kwama-antibiotic noma ama-antifungals ngokusho kwesincomo sezokwelapha kanye nemiphumela yamasiko kanye nephrofayili yokuzwela kwama-microorganisms emithini.

Izimpawu eziyinhloko

Izimpawu zokutheleleka egazini zivela lapho kukhona inani elikhulu lamagciwane amancane egazini, okungaholela ekubonakaleni kwezimpawu nezimpawu ezithile, njenge:

• Umkhuhlane omkhulu;
• Izinga lokuphefumula lenyukile;
• Ukwehla komfutho wegazi;
• Ukunyuka kwenhliziyo;
• Ukulahleka kwenkumbulo noma ukudideka kwengqondo;
• Isiyezi;
• Ukukhathala;
• Ukugodola;
• Ukuhlanza noma isicanucanu;
• Ukudideka kwengqondo.

Lapho nje kutholakala izimpawu noma izimpawu zokutheleleka egazini, kubalulekile ukuya kudokotela ukuze kuhlolwe izimpawu ezichazwe yisiguli bese kucelwa ukuhlolwa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukutheleleka okusegazini, kanye nokwelashwa okufanele kakhulu ingaqalwa kungekudala ngemuva kwalokho ukuvimbela izinkinga.

Ingabe ukutheleleka ngegazi kuyingozi?

Ukutheleleka ngegazi kubi kakhulu kuye ngokuthi yi-microorganism ekhonjwe egazini kanye namandla omzimba okuphendula ekutheleleni. Ngakho-ke, izinsana ezisanda kuzalwa, asebekhulile kanye nabantu abanamasosha omzimba angasebenzi kahle kungenzeka babe nokutheleleka kwegazi okunzima kakhulu.

Amanye ama-microorganism anomthamo ophezulu wokutheleleka, akwazi ukusabalala ngokushesha futhi asabalale egazini, afinyelele kwezinye izitho futhi abonakalise ukushaqeka kweseptic noma i-septicemia. Uma lesi sifo singatholakali ngokushesha futhi silashwe ngendlela efanele, kungahle kube khona ukwehluleka kwesitho somzimba futhi kuholele ekufeni komuntu. Funda konke ngokushaqeka okubucayi.

Izimbangela ezingaba khona zokutheleleka ngegazi

Ukutheleleka egazini kungaba umphumela wokunye ukutheleleka, njengokutheleleka komgudu womchamo, inyumoniya noma i-meningitis, ngokwesibonelo, okuvela ngemuva kokuhlinzwa, ngenxa yokutheleleka kwamanxeba okuhlinzwa, noma ukubekwa kwamadivayisi wezokwelapha, njengama-catheters kanye namashubhu, ngokuba kuthathwa njengokutheleleka esibhedlela, okuhlobene nokunakekelwa kwezempilo. Yazi ukuthi yini ukutheleleka esibhedlela nokuthi ungakuvimbela kanjani.

Ukuxilongwa kwenziwa kanjani

Ukuxilongwa kokutheleleka egazini kwenziwa ikakhulukazi ngokuhlolwa kwelabhorethri inhloso yayo enkulu ukukhomba amagciwane akhona egazini, futhi kuboniswa isiko legazi, okuvame ukwenziwa ngesikhathi sokulaliswa esibhedlela.

Igazi eliqoqiwe lifakwa esitsheni esibizwa nge "bottle culture bottle" bese lithunyelwa elabhorethri liyohlaziywa. Ibhodlela lifakwa emishini ekwazi ukuhlinzeka ngemvelo efanelekile yokukhula kwama-microorganisms. Amabhodlela ahlala kokusebenza izinsuku ezi-7 kuya kwezingu-10, kepha-ke, amasiko amahle akhonjwa ezinsukwini ezi-3 zokuqala.

Ngemuva kokuthi ukutholakala kwesampula kutholakele, kwenziwa amanye amasu ngalesi sampula ukuthola i-ejenti ethelelanayo, ngaphezu kwe-antibiotic ukuhlola ukuthi imaphi ama-antimicrobials le microorganism ebucayi noma engazweli kuyo, ngakho-ke, kungenzeka kuchazwe ukwelashwa efaneleke kakhulu. Qonda ukuthi i-antibiotic yenziwa kanjani.

Ngaphezu kokuhlolwa kwe-microbiological, udokotela angakhombisa ukusebenza kwezinye izivivinyo zaselebhu ukuqinisekisa ukutheleleka nokuhlola ukuthi ukuzivikela komzimba kunjani, kanye nesilinganiso segazi kanye nomthamo we-C-reactive protein (CRP). Kwezinye izimo, kungacelwa nokuhlolwa umchamo, isiko lokukhishwa kwamanxeba, i-computed tomography kanye ne-ultrasound, kuthiwe lezi zimbili zakamuva zicelwe ukuthi ziqinisekise ukuthi i-microorganism isinabele yini kwezinye izitho.

Endabeni yokusolwa ngokutheleleka ngegazi ngamagciwane, kwenziwa ukuhlolwa kwe-serological nokwamangqamuzana ukuthola leli gciwane, ukugxila kwalo egazini, ngaleyo ndlela, kunqunywa ukwelashwa, ngoba amagciwane awatholakali ngesiko legazi.

Indlela yokwelapha

Ukwelashwa kwenziwa ngomuntu osesibhedlela futhi kusungulwa ngokuya ngamagciwane amancane atholakala egazini. Endabeni yokutheleleka ngamagciwane, kunconywa ukusetshenziswa kwama-antibiotic, okuchazwa ngokuya ngephrofayili yokuzwela kwamagciwane. Endabeni yokutheleleka kwefungal, ukusetshenziswa kwama-antifungal kuboniswa ngokusho komphumela we-antifungigram. Ngokuvamile, ama-antimicrobials afakwa ngqo emthanjeni ukuze isenzo esimelene ne-microorganism senzeke ngokushesha okukhulu nangempumelelo.

Kunganconywa futhi ukuthi usebenzise imishanguzo yokwengeza umfutho wegazi, kanye namanani amancane we-corticosteroids kanye ne-insulin ukulawula amazinga kashukela egazini.