Ngingamsiza Kanjani Othandekayo Wami Ukwenza Izinqumo Ezinolwazi Oluthe xaxa Ngokuphathwa Kwabo UParkinson?

-Delile

• Imithi ye-Dopamine
• ICarbidopa-levodopa
• Ama-agonists eDopamine
• Ama-inhibitor e-MAO B
• Ama-COMT inhibitors
• Ezinye izidakamizwa zikaParkinson
• Ama-anticholinergics
• I-Amantadine
• Ukunamathela esimisweni sokwelashwa
• Kwenzekani lapho imithi kaParkinson iyeka ukusebenza
• Ukudla okudlela endlini

Abaphenyi abakakatholi ukwelashwa kwesifo sikaParkinson, kepha izindlela zokwelapha zisuka kude kule minyaka edlule. Namuhla, kunemithi ehlukahlukene ehlukahlukene nezinye izindlela zokwelapha ezilawula izimpawu ezinjengokuthuthumela nokuqina.

Kubalulekile ukuthi othandekayo wakho aphuze imishanguzo yakhe njengoba nje udokotela ekuyalele. Unganikela futhi ngezikhumbuzi zokusekela nezomnene.

Ukuze ube wusizo, udinga ukwazi ukuthi imiphi imithi elapha isifo sika-Parkinson, nokuthi isebenza kanjani.

Imithi ye-Dopamine

Abantu abane-Parkinson’s abanakho ukuntuleka kwe-dopamine, okuyikhemikhali yobuchopho esiza ukugcina ukunyakaza kubushelelezi. Yingakho abantu abanesimo behamba kancane futhi benemisipha eqinile. Izidakamizwa eziyinhloko ezisetshenziselwa ukwelapha umsebenzi kaParkinson ngokwandisa inani le-dopamine ebuchosheni.

ICarbidopa-levodopa

Isidakamizwa esibizwa ngelevodopa, noma i-L-DOPA, besilokhu siyindlela yokwelapha isifo seParkinson kusukela ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yama-1960. Iyaqhubeka nokuba ngumuthi osebenza kakhulu ngoba ingena esikhundleni se-dopamine elahlekile ebuchosheni.

Iningi labantu abanesifo sikaParkinson bazothatha i-levodopa isikhathi esithile ngesikhathi sokwelashwa kwabo. ILevodopa iguqulwa ibe yi-dopamine ebuchosheni.

Imithi eminingi ihlanganisa i-levodopa ne-carbidopa. ICarbidopa ivimbela i-levodopa ukuthi ingahlehli emathunjini noma kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba bese iyiguqula ibe yi-dopamine ngaphambi kokuba ifinyelele ebuchosheni. Ukungeza i-carbidopa kusiza futhi ukuvimbela imiphumela emibi efana nesicanucanu nokuhlanza.

ICarbidopa-levodopa iza ngezindlela ezimbalwa ezihlukile:

• ithebhulethi (Parcopa, Sinemet)
• ithebhulethi ekhipha kancane ukuze imiphumela yayo ihlale isikhathi eside (i-Rytary, iSinemet CR)
• ukumnika okulethwa emathunjini ngokusebenzisa ithubhu (iDuopa)
• i-powder ehogelwayo (Inbrija)

Imiphumela emibi yale mithi ihlanganisa:

• isicanucanu
• isiyezi
• isiyezi lapho umile (i-orthostatic hypotension)
• ukukhathazeka
• ama-tics noma okunye ukunyakaza kwemisipha okungavamile (i-dyskinesia)
• ukudideka
• ukubona noma ukuzwa izinto ezingezona ezangempela (ukusangana)
• ubuthongo

Ama-agonists eDopamine

Le mithi ayiguquki ibe yi-dopamine ebuchosheni. Esikhundleni salokho, benza njenge-dopamine. Abanye abantu bathatha ama-dopamine agonists kanye ne-levodopa ukuvimbela izimpawu zabo ukuthi zingabuyi ngezikhathi lapho i-levodopa iphela.

Ama-agonists e-Dopamine afaka:

• pramipexole (Mirapex, Mirapex ER), ithebhulethi nethebhulethi ekhishwa enwetshiwe
• i-ropinirole (i-Requip, i-Requip XL), ithebhulethi nethebhulethi ekhishwa enwetshiwe
• i-apomorphine (i-Apokyn), umjovo osebenza okwesikhashana
• i-rotigotine (Neupro), isichibi

Le mithi idala eminye imiphumela emibi efana ne-carbidopa-levodopa, kufaka phakathi isicanucanu, isiyezi nokulala. Zingadala nokuziphatha okuphoqelela, njengokugembula nokudla ngokweqile.

Ama-inhibitor e-MAO B

Leli qembu lezidakamizwa lisebenza ngokwehlukile kune-levodopa yokwandisa amazinga e-dopamine ebuchosheni. Vimba i-enzyme ephula i-dopamine, eyandisa imiphumela ye-dopamine emzimbeni.

Ama-inhibitor e-MAO B afaka:

• i-selegiline (iZelapar)
• i-rasagiline (Azilect)
• i-safinamide (Xadago)

Le mithi ingadala imiphumela emibi efana nale:

• ukukhathazeka ukulala (ukulala)
• isiyezi
• isicanucanu
• ukuqunjelwa
• ukucasuka kwesisu
• ukunyakaza okungavamile (i-dyskinesia)
• ukusangana
• ukudideka
• ikhanda

Ama-inhibitor e-MAO B angaxhumana ngokuqinisekile:

• ukudla
• imishanguzo yamakhasimende
• imishanguzo kadokotela
• izithasiselo

Qiniseka ukuthi ukhuluma nodokotela wakho ngayo yonke imithi nezithasiselo ozithandayo ozithathayo.

Ama-COMT inhibitors

Izidakamizwa i-entacopine (Comtan) ne-tolcapone (Tasmar) nazo zivimba i-enzyme ediliza i-dopamine ebuchosheni. I-Stalevo isidakamizwa esihlanganisiwe esifaka phakathi i-carbidopa-levodopa kanye ne-COMT inhibitor.

Ama-COMT inhibitors adala imiphumela emibi efanayo ne-carbidopa-levodopa. Zingalimaza nesibindi.

Ezinye izidakamizwa zikaParkinson

Yize izidakamizwa ezandisa amazinga e-dopamine okuyizinto eziyinhloko zokwelashwa kukaParkinson, eminye imithi embalwa isiza ukulawula izimpawu.

Ama-anticholinergics

I-Trihexyphenidyl (Artane) ne-benztropine (Cogentin) inciphisa ukundindizela kwesifo sika-Parkinson. Imiphumela yabo emibi ifaka phakathi:

• amehlo nomlomo owomile
• ukuqunjelwa
• unenkinga yokukhipha umchamo
• izinkinga zememori
• ukudana
• ukusangana

I-Amantadine

Lesi sidakamizwa singasiza abantu abanesifo sokuqala sikaParkinson abanezimpawu ezincane kuphela. Kungabuye kuhlanganiswe nokwelashwa kwe-carbidopa-levodopa ezigabeni zakamuva zesifo.

Imiphumela emibi ifaka phakathi:

• ukuvuvukala kwemilenze
• isiyezi
• amabala esikhumbeni
• ukudideka
• amehlo nomlomo owomile
• ukuqunjelwa
• ubuthongo

Ukunamathela esimisweni sokwelashwa

Ukwelashwa kokuqala kwesifo sikaParkinson kulandela inqubo elula impela. Othandekayo wakho uzothatha i-carbidopa- levodopa izikhathi ezimbalwa ngosuku esimisweni esibekiwe.

Ngemuva kweminyaka embalwa ekwelashweni, amangqamuzana obuchopho alahlekelwa amandla awo okugcina i-dopamine futhi abe nokuzwela kakhulu kumuthi. Lokhu kungadala ukuthi umthamo wokuqala wemithi uyeke ukusebenza singakafiki isikhathi sethamo elilandelayo, elibizwa ngokuthi "ukuguga."

Uma lokhu kwenzeka, udokotela womuntu omthandayo uzosebenza nabo ukulungisa umthamo wemithi noma engeze omunye umuthi ukuvimbela izikhathi "zokuvala". Kungathatha isikhathi nokubekezela ukuthola uhlobo lomuthi nomthamo kahle.

Abantu abanesifo sikaParkinson abathathe i-levodopa iminyaka eminingana bangabuye bahlakulele i-dyskinesia, ebangela ukunyakaza okungazibandakanyi. Odokotela bangalungisa imishanguzo ukunciphisa i-dyskinesia.

Isikhathi sibaluleke kakhulu uma kukhulunywa ngokuthatha imithi kaParkinson. Ukulawula izimpawu, othandekayo wakho kufanele athathe imishanguzo yakhe ngomthamo ofanele nangesikhathi esifanele usuku ngalunye. Ungasiza ngesikhathi sokushintsha kwemithi ngokubakhumbuza ukuthi bathathe iphilisi labo ohlelweni olusha, noma ngokubathengela umshini wokuhambisa iphilisi ozenzakalelayo ukwenza ukulinganisa kube lula.

Kwenzekani lapho imithi kaParkinson iyeka ukusebenza

Namuhla, odokotela banemithi eminingi ehlukene yokulawula izimpawu zikaParkinson. Kungenzeka ukuthi othandekayo wakho athole umuthi owodwa - noma inhlanganisela yezidakamizwa - esebenza.

Ezinye izinhlobo zokwelashwa ziyatholakala, kufaka phakathi ukukhuthazeka kobuchopho okujulile (i-DBS). Kulokhu kwelashwa, ucingo olubizwa ngokuthi umthofu lufakwa ngokuhlinzwa engxenyeni yobuchopho elawula ukunyakaza. Intambo inamathiselwe kudivayisi enjenge-pacemaker ebizwa nge-impulse generator efakwe ngaphansi kokhololo. Lo mshini uthumela imishanguzo kagesi ukuze ivuselele ubuchopho futhi imise imizwa yobuchopho engajwayelekile edala izimpawu zikaParkinson.

Ukudla okudlela endlini

Ukwelashwa kukaParkinson kuhle kakhulu ekulawuleni izimpawu. Izinhlobo zezidakamizwa nemithamo oyithandayo ithatha ingadinga ukulungiswa eminyakeni edlule. Ungasiza ngale nqubo ngokufunda ngemithi etholakalayo, nangokunikeza ukusekelwa ukuze usize othandekayo wakho anamathele enkambisweni yakhe yokwelashwa.