Umlobi: Judy Howell
Usuku Lokudalwa: 28 Ujulayi 2021
Ukuvuselela Usuku: 9 Ufebhuwari 2025
Anonim
Diabetes medications - SGLT2 inhibitors - Canagliflozin (Invokana)
Ividiyo: Diabetes medications - SGLT2 inhibitors - Canagliflozin (Invokana)

-Delile

Yini i-Invokana?

I-Invokana ngumuthi kadokotela onegama lomuthi. Kuvunyelwe i-FDA ukuthi isetshenziswe kubantu abadala abane-type 2 diabetes ukuze:

  • Thuthukisa amazinga kashukela egazini. Ngalokhu kusetshenziswa, i-Invokana inqunyelwe ngaphezu kokudla nokuzivocavoca ukuze kwehliswe amazinga kashukela egazini.
  • Nciphisa ubungozi bezinkinga ezithile zenhliziyo. Ngalokhu kusetshenziswa, i-Invokana inikezwa abantu abadala abanesifo senhliziyo esaziwayo. Isetshenziselwa ukwehlisa ingozi yokuhlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo nokushaywa unhlangothi okungaholi ekufeni. Futhi umuthi usetshenziselwa ukunciphisa ubungozi bokufa okuvela enkingeni yenhliziyo noma yegazi.
  • Nciphisa ubungozi bezinkinga ezithile kubantu abane-nephropathy yesifo sikashukela nge-albinuria. Ngalokhu kusetshenziswa, i-Invokana inikezwa abantu abadala abathile abane-nephropathy yesifo sikashukela (ukulimala kwezinso okubangelwa yisifo sikashukela) nge-albuminuria * engaphezulu kwama-milligram angama-300 ngosuku. Isetshenziselwa ukwehlisa ubungozi be:
    • isifo sesinso sesigaba sokugcina
    • ukufa okubangelwa inkinga yenhliziyo noma yegazi
    • liphindwe kabili izinga legazi le-creatinine
    • isidingo sokulaliswa esibhedlela ngenxa yokwehluleka kwenhliziyo

Ngemininingwane engaphezulu ngalokhu kusetshenziswa kwe-Invokana nemikhawulo ethile yokusetshenziswa kwayo, bheka isigaba esithi "Invokana uses" ngezansi.


Imininingwane yezidakamizwa

I-Invokana iqukethe isidakamizwa i-canagliflozin. Kungokwesigaba semithi ebizwa nge-sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors. (Isigaba sezidakamizwa sichaza iqembu lemithi esebenza ngendlela efanayo.)

I-Invokana iza njengethebhulethi ethathwa ngomlomo. Itholakala ngamandla amabili: 100 mg kanye no-300 mg.

Ukusebenza ngempumelelo

Ngemininingwane ngokusebenza kuka-Invokana ngokusetshenziswa kwayo okugunyaziwe, bheka isigaba esithi "Ukusetshenziswa kwe-Invokana" ngezansi.

I-Invokana ejwayelekile

I-Invokana iqukethe isithako somuthi esisodwa esisebenzayo: i-canagliflozin. Itholakala kuphela njengomuthi wegama lomkhiqizo. Okwamanje ayitholakali ngendlela ejwayelekile. (Umuthi ojwayelekile uyikhophi eqondile yomuthi osebenzayo emithini enegama lomkhiqizo.)

Imiphumela emibi ye-Invokana

I-Invokana ingadala imiphumela emibi noma emibi. Uhlu olulandelayo luqukethe eminye yemiphumela emibi engaba khona ngenkathi uthatha i-Invokana. Lolu hlu alubandakanyi yonke imiphumela emibi engaba khona.

Ukuze ufunde kabanzi ngemiphumela engemihle engaba khona ye-Invokana noma ukuthi ungayilawula kanjani, khuluma nodokotela wakho noma usokhemisi.


Qaphela: Ukuphathwa Kwezokudla Nezidakamizwa (i-FDA) kulandelela imiphumela emibi yezidakamizwa eyivumile. Uma ungathanda ukwazisa i-FDA ngomphumela oseceleni obukade unawo nge-Invokana, ungakwenza lokho ngeMedWatch.

Imiphumela emibi ejwayelekile

Imiphumela emibi ejwayelekile ye-Invokana ingabandakanya *:

  • izifo zomgudu womchamo
  • ukuchama kaningi kunokujwayelekile
  • ukoma
  • ukuqunjelwa
  • isicanucanu
  • ukutheleleka kwemvubelo kwabesilisa nabesifazane
  • ukulunywa kwesitho sangasese sowesifazane

Iningi lalemiphumela emibi ingahle ihambe ezinsukwini ezimbalwa noma emasontweni ambalwa. Uma zinzima kakhulu noma zingahambi, khuluma nodokotela wakho noma usokhemisi.

Kufanele futhi ushayele udokotela wakho uma ucabanga ukuthi une-urinary tract infection noma imvubelo yokutheleleka.

Imiphumela emibi kakhulu

Imiphumela emibi ebucayi evela ku-Invokana ayivamile, kodwa ingenzeka. Shayela udokotela wakho ngokushesha uma unemiphumela emibi kakhulu. Shayela u-911 uma izimpawu zakho zizizwa zisongela impilo noma uma ucabanga ukuthi unezimo eziphuthumayo zezokwelapha.


Imiphumela emibi kanye nezimpawu zayo zingafaka okulandelayo:

  • Ukwehla kwamanzi emzimbeni (izinga loketshezi oluphansi), okungadala umfutho wegazi ophansi. Izimpawu zingafaka:
    • isiyezi
    • ngizizwe ngiphela amandla
    • ubumhlophe
    • ubuthakathaka, ikakhulukazi lapho usukuma
  • I-Hypoglycemia (izinga eliphansi likashukela egazini). Izimpawu zingafaka:
    • ukozela
    • ikhanda
    • ukudideka
    • ubuthakathaka
    • indlala
    • ukucasuka
    • ukujuluka
    • ukuzizwa jittery
    • ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo
  • Ukusabela okweqile komzimba. *
  • Ukunqunywa kwemilenze ephansi. *
  • I-ketoacidosis yesifo sikashukela (amazinga akhuphukile wamaketoni egazini lakho noma emchameni). *
  • I-Fournier's gangrene (ukutheleleka okunzima eduze kwesitho sangasese). *
  • Ukulimala kwezinso. *
  • Ukuqhekeka kwamathambo. *

Imininingwane yomphumela oseceleni

Ungase uzibuze ukuthi kaningi kangakanani imiphumela emibi ethile eba khona ngalo muthi. Nayi imininingwane ngemiphumela ethile eseceleni lo muthi ongahle ubange noma ungabanga.

Ukusabela okweqile

Njengezidakamizwa eziningi, abanye abantu bangaba ne-allergen reaction ngemuva kokuthatha i-Invokana. Ezifundweni zomtholampilo, abantu abangafika ku-4.2% abathatha i-Invokana babike ukuthi banokungazwani komzimba okuncane.

Izimpawu zokuphendula okuncane komzimba zingabandakanya:

  • ukuqubuka kwesikhumba
  • ukulunywa
  • ukuqhuma (ukufudumala, ukuvuvukala, noma ubomvu esikhumbeni sakho)

Ukusabela okweqile okwedlulele akuvamile kodwa kungenzeka. Bambalwa kuphela abantu abasezifundweni zokwelashwa ababike ukusabela okweqile okukhulu ngenkathi bethatha i-Invokana.

Izimpawu zokuphendula okweqile kakhulu zingabandakanya:

  • ukuvuvukala ngaphansi kwesikhumba sakho, imvamisa ezinkalweni zakho, izindebe, izandla, noma izinyawo
  • ukuvuvukala kolimi lwakho, umlomo, noma umphimbo
  • inkinga yokuphefumula

Shayela udokotela wakho khona manjalo uma unegciwane elibi ku-Invokana. Kodwa shayela ku-911 uma izimpawu zakho zizizwa zisongela impilo noma uma ucabanga ukuthi unezimo eziphuthumayo zezokwelapha.

Ukunqunywa

I-Invokana ingakhuphula ubungozi bokunqunywa izitho ezingezansi. (Ngokunqunywa, kukhunjulwa esinye sezitho zakho zomzimba.)

Izifundo ezimbili zithole ingozi eyengeziwe yokunqunywa izitho ezingezansi kubantu abathathe i-Invokana futhi babene:

  • thayipha 2 sikashukela nesifo senhliziyo, noma
  • thayipha isifo sikashukela sohlobo lwesibili futhi babesengozini yesifo senhliziyo

Ezifundweni, bafinyelela ku-3.5% abantu abathathe i-Invokana banqunywa isitho. Uma kuqhathaniswa nabantu abangasisebenzisanga lesi sidakamizwa, u-Invokana uyiphindaphinde ingozi yokunqunywa. Uzwane kanye ne-midfoot (indawo ye-arch) kwakuyizindawo ezivame kakhulu ukunqunywa. Kubikwe nokunye ukunqunywa umlenze.

Ngaphambi kokuba uqale ukuthatha i-Invokana, khuluma nodokotela wakho ngengozi yokunqunywa. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu uma uke wanqunywa isitho phambilini. Kubalulekile futhi uma unesifo sokujikeleza kwegazi noma ukuphazamiseka kwemizwa, noma izilonda ezinyaweni zikashukela.

Shayela udokotela wakho khona manjalo uyeke ukuthatha i-Invokana uma:

  • uzwe ubuhlungu obusha bonyawo noma isisa
  • babe nezilonda ezinyaweni noma izilonda
  • uthole ukutheleleka ngezinyawo

Shayela u-911 uma izimpawu zakho zizizwa zisongela impilo noma uma ucabanga ukuthi unezimo eziphuthumayo zezokwelapha. Uma uba nezimpawu noma izimo ezikhulisa ubungozi bakho bokunqunywa isitho esingezansi, udokotela wakho angakuyekisa ukuthatha i-Invokana.

Ukutheleleka kwemvubelo

Ukuthatha i-Invokana kwandisa ubungozi bokutheleleka ngemvubelo. Lokhu kuyiqiniso kwabesilisa nabesifazane, ngokusho kwedatha evela ekuhlolweni kwemitholampilo. Ezivivinyweni, kuze kufike ku-11.6% wabesifazane kanye no-4.2% wamadoda abanesifo semvubelo.

Kungenzeka ukuthi uthuthukise ukutheleleka kwemvubelo uma uke waba nakho esikhathini esedlule noma uma ungowesilisa ongasokile.

Uma uthola ukutheleleka ngemvubelo ngenkathi uthatha i-Invokana, khuluma nodokotela wakho. Bangaphakamisa izindlela zokwelapha.

I-ketoacidosis yesifo sikashukela

Yize kungavamile, abanye abantu abathatha i-Invokana bangaba nesimo esibi esibizwa nge-ketoacidosis yesifo sikashukela. Lesi simo senzeka lapho amaseli emzimbeni wakho engayitholi i-glucose (ushukela) ayidingayo ukuze athole amandla. Ngaphandle kwalolu shukela, umzimba wakho usebenzisa amafutha ukuthola amandla. Futhi lokhu kungaholela emazingeni aphezulu amakhemikhali ane-esidi okuthiwa ama-ketone egazini lakho.

Izimpawu zesifo sikashukela ketoacidosis zingafaka:

  • ukoma ngokweqile
  • ukuchama kaningi kunokujwayelekile
  • isicanucanu
  • ukuhlanza
  • ubuhlungu besisu
  • ukukhathala
  • ubuthakathaka
  • ukuphelelwa umoya
  • umoya onuka izithelo
  • ukudideka

Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, i-ketoacidosis yesifo sikashukela ingadala ikhoma noma ukufa. Uma ucabanga ukuthi ungaba ne-ketoacidosis yesifo sikashukela, shayela udokotela wakho ngokushesha. Kepha uma izimpawu zakho zinzima, shayela ku-911 noma uye egumbini lezimo eziphuthumayo eliseduze.

Ngaphambi kokuba uqale ukuthatha i-Invokana, udokotela wakho uzohlola ubungozi bakho bokuthuthukisa i-ketoacidosis yesifo sikashukela. Uma unengozi eyengeziwe yalesi simo, udokotela wakho angakuqapha eduze ngesikhathi sokwelashwa. Futhi kwezinye izimo, njengokuthi uyahlinzwa, bangakumisa okwesikhashana ukuthatha i-Invokana.

Isilonda sikaFournier

I-Fournier's gangrene iyisifo esingajwayelekile endaweni ephakathi kwezitho zakho zangasese ne-rectum. Izimpawu zingafaka:

  • ubuhlungu, isisa, ukuvuvukala, noma ukwenza reddening endaweni yakho yezitho zangasese noma i-rectal
  • imfiva
  • i-malaise (ukuzwa konke ukungakhululeki)

Abantu abasezivivinyweni zomtholampilo ze-Invokana abakutholanga ukulunywa yi-Fournier. Kodwa ngemuva kokuba lesi sidakamizwa sivunyelwe ukusetshenziswa, abanye abantu babika ukuthi banesilonda esibi sikaFournier ngenkathi bephuza i-Invokana noma ezinye izidakamizwa esigabeni esifanayo semithi. (Isigaba semithi sichaza iqembu lemithi elisebenza ngendlela efanayo.)

Amacala abucayi kakhulu wokulimala kukaFournier aholele ekulalisweni esibhedlela, ukuhlinzwa okuningi, noma ngisho nokufa.

Uma ucabanga ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi uhlaselwe yisilonda esibucayi sikaFournier, shayela udokotela wakho khona manjalo. Bangafuna ukuthi uyeke ukuthatha i-Invokana. Futhi bazoncoma ukwelashwa kokutheleleka.

Ukulimala kwezinso

Ukuthatha i-Invokana kungandisa ingozi yokulimala kwezinso. Izimpawu zokulimala kwezinso zingafaka:

  • ukuchama kaningi kunokujwayelekile
  • ukuvuvukala emilenzeni yakho, emaqakaleni, noma ezinyaweni
  • ukudideka
  • ukukhathala (ukungabi namandla)
  • isicanucanu
  • ubuhlungu besifuba noma ingcindezi
  • ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile
  • isithuthwane

Ngemuva kokuthi lesi sidakamizwa sivunyelwe ukusetshenziswa, abanye abantu abathatha i-Invokana babike ukuthi izinso zabo azisebenzi kahle. Lapho laba bantu beyeka ukuthatha i-Invokana, izinso zabo zaqala ukusebenza ngokujwayelekile futhi.

Kungenzeka ukuthi ube nezinkinga zezinso uma:

  • aphelelwe amanzi emzimbeni (anezinga eliphansi loketshezi)
  • unezinkinga zezinso noma zenhliziyo
  • thatha eminye imithi ethinta izinso zakho
  • badala kuneminyaka engama-65

Ngaphambi kokuba uqale ukuthatha i-Invokana, udokotela wakho uzohlola ukuthi izinso zakho zisebenza kahle kangakanani. Uma unezinkinga zezinso, ungahle ungakwazi ukuthatha i-Invokana.

Udokotela wakho angahlola nokuthi izinso zakho zisebenza kanjani ngesikhathi sokwelashwa kwakho no-Invokana. Uma bethola noma yiziphi izinkinga zezinso, bangaguqula umthamo wakho noma bayeke ukwelashwa kwakho nomuthi.

Ukuqhekeka kwamathambo

Esifundweni somtholampilo, abanye abantu abathathe u-Invokana babhekana nokuqhekeka kwamathambo (ithambo eliphukile). Ukuphuka kwakungavamile ukuba nzima.

Izimpawu zokuphuka kwethambo zingafaka:

  • ubuhlungu
  • ukuvuvukala
  • ububele
  • ukulinyazwa
  • ukukhubazeka

Uma usengozini enkulu yokuqhekeka noma uma ukhathazekile ngokwephula ithambo, khuluma nodokotela wakho. Bangaphakamisa izindlela zokusiza ukuvimbela lo mphumela ohlangothini.

Ukuwa

Ezivivinyweni eziyisishiyagalolunye zomtholampilo, kuze kufike ku-2.1% wabantu abathathe i-Invokana bawile. Kwakukhona ingozi enkulu yokuwa emasontweni ambalwa okuqala okwelashwa.

Uma uwe lapho uthatha i-Invokana noma uma ukhathazekile ngokuwa, khuluma nodokotela wakho. Bangaphakamisa izindlela zokusiza ukuvimbela lo mphumela ohlangothini.

I-Pancreatitis (hhayi umphumela ohlangothini)

I-Pancreatitis (ukuvuvukala kwamanyikwe akho) bekuyivelakancane ngokweqile ezivivinyweni zokwelashwa. Amanani we-pancreatitis ayefana phakathi kwabantu abathatha i-Invokana nalabo abathatha i-placebo (ukwelashwa ngaphandle kwesidakamizwa esisebenzayo). Ngenxa yale miphumela efanayo, akunakwenzeka ukuthi u-Invokana wabangela i-pancreatitis.

Uma unokukhathazeka ngokuthuthukisa i-pancreatitis nge-Invokana, khuluma nodokotela wakho.

Ubuhlungu obuhlangene (hhayi umphumela ohlangothini)

Ubuhlungu obuhlangene babungewona umphumela ohlangothini lwe-Invokana kunoma yikuphi ukuhlolwa komtholampilo.

Kodwa-ke, ezinye izidakamizwa zesifo sikashukela zingadala izinhlungu ezihlangene. Eqinisweni, i-Food and Drug Administration (i-FDA) ikhiphe isimemezelo sokuphepha sesigaba sesidakamizwa sikashukela esibizwa nge-dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors. (Isigaba sezidakamizwa sichaza iqembu lemithi elisebenza ngendlela efanayo.) Isimemezelo sathi ama-DPP-4 inhibitors angadala ubuhlungu obukhulu bamalunga.

Kepha u-Invokana akayena owaleso sigaba sezidakamizwa. Esikhundleni salokho, ingeyesigaba semithi ebizwa nge-sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors.

Uma unezinkinga mayelana nobuhlungu obuhlangene nokusetshenziswa kwe-Invokana, khuluma nodokotela wakho.

Ukulahleka kwezinwele (hhayi umphumela ohlangothini)

Ukulahleka kwezinwele kwakungewona umphumela ohlangothini lwe-Invokana kunoma yikuphi ukuhlolwa komtholampilo.

Uma ukhathazekile ngokulahleka kwezinwele, khuluma nodokotela wakho. Bangakusiza unqume ukuthi kubangelwa yini nezindlela zokwelapha.

Isilinganiso se-Invokana

Umthamo we-Invokana odonswa ngudokotela wakho uzoncika ezicini ezithile. Lokhu kufaka phakathi:

  • uhlobo nobukhali besimo osisebenzisayo ukwelapha i-Invokana
  • iminyaka yakho
  • ezinye izimo zezokwelapha ongahle ube nazo
  • zisebenza kahle kanjani izinso zakho
  • eminye imithi ongahle uyiphuze nge-Invokana

Imvamisa, udokotela wakho uzokuqala ngomthamo ophansi. Ngemuva kwalokho bazoyilungisa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ukufinyelela inani elifanele wena. Udokotela wakho ekugcineni uzonikeza isilinganiso esincane kunazo zonke esihlinzeka ngomphumela oyifunayo.

Imininingwane elandelayo ichaza imithamo esetshenziswa kakhulu noma enconywayo. Kodwa-ke, qiniseka ukuthatha isilinganiso udokotela wakho akubekela sona. Udokotela wakho uzonquma isilinganiso esihle kakhulu ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zakho.

Amafomu wezidakamizwa namandla

I-Invokana iza njengethebhulethi. Itholakala ngamandla amabili:

  • Ama-milligram ayi-100 (mg), eza njengethebhulethi ephuzi
  • 300 mg, eza njengethebhulethi emhlophe

Isilinganiso sokwehlisa amazinga kashukela egazini

Imithamo enconyiwe ye-Invokana yokwehlisa amazinga kashukela egazini isuselwa kusilinganiso esibizwa ngokuthi isilinganiso sokuhlunga se-glomerular (eGFR). Lesi silinganiso senziwa kusetshenziswa ukuhlolwa kwegazi. Futhi kukhombisa ukuthi izinso zakho zisebenza kahle kangakanani.

Kubantu abane:

  • I-eGFR okungenani engama-60, ayinakho ukulahleka kokusebenza kwezinso ekulahlekelweni okuncane kokusebenza kwezinso. Isilinganiso sabo esinconyiwe se-Invokana singu-100 mg kanye ngosuku. Udokotela wabo angakhuphula umthamo wabo afike ku-300 mg kanye ngosuku uma kudingeka ukusiza ukuphatha izinga labo likashukela egazini.
  • I-eGFR yama-30 kuye ngaphansi kuka-60, anokulahleka okuncane kokulinganisa ukusebenza kwezinso. Isilinganiso sabo esinconyiwe se-Invokana singu-100 mg kanye ngosuku.
  • I-eGFR engaphansi kuka-30, ilahlekelwa kakhulu ukusebenza kwezinso. Akunconyelwa ukuthi baqale ukusebenzisa i-Invokana. Kepha uma bevele besebenzisa lesi sidakamizwa futhi bedlulisa izinga elithile le-albumin (iprotheni) emchameni wabo, bangakwazi ukuqhubeka nokuthatha i-Invokana. *

Qaphela: I-Invokana akufanele isetshenziswe ngabantu abasebenzisa i-dialysis therapy. (I-Dialysis inqubo esetshenziselwa ukusula imfucuza egazini lakho lapho izinso zakho zingaphilile ngokwanele ukwenza lokho.)

Isilinganiso sokunciphisa izingozi zenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi

Izilinganiso ezinconyiwe ze-Invokana zokunciphisa ubungozi benhliziyo zifana nokuthi kufanele zehlise amazinga kashukela egazini. Bona isigaba esingenhla ukuze uthole imininingwane.

Isikali sokunciphisa ubungozi bezinkinga ezivela ku-nephropathy yesifo sikashukela

Imithamo enconyiwe ye-Invokana yokwehlisa ubungozi bezinkinga ezivela ku-nephropathy yesifo sikashukela ziyefana njengoba zehlisa amazinga kashukela egazini. Bona isigaba esingenhla ukuze uthole imininingwane.

Kuthiwani uma ngiphuthelwa umthamo?

Uma uphuthelwa umthamo we-Invokana, wuthathe ngokushesha nje lapho ukhumbula. Uma sekusondele isikhathi somthamo wakho olandelayo, weqa umthamo ongabanjwanga bese uthatha umthamo olandelayo ngesikhathi esijwayelekile. Ungazami ukubamba ngokuthatha imithamo emibili ngasikhathi sinye. Lokhu kungadala imiphumela emibi eyingozi.

Sebenzisa ithuluzi lesikhumbuzo kungakusiza ukuthi ukhumbule ukuthatha i-Invokana nsuku zonke.

Qiniseka ukuthi uthatha i-Invokana kuphela njengoba udokotela wakho ekuyalela.

Ngabe kuzodingeka ngisebenzise lesi sidakamizwa isikhathi eside?

Uma wena nodokotela wakho nivumelana ukuthi i-Invokana ikusebenzela kahle, uzoyisebenzisa isikhathi eside.

Ezinye izindlela zokusebenzisa i-Invokana

Kuneminye imithi etholakalayo ekwelapha isimo sakho. Ezinye zingakulungela kangcono kunabanye. Uma unentshisekelo yokuthola enye indlela ye-Invokana, khuluma nodokotela wakho ngeminye imithi engakusebenzela kahle.

Ezinye izindlela zokwehlisa amazinga kashukela kubantu abanesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2

Izibonelo zezinye izidakamizwa ezingasetshenziswa ukwehlisa amazinga kashukela egazini kubantu abanesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 zifaka:

  • I-sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors, efana:
    • empagliflozin (Jardiance)
    • i-dapagflozin (Farxiga)
    • i-ertugliflozin (Steglatro)
  • incretin mimetics / glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists, efana:
    • dulaglutide (Trulicity)
    • i-exenatide (Bydureon, Byetta)
    • i-liraglutide (i-Victoza)
    • i-lixisenatide (i-Adlyxin)
    • i-semaglutide (i-Ozempic)
    • i-albiglutide (Tanzeum)
  • i-metformin (iGlucophage, iGlumetza, iRiomet)
  • i-dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, efana:
    • i-alogliptin (Nesina)
    • linagliptin (i-Tradjenta)
    • i-saxagliptin (i-Onglyza)
    • sitagliptin (Januvia)
  • thiazolidinediones, njenge:
    • pioglitazone (Actos)
    • i-rosiglitazone (Avandia)
  • i-alpha-glucosidase inhibitors, njenge:
    • i-acarbose (Precose)
    • i-miglitol (Glyset)
  • sulfonylureas, njenge:
    • I-chlorpropamide
    • i-glimepiride (Amaryl)
    • i-glipizide (iGlucotrol)
    • i-glyburide (i-Diabeta, i-Glynase PresTabs)

Ezinye izindlela zokunciphisa ubungozi bezinkinga zenhliziyo kubantu abanesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2

Izibonelo zezinye izidakamizwa ezingasetshenziswa ukunciphisa ubungozi bezinkinga ezithile zenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi kubantu abane-type 2 yesifo sikashukela zifaka:

  • amanye ama-SGLT2 inhibitors, afana ne-empagliflozin (Jardiance)
  • i-glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) i-receptor agonists, efana ne-liraglutide (i-Victoza)
  • izidakamizwa ze-statin, njenge:
    • i-atorvastatin (Lipitor)
    • i-rosuvastatin (Crestor)

Ezinye izindlela zokunciphisa ubungozi bezinkinga ezivela ku-nephropathy yesifo sikashukela kubantu abane-type 2 yesifo sikashukela

Izibonelo zezinye izidakamizwa ezingasetshenziswa ukunciphisa ubungozi bezinkinga ze-nephropathy yesifo sikashukela - kubantu abane-type 2 yesifo sikashukela zifaka:

  • i-angiotensin iguqula ama-enzyme inhibitors, njenge-lisinopril
  • ama-angiotensin receptor blockers, njenge-irbesartan

I-Invokana vs. ezinye izidakamizwa

Ungase uzibuze ukuthi i-Invokana iqhathanisa kanjani neminye imithi enqunyelwe abantu abanesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2. Ngezansi ukuqhathanisa phakathi kuka-Invokana nemithi ethile.

I-Invokana vs. Jardiance

I-Invokana ne-Jardiance (empagliflozin) zombili zisesigabeni esifanayo semithi: i-sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors. Lokhu kusho ukuthi basebenza ngendlela efanayo ukwelapha uhlobo lwesibili sikashukela.

I-Invokana iqukethe isidakamizwa i-canagliflozin. I-Jardiance iqukethe i-empagliflozin yezidakamizwa.

Isebenzisa

Kokubili i-Invokana ne-Jardiance kuvunyelwe yi-Food and Drug Administration (FDA) ukuthi:

  • thuthukisa amazinga kashukela egazini kubantu abadala abane-type 2 diabetes
  • ukunciphisa ingozi yokufa kwenhliziyo kubantu abadala abanesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 nesifo senhliziyo

Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Invokana ivunyelwe ukunciphisa ubungozi be:

  • Ukuhlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo nokushaywa unhlangothi okungaholi ekufeni kubantu abadala abanesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 nesifo senhliziyo.
  • Izinkinga ezithile ze-nephropathy yesifo sikashukela kubantu abadala abanesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2. (Nge-nephropathy yesifo sikashukela, unomonakalo wezinso odalwa yisifo sikashukela.)

Ngeminye imininingwane ngokusetshenziswa okugunyaziwe kuka-Invokana kanye nemikhawulo yokusetshenziswa kwayo, bheka isigaba "se-Invokana uses" ngenhla.

Amafomu wezidakamizwa nokuphathwa

Kokubili i-Invokana neJardiance kuza njengamathebulethi owaphuza ngomlomo ekuseni.

Ungaphuza yomibili le mithi ngokudla noma ngaphandle kokudla, kodwa kungcono ukuthatha i-Invokana ngaphambi kokudla kwasekuseni.

Imiphumela emibi kanye nezingozi

I-Invokana ne-Jardiance baqhamuka esigabeni esisodwa sezidakamizwa futhi benza ngendlela efanayo emzimbeni. Ngenxa yalokhu, zibangela imiphumela efanayo efanayo. Ngezansi kunezibonelo zale miphumela emibi.

Imiphumela emibi ejwayelekile

Lezi zinhlu ziqukethe izibonelo zemiphumela emibi ejwayelekile engenzeka nge-Invokana, ne-Jardiance, noma ngazo zombili izidakamizwa (uma zithathwa ngazodwana).

  • Kungenzeka nge-Invokana:
    • ukoma
    • ukuqunjelwa
  • Kungenzeka nge-Jardiance:
    • ubuhlungu obuhlangene
    • amazinga e-cholesterol akhuphukile
  • Kungenzeka ngamabili i-Invokana ne-Jardiance:
    • izifo zomgudu womchamo
    • ukuchama kaningi kunokujwayelekile
    • isicanucanu
    • ukulunywa kwesitho sangasese sowesifazane
    • ukutheleleka kwemvubelo kwabesilisa nabesifazane

Imiphumela emibi kakhulu

Lezi zinhlu ziqukethe izibonelo zemiphumela emibi engaba khona nge-Invokana, ne-Jardiance, noma ngazo zombili izidakamizwa (uma zithathwa ngazodwana).

  • Kungenzeka nge-Invokana:
    • ukunqunywa kwesitho esingezansi
    • ukuphuka kwamathambo
  • Kungenzeka nge-Jardiance:
    • nemiphumela engemihle embalwa eyingqayizivele
  • Kungenzeka ngamabili i-Invokana ne-Jardiance:
    • ukomisa (uketshezi oluphansi), okungadala umfutho wegazi ophansi
    • i-ketoacidosis yesifo sikashukela (amazinga akhuphukile wamaketoni egazini noma emchameni)
    • ukulimala kwezinso *
    • izifo ezibucayi zomgudu womchamo
    • i-hypoglycemia (ushukela osezingeni eliphansi)
    • I-Fournier's gangrene (ukutheleleka okunzima eduze kwesitho sangasese)
    • ukusabela okweqile komzimba

Ukusebenza ngempumelelo

Le mithi ayikaze iqhathaniswe nekhanda kuya ekhanda ezifundweni zokwelashwa. Kepha izifundo zithole ukuthi i-Invokana ne-Jardiance zisebenza ngempumelelo ekusetshenzisweni kwazo okuvunyiwe.

Izindleko

I-Invokana neJardiance yizidakamizwa ezinamagama. Azinawo amafomu ejwayelekile. Imithi enegama lomkhiqizo ivame ukubiza ngaphezu kwama-generic.

Ngokuya ngokulinganiselwa okuvela ku-GoodRx.com, i-Invokana neJardiance ngokuvamile kubiza ngokufana. Intengo yangempela ongayikhokhela noma yimuphi umuthi izoncika ohlelweni lwakho lomshuwalense, indawo okuyo nasekhemisi oyisebenzisayo.

Invokana vs. Farxiga

I-Invokana ne-Farxiga basesigabeni esifanayo semithi: i-sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors. Lokhu kusho ukuthi basebenza ngendlela efanayo ukwelapha uhlobo lwesibili sikashukela.

I-Invokana iqukethe isidakamizwa i-canagliflozin. I-Farxiga iqukethe i-dapagliflozin yesidakamizwa.

Isebenzisa

Kokubili i-Invokana ne-Farxiga zivunyelwe yi-Food and Drug Administration (FDA) ukwenza amazinga eshukela egazini kubantu abadala abanesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2.

I-Invokana nayo ivunyelwe ukunciphisa ubungozi boku:

  • isifo senhliziyo nesifo sohlangothi okungaholi ekufeni kubantu abanazo zombili izinhlobo zesifo sikashukela nesifo senhliziyo
  • ukufa kwenhliziyo kubantu abane-type 2 yesifo sikashukela nesifo senhliziyo
  • izinkinga ezithile ze-nephropathy yesifo sikashukela * kubantu abanesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2

I-Farxiga nayo ivunyelwe ukunciphisa ubungozi be:

  • ukulaliswa esibhedlela ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo kubantu abanesifo sikashukela sohlobo lwe-2 noma isifo senhliziyo noma izici zobungozi zesifo senhliziyo
  • ukufa kwenhliziyo nokulaliswa esibhedlela ngenxa yokwehluleka kwenhliziyo kubantu abadala abanenhlobo ethile yokwehluleka kwenhliziyo enezingxenyana ze-ejection ezincishisiwe

Ngeminye imininingwane ngokusetshenziswa okugunyaziwe kuka-Invokana kanye nemikhawulo yokusetshenziswa kwayo, bheka isigaba esithi "Ukusetshenziswa kwe-Invokana" ngenhla.

Amafomu wezidakamizwa nokuphathwa

Kokubili i-Invokana neFarxiga kuza njengamathebulethi owaphuza ngomlomo ekuseni. Ungaphuza yomibili imishanguzo ngokudla noma ngaphandle kokudla, kodwa kungcono ukuthatha i-Invokana ngaphambi kokudla kwasekuseni.

Imiphumela emibi kanye nezingozi

I-Invokana ne-Farxiga basekilasini elifanayo lezidakamizwa futhi benza ngendlela efanayo emzimbeni. Ngenxa yalokhu, zibangela imiphumela efanayo efanayo. Ngezansi kunezibonelo zale miphumela emibi.

Imiphumela emibi ejwayelekile

Lezi zinhlu ziqukethe izibonelo zemiphumela emibi ejwayelekile engenzeka nge-Invokana, neFarxiga, noma ngazo zombili izidakamizwa (uma zithathwa ngazodwana).

  • Kungenzeka nge-Invokana:
    • ukoma
  • Kungenzeka ngeFarxiga:
    • izifo zokuphefumula ezifana nomkhuhlane ovamile noma umkhuhlane
    • ubuhlungu beqolo noma imilenze
    • ukungakhululeki ngenkathi uchama
  • Kungenzeka ngamabili i-Invokana ne-Farxiga:
    • izifo zomgudu womchamo
    • ukuchama kaningi kunokujwayelekile
    • isicanucanu
    • ukuqunjelwa
    • ukulunywa kwesitho sangasese sowesifazane
    • ukutheleleka kwemvubelo kwabesilisa nabesifazane

Imiphumela emibi kakhulu

Lezi zinhlu ziqukethe izibonelo zemiphumela emibi engaba khona nge-Invokana, neFarxiga, noma ngazo zombili izidakamizwa (uma zithathwa ngazodwana).

  • Kungenzeka nge-Invokana:
    • ukunqunywa kwesitho esingezansi
  • Kungenzeka ngeFarxiga:
    • nemiphumela engemihle embalwa eyingqayizivele
  • Kungenzeka ngamabili i-Invokana ne-Farxiga:
    • ukuphuka kwamathambo
    • ukomisa (uketshezi oluphansi), okungadala umfutho wegazi ophansi
    • i-ketoacidosis yesifo sikashukela (amazinga akhuphukile wamaketoni egazini noma emchameni)
    • ukulimala kwezinso *
    • izifo ezibucayi zomgudu womchamo
    • i-hypoglycemia (ushukela osezingeni eliphansi)
    • I-Fournier's gangrene (ukutheleleka okunzima eduze kwesitho sangasese)
    • ukusabela okweqile komzimba

Ukusebenza ngempumelelo

Le mithi ayikaze iqhathaniswe nekhanda kuya ekhanda ezifundweni zokwelashwa. Kepha izifundo zithole ukuthi i-Invokana ne-Farxiga zisebenza ngempumelelo ekusetshenzisweni kwazo okuvunyiwe.

Izindleko

I-Invokana neFarxiga zombili izidakamizwa zomuthi. Azinawo amafomu ejwayelekile. Imithi enegama lomkhiqizo ivame ukubiza ngaphezu kwama-generic.

Ngokwezibalo ezivela kuGoodRx.com, i-Invokana neFarxiga ngokuvamile kubiza ngokufana. Intengo yangempela ongayikhokhela noma yisiphi isidakamizwa incike ohlelweni lwakho lomshuwalense, indawo okuyo nasekhemisi oyisebenzisayo.

Izindleko ze-Invokana

Njengayo yonke imithi, izindleko ze-Invokana zingahluka.

Inani langempela ozolikhokha lincike ekusetshenzisweni kwakho komshuwalense nasekhemisi oyisebenzisayo.

Usizo lwezezimali nolomshuwalense

Uma udinga uxhaso lwezezimali ukukhokhela i-Invokana, usizo luyatholakala.

UJanssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc., ongumkhiqizi we-Invokana, unikela ngohlelo olubizwa ngeJanssen CarePath Savings Programme. Ngeminye imininingwane nokuthola ukuthi uyakufanelekela yini ukwesekwa, shayela ku-877-468-6526 noma uvakashele iwebhusayithi yohlelo.

I-Invokana isebenzisa

Ukuphathwa Kwezokudla Nezidakamizwa (i-FDA) kuvumela imishanguzo kadokotela efana ne-Invokana ukwelapha izimo ezithile.

I-Invokana kubantu abanesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2

I-Invokana ivunyelwe yi-FDA ukuthi isetshenziswe kubantu abadala abanesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 kuya:

  • Thuthukisa amazinga kashukela egazini. Ngalokhu kusetshenziswa, i-Invokana inqunyelwe ngaphezu kokudla nokuzivocavoca ukuze kwehliswe amazinga kashukela egazini.
  • Nciphisa ubungozi bezinkinga ezithile zenhliziyo. Ngalokhu kusetshenziswa, i-Invokana inikezwa abantu abadala abanesifo senhliziyo esaziwayo. Isetshenziselwa ukwehlisa ingozi yokuhlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo nokushaywa unhlangothi okungaholi ekufeni. Futhi umuthi usetshenziselwa ukunciphisa ubungozi bokufa okuvela enkingeni yenhliziyo noma yegazi.
  • Nciphisa ubungozi bezinkinga ezithile kubantu abane-nephropathy yesifo sikashukela. Ngalokhu kusetshenziswa, i-Invokana inikezwa abantu abadala abathile abane-nephropathy yesifo sikashukela (ukulimala kwezinso okubangelwa yisifo sikashukela) nge-albuminuria * engaphezulu kwama-milligram angama-300 ngosuku. Isetshenziselwa ukwehlisa ubungozi be:
    • isifo sesinso sesigaba sokugcina
    • ukufa okubangelwa inkinga yenhliziyo noma yegazi
    • liphindwe kabili izinga legazi le-creatinine
    • isidingo sokulaliswa esibhedlela ngenxa yokwehluleka kwenhliziyo

Ngokuvamile, i-hormone ebizwa ngokuthi i-insulin isusa ushukela egazini lakho iye kumaseli akho. Futhi amaseli akho asebenzisa lowo shukela ukuthola amandla. Kodwa ngohlobo lwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2, umzimba wakho awusabeli kahle ku-insulin.

Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, umzimba wakho ungaze uyeke nokwenza i-insulin eyanele. Ngakho-ke, ngohlobo lwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2, ushukela awususwa egazini lakho njengokujwayelekile. Futhi lokhu kuholela ekukhuleni kwamazinga kashukela egazini.

Ukwanda kwamazinga kashukela egazini kungalimaza imithambo yegazi lakho, futhi kungadala nezinkinga ngenhliziyo nezinso zakho.

I-Invokana isebenza ukwehlisa amazinga kashukela egazini futhi inciphise ubungozi bezinkinga ezithile ngemithambo yegazi, inhliziyo, nezinso.

Ukulinganiselwa kokusetshenziswa

Kubalulekile ukuthi wazi ukuthi i-Invokana ayivunyelwe ukusetshenziswa kubantu abanesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1. Esikhundleni salokho, kuvunyelwe kuphela ukusetshenziswa kubantu abanesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2. Kucatshangwa ukuthi abantu abanesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 bangaba nengozi eyengeziwe ye-ketoacidosis yesifo sikashukela uma besebenzisa i-Invokana. (Nge-ketoacidosis yesifo sikashukela, unamazinga akhuphukile wamaketoni egazini noma emchameni wakho.) Ukuze ufunde kabanzi ngalesi simo, bheka isigaba esingenhla "semiphumela emibi ye-Invokana".

Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Invokana akufanele isetshenziselwe ukusiza ukwehlisa amazinga kashukela egazini kubantu abanesifo sikashukela sohlobo lwe-2 nabo abanokukhubazeka okukhulu kwezinso. Ngokuqondile, umuthi akufanele usetshenziswe kulabo abanesilinganiso sokuhlunga se-glomerular (eGFR) esingaphansi kuka-30. (I-eGFR isilinganiso esenziwa ngokusebenzisa ukuhlolwa kwegazi. Kubonisa ukuthi izinso zakho zisebenza kahle kangakanani.) Kucatshangwa ukuthi I-Invokana ingahle ingasebenzi ukuze isetshenziswe kubantu abanalesi simo.

Ukusebenza ngempumelelo

I-Invokana ifundwe yodwa futhi ihlangene nezinye izidakamizwa ekwehliseni amazinga kashukela egazini kubantu abane-type 2 diabetes. Kulezi zifundo, i-Invokana yatholwa yehlisa izinga labantu i-hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), okuyisilinganiso samazinga kashukela egazini aphakathi nendawo.

I-Invokana iphinde yafundelwa ukwehlisa ubungozi bezinkinga ezithile zenhliziyo kubantu abanesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2. Kulezi zifundo, lesi sidakamizwa sehlise amazinga ezinhlobo ezithile zokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo nokushaywa unhlangothi nokufa ngenxa yenkinga yenhliziyo noma yegazi.

Futhi, u-Invokana wafundelwa kubantu abane-nephropathy yesifo sikashukela njengokwelashwa ukwehlisa ubungozi bezinkinga ezithile.Kulolu cwaningo, abantu abathatha i-Invokana behlise amazinga ezifo zesifo sokugcina sezinso, baphindwe kabili izinga le-creatinine egazini labo, nezinye izindaba.

Ukuthola eminye imininingwane ngokusebenza kwe-Invokana ekusetshenzisweni kwayo okugunyaziwe, bheka imininingwane yokunqunywa komuthi.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, imihlahlandlela evela ku-American Diabetes Association incoma ukuthi:

  • usebenzisa i-SGLT2 inhibitor, efana ne-Invokana, njengengxenye yemithi yokwelapha yokulawula ushukela wegazi kubantu abadala abanesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 abanesifo senhliziyo noma sezinso
  • ukusebenzisa i-SGLT2 inhibitor kubantu abanesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 abanezici eziyingozi ezinkingeni zenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi

Ukusetshenziswa okungekho kwelebula kwe-Invokana

Ngaphezu kokusetshenziselwa uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2, i-Invokana ingasetshenziselwa ilebula engeyona enye injongo. Ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa ezingekho ilebula kulapho umuthi ovunyelwe ukusetshenziswa kokunye usetshenziselwa okwehlukile okungavunyelwe.

I-Invokana yesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1

Yize umkhiqizi encoma ukuthi i-Invokana ingasetshenziselwa uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1, umuthi kwesinye isikhathi usasetshenziswa ngaphandle kwelebula ukwelapha lesi sifo.

Kwesinye isifundo somtholampilo, abantu abanesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 bathathe i-Invokana ne-insulin. Kubantu abakucwaningo, lokhu kwelashwa kuncishisiwe:

  • amazinga abo kashukela egazini
  • amazinga abo e-hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c)
  • inani eliphelele le-insulin okwakufanele balithathe usuku ngalunye

Uma unemibuzo mayelana nezinketho zokwelashwa zesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1, khuluma nodokotela wakho.

I-Invokana yokwehlisa isisindo

Ngenkathi i-Invokana ingavunyelwe njengomuthi wokwehlisa isisindo, ukwehlisa isisindo kungumphumela oseceleni womuthi.

Ezifundweni zomtholampilo, abantu abathathe i-Invokana balahlekelwe ngamakhilogremu ayi-9 ngaphezu kwamasonto angama-26 okwelashwa. Ngenxa yalomphumela ohlangothini, udokotela wakho angafuna ukuthi uthathe i-Invokana uma unesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 futhi ukhuluphele ngokweqile.

I-Invokana idala ukwehla kwesisindo ngokuthumela iglucose eyengeziwe (ushukela) egazini lakho emchameni wakho. Amakholori avela kushukela ashiya umzimba wakho emchameni wakho, okungaholela ekutheni wehle emzimbeni.

Qiniseka ukuthi uthatha i-Invokana kuphela njengoba udokotela wakho ekuyalela. Ungathathi umuthi ukunciphisa umzimba noma nganoma yisiphi esinye isizathu ngaphandle kokuqala ukhulume nodokotela wakho.

I-Invokana notshwala

Gwema ukuphuza kakhulu utshwala ngenkathi uthatha i-Invokana. Utshwala bungashintsha izinga likashukela egazini lakho futhi benyuse ubungozi bakho:

  • i-hypoglycemia (ushukela osezingeni eliphansi)
  • i-ketoacidosis yesifo sikashukela (amazinga akhuphukile wamaketoni egazini nasemchameni)
  • i-pancreatitis (amanyikwe avuthayo)

Uma uphuza utshwala, khuluma nodokotela wakho ngokuthi ungakanani utshwala obuphephile kuwe ngenkathi uthatha i-Invokana.

Ukusebenzisana kwe-Invokana

I-Invokana ingasebenzisana neminye imithi eminingi. Ingabuye ihlanganyele nezithako ezithile nokudla.

Ukuxhumana okuhlukile kungadala imiphumela ehlukile. Isibonelo, ukuxhumana okuthile kungathinta ukuthi usebenza kanjani umuthi, kanti okunye kungadala imiphumela emibi eyengeziwe.

I-Invokana neminye imithi

Ngezansi kukhona uhlu lwemithi engasebenzisana ne-Invokana. Lezi zinhlu aziqukethe yonke imishanguzo engasebenzisana ne-Invokana.

Ngaphambi kokuthatha i-Invokana, qiniseka ukuthi utshela udokotela kanye nosokhemisi ngayo yonke imishanguzo kadokotela, i-counter-counter, nezinye izidakamizwa oziphuzayo. Batshele futhi nganoma yimaphi amavithamini, amakhambi, nezithako ozisebenzisayo. Ukwabelana ngalolu lwazi kungakusiza ugweme ukuhlangana okungenzeka.

Uma unemibuzo mayelana nokuhlangana kwezidakamizwa okungakuthinta, buza udokotela wakho noma usokhemisi.

I-Invokana nezidakamizwa ezingakhuphula ubungozi be-hypoglycemia

Ukuthatha i-Invokana ngemithi ethile kungakhuphula ubungozi be-hypoglycemia (ushukela osezingeni eliphansi). Uma uthatha le mithi, kungadingeka ukuthi uhlole izinga likashukela egazini lakho kaningi. Futhi, udokotela wakho angadinga ukushintsha isilinganiso semithi yakho.

Izibonelo zale mithi zifaka:

  • ezinye izidakamizwa zesifo sikashukela, njenge:
    • dulaglutide (Trulicity)
    • linagliptin (i-Tradjenta)
    • i-liraglutide (i-Victoza)
    • sitagliptin (Januvia)
    • i-glyburide (i-DiaBeta, i-Glynase, i-Micronase)
    • i-glimepiride (Amaryl)
    • i-glipizide (iGlucotrol)
    • ama-insulins wesikhathi sokudla (Humalog, Novolog)
    • i-metformin (iGlucophage)
    • isigaba (Starlix)
    • i-repaglinide (Prandin)
  • imithi ethile yomfutho wegazi ophezulu, njenge:
    • i-benazepril (Lotensin)
    • i-candesartan (Atacand)
    • i-enalapril (Vasotec)
    • I-irbesartan (Avapro)
    • i-lisinopril (iZestril)
    • i-losartan (Cozaar)
    • i-olmesartan (i-Benicar)
    • i-valsartan (Diovan)
  • eminye imithi enganciphisa amazinga kashukela egazini, njenge:
    • i-disopyramide (i-Norpace)
    • imithi ethile ye-cholesterol, njenge-fenofibrate (Tricor, Triglide) ne-gemfibrozil (Lopid)
    • ama-anti-depressants athile, njenge-fluoxetine (i-Prozac, i-Sarafem) ne-selegiline (i-Emsam, i-Zelapar)
    • i-octreotide (iSandostatin)
    • i-sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (iBactrim, Septra)

I-Invokana nezidakamizwa ezingakhuphula amazinga kashukela egazini

Eminye imithi ingakhuphula izinga likashukela egazini emzimbeni wakho. Uma uthatha le mithi, kungadingeka ukuthi uhlole izinga likashukela egazini lakho kaningi. Lokhu kungasiza ukuvimbela i-hyperglycemia (izinga likashukela egazini). Futhi, udokotela wakho angadinga ukushintsha imithamo yakho.

Izibonelo zale mithi zifaka:

  • i-albuterol (i-ProAir, i-Proventil, i-Ventolin HFA)
  • imishanguzo ethile, efana ne-atazanavir (Reyataz) ne-lopinavir / ritonavir (Kaletra)
  • ama-steroids athile, njenge:
    • i-budesonide (i-Entocort EC, i-Pulmicort, i-Uceris)
    • umabhebhana
    • i-fluticasone (i-Flonase, i-Flovent)
  • izidakamizwa ezithile, njenge-chlorothiazide (Diuril) ne-hydrochlorothiazide (Microzide)
  • ama-antipsychotic, afana ne-clozapine (Clozaril, Fazaclo) ne-olanzapine (Zyprexa)
  • ama-hormone athile, njenge:
    • i-danazol (iDanazol)
    • i-levothyroxine (Levoxyl, Synthroid)
    • i-somatropin (iGenotropin)
  • i-glucagon (GlucaGen)
  • i-niacin (i-Niaspan, iSlo-Niacin, abanye)
  • izinto zokuvimbela inzalo ngomlomo (amaphilisi okulawula ukubeletha)

I-Invokana nezidakamizwa ezingehlisa umfutho wegazi

Ukuthatha i-Invokana ngemithi ethile eyehlisa umfutho wegazi kungadala ukuthi umfutho wegazi lakho wehle kakhulu. Kungakhuphula nobungozi bakho bokulimala kwezinso.

Izibonelo zale mithi zifaka:

  • i-benazepril (Lotensin)
  • i-candesartan (Atacand)
  • i-enalapril (Vasotec)
  • I-irbesartan (Avapro)
  • i-lisinopril (iZestril)
  • i-losartan (Cozaar)
  • i-olmesartan (i-Benicar)
  • i-valsartan (Diovan)

I-Invokana nezidakamizwa ezingakhuphula noma zinciphise imiphumela ye-Invokana

Eminye imishanguzo ingathinta ukuthi i-Invokana isebenza kanjani emzimbeni wakho. Uma uthatha le mithi, kungadingeka ukuthi uhlole izinga likashukela egazini lakho kaningi. Futhi, udokotela wakho angadinga ukushintsha imithamo yakho.

Izibonelo zale mithi zifaka:

  • i-rifampin (i-Rifadin, i-Rimactane)
  • i-phenytoin (Dilantin)
  • lindokuhle
  • i-ritonavir (Norvir)
  • i-digoxin (Lanoxin)

I-Invokana namakhambi nezithako

Ukuthatha amakhambi athile kanye nezithasiselo nge-Invokana kungakhuphula ubungozi bakho be-hypoglycemia (izinga eliphansi likashukela egazini). Izibonelo zalokhu zifaka:

  • i-alpha-lipoic acid
  • ikhabe elibabayo
  • chromium
  • i-gymnema
  • i-cactus eliphakathi kwe-prickly

Ukusetshenziswa kwe-Invokana nezinye izidakamizwa

I-Invokana ivunyelwe ukusetshenziswa okuthile kubantu abanesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2. (Ukuze ufunde kabanzi ngalokhu kusetshenziswa okugunyaziwe, bheka isigaba esithi "Ukusetshenziswa kwe-Invokana" ngenhla.)

Kwesinye isikhathi, i-Invokana ingasetshenziswa nezinye izidakamizwa ukwehlisa amazinga kashukela egazini. Ngezansi, sichaza lesi simo esingenzeka.

I-Invokana nezinye izidakamizwa ukwehlisa amazinga kashukela egazini

Odokotela bangahle banikeze u-Invokana yedwa noma nezinye izidakamizwa zokuthuthukisa amazinga kashukela egazini kubantu abanesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2.

Ekwelapheni isifo sikashukela, kwesinye isikhathi umuthi owodwa uwodwa awukhuphuli ngokwanele amazinga kashukela egazini. Kulezi zimo, kujwayelekile ukuthi abantu baphuze imithi engaphezu kweyodwa ukulawula amazinga abo kashukela egazini.

Invokana noVictoza

U-Invokana noVictoza bobabili belapha uhlobo lwesibili sikashukela, kepha basebenza ngezindlela ezihlukile. Le mithi emibili ingeyezigaba ezahlukene zezidakamizwa. I-Invokana i-sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT-2) inhibitor. IVictoza iyi-glucagon efana ne-peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist.

Odokotela bangahle banikeze ama-inhibitors athile we-SGLT-2 kanye ne-GLP-1 receptor agonists ndawonye. Le nhlanganisela ingasiza ukwehlisa amazinga kashukela egazini futhi yehlise ubungozi bokufa okuhlobene nesifo senhliziyo.

Amanye ama-agonists we-GLP-1 receptor afaka:

  • dulaglutide (Trulicity)
  • i-exenatide (Bydureon, Byetta)
  • i-liraglutide (i-Victoza)
  • i-lixisenatide (i-Adlyxin)
  • i-semaglutide (i-Ozempic)

I-Invokana nezinye izidakamizwa zesifo sikashukela

Izibonelo zezinye izidakamizwa zesifo sikashukela ezingasetshenziswa ne-Invokana zifaka:

  • i-glimepiride (Amaryl)
  • i-glipizide (iGlucotrol)
  • i-glyburide (i-DiaBeta, i-Glynase)
  • i-metformin (iGlucophage, iGlumetza, iRiomet - bona ngezansi)
  • pioglitazone (Actos)

I-Invokana ne-metformin zitholakala njengomuthi owodwa wokuhlanganiswa obizwa nge-Invokamet noma i-Invokamet XR. I-Invokana i-sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT-2) inhibitor. I-Metformin i-biguanide.

I-Invokamet ne-Invokamet XR zivunyelwe ukuthuthukisa amazinga kashukela egazini kubantu abadala abane-type 2 yesifo sikashukela. Odokotela banikeza le mithi ngaphezu kokudla nokuzivocavoca umzimba.

Ungayithatha kanjani i-Invokana

Thatha u-Invokana njengoba udokotela noma umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo encoma.

Ukuthatha nini

Kungcono ukuthatha i-Invokana ekuseni, ngaphambi kokudla kwasekuseni.

Ukuthatha i-Invokana nokudla

Ungathatha i-Invokana ngokudla noma ngaphandle kokudla, kodwa kungcono ukukuthatha ngaphambi kokudla kwasekuseni. Lokhu kukusiza ukuthi ugweme ama-spikes kashukela ngemuva kokudla.

Ngabe i-Invokana ingachotshozwa?

Cha. Kungcono ukuthatha i-Invokana iphelele.

Isebenza kanjani i-Invokana

I-Invokana ivunyelwe ukusetshenziswa okuthile kubantu abadala abanesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2. (Ngemininingwane ngalokhu kusetshenziswa okugunyaziwe, bheka isigaba "se-Invokana uses" ngenhla.)

Kwenzekani ngesifo sikashukela?

Ngokuvamile, i-hormone ebizwa ngokuthi i-insulin isusa ushukela egazini lakho iye kumaseli akho. Futhi amaseli akho asebenzisa lowo shukela ukuthola amandla. Kodwa ngohlobo lwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2, umzimba wakho awusabeli kahle ku-insulin.

Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, umzimba wakho ungaze uyeke nokwenza i-insulin eyanele. Ngakho-ke, ngohlobo lwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2, ushukela awususwa egazini lakho njengokujwayelekile. Futhi lokhu kuholela ekukhuleni kwamazinga kashukela egazini.

Ukwanda kwamazinga kashukela egazini kungalimaza imithambo yegazi lakho, futhi kungadala nezinkinga ngenhliziyo nezinso zakho.

Okwenziwa ngu-Invokana

I-Invokana isebenza ngokwehlisa inani le-glucose egazini lakho. Njenge-sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2), i-Invokana ivimbela ushukela ukuthi ungaphinde ungene emzimbeni. Esikhundleni salokho, i-Invokana isiza ushukela ushiye umzimba wakho ngomchamo wakho.

Ngokwenza lokhu, i-Invokana isiza futhi ekunciphiseni ubungozi bezinkinga ezithile ngemithambo yegazi yakho, inhliziyo, nezinso.

Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukusebenza?

I-Invokana iqala ukusebenza ngemuva nje kokuyithatha. Kodwa kusebenza kakhulu ekwehliseni izinga likashukela egazini lakho cishe ngamahora angu-1 kuya kwangu-2 ngemuva kokuthatha umuthi.

I-Invokana nokukhulelwa

Akuzange kube nezifundo ezanele kubantu ukwazi ukuthi i-Invokana iphephile yini ukuyisebenzisa ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Imiphumela yezifundo zezilwane ikhombise ingozi engaba khona yezinkinga zezinso emibungwini lapho abesifazane abakhulelwe benikezwa umuthi.

Ngenxa yalezi zifundo, i-Invokana akufanele isetshenziswe ngesikhathi samathathu okukhulelwa wesibili nowesithathu. Kodwa-ke, khumbula ukuthi izifundo zezilwane azihlali zibikezela okuzokwenzeka kubantu.

Uma ukhulelwe noma uhlela ukukhulelwa, khuluma nodokotela wakho. Ngokubambisana ningalinganisa izingozi nezinzuzo ezingaba khona zokuthatha i-Invokana ngenkathi ukhulelwe.

I-Invokana nokuncelisa ibele

Akwaziwa ukuthi i-Invokana idlulela ebisini lwebele lomuntu. Kodwa-ke, kungcono ukulinda kuze kube ngemuva kokuqeda ukuncelisa ngaphambi kokuthatha i-Invokana.

Ucwaningo lwezilwane lukhombisile ukuthi umuthi uyadlula ubisi lwebele lwamagundane abesifazane ancelisayo. Khumbula ukuthi izifundo zezilwane azihlali zibikezela ukuthi kuzokwenzekani kubantu. Kodwa ngoba i-Invokana kungenzeka ithinte ukukhula kwezinso enganeni encela ibele, akufanele uyithathe ngenkathi uncelisa.

Uma uhlela ukuncelisa, khuluma nodokotela wakho. Ngokubambisana unganquma ukuthi kufanele yini uthathe i-Invokana noma uncelise.

Imibuzo ejwayelekile mayelana ne-Invokana

Nazi izimpendulo zemibuzo ebuzwa njalo mayelana ne-Invokana.

Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-Invokana ne-Invokamet?

I-Invokana iqukethe isidakamizwa i-canagliflozin, okuyi-sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor.I-Invokana isetshenziswa ngokudla nokuzivocavoca umzimba ukwenza ngcono amazinga kashukela egazini kubantu abadala abanesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2. Iphinde isetshenziselwe ukunciphisa ubungozi bokuhlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo, isifo sohlangothi nokufa kubantu abadala abanesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 nesifo senhliziyo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isetshenziselwa ukunciphisa ubungozi bezinkinga ezithile ze-nephropathy yesifo sikashukela (ukulimala kwezinso okubangelwa yisifo sikashukela).

I-Invokamet iqukethe izidakamizwa ezimbili: i-canagliflozin (umuthi wase-Invokana) kanye ne-metformin, i-biguanide. Njengo-Invokana, i-Invokamet isetshenziswa ngokudla nokuzivocavoca umzimba ukuthuthukisa amazinga kashukela egazini kubantu abadala abanesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2. Kodwa-ke, akuvunyelwe ukunciphisa ubungozi bezinkinga ezihlobene nenhliziyo njengokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo noma isifo sohlangothi kubantu abanesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 nesifo senhliziyo.

Ngazi kanjani ukuthi i-Invokana iyasebenza?

Ngenkathi uthatha i-Invokana, hlola izinga likashukela egazini lakho njalo ukuze uqiniseke ukuthi liphakathi kwezinhloso ozibekele zona nodokotela wakho. Ngokubambisana ungalandelela inqubekelaphambili yokwelashwa kwakho ngalezi masheke nangokunye ukuhlolwa kwegazi, kufaka phakathi amazinga e-hemoglobin A1C (HbA1C). Imiphumela ingakhombisa ukuthi i-Invokana kanye neminye imishanguzo yesifo sikashukela oyisebenzisayo isebenza kanjani ukwehlisa amazinga kashukela egazini lakho.

Ngabe i-Invokana ingangisiza ukunciphisa umzimba?

Yebo, kungaba njalo. Yize i-Invokana ingavunyelwe njengomuthi wokwehlisa isisindo, imiphumela yocwaningo ikhombisile ukuthi ukwehlisa isisindo kungumphumela ohlangothini ongaba khona.

Kodwa-ke, qiniseka ukuthatha i-Invokana njengoba udokotela wakho ekuyalela. Ungathathi umuthi ukunciphisa umzimba noma nganoma yisiphi esinye isizathu ngaphandle kokuqala ukhulume nodokotela wakho.

Ngabe u-Invokana ubangele ukunqunywa?

Yebo, ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, ukunqunywa amalungu omzimba kuye kwenzeka. Ezifundweni ezimbili, kuze kufike ku-3.5% wabantu abathathe i-Invokana babenqunywe isitho. Uma kuqhathaniswa nabantu abangasitholanga lesi sidakamizwa, u-Invokana uyiphindaphinde ingozi yokunqunywa. Uzwane kanye ne-midfoot (indawo ye-arch) kwakuyizindawo ezivame kakhulu ukunqunywa. Kubikwe nokunye ukunqunywa umlenze.

Uma ukhathazekile ngalo mphumela wecala noma unemibuzo mayelana ne-Invokana, khuluma nodokotela wakho.

Uma ngiyeka ukuthatha i-Invokana, ngizoba nezimpawu zokuhoxa?

Ukumisa i-Invokana akuzibangeli izimpawu zokuhoxa. Kodwa-ke, kungadala ukuthi amazinga kashukela egazini akho akhule, angenza izimpawu zakho zesifo sikashukela zibe zimbi kakhulu.

Ungayeki ukuthatha i-Invokana ngaphandle kokukhuluma nodokotela wakho kuqala. Futhi uma nobabili ninquma ukuthi kufanele niyeke ukuthatha i-Invokana bese ninezimpawu ezikukhathazayo, qiniseka ukuthi utshela udokotela wakho. Bangakwazi ukuhlola ukuthi yini ebabangelayo futhi bakusize ubakhulule noma ubaphathe.

Izinyathelo zokuqapha ze-Invokana

Ngaphambi kokuthatha i-Invokana, khuluma nodokotela wakho ngomlando wakho wezempilo. I-Invokana ingahle ingakulungeli uma unezimo ezithile zezempilo. Lokhu kufaka phakathi:

Qaphela: Ngemininingwane ngemiphumela emibi engaba khona ye-Invokana, bona isigaba "semiphumela emibi ye-Invokana" ngenhla.

Ukweqisa ngokweqile kwe-Invokana

Ukuthatha kakhulu lo muthi kungakhuphula ubungozi bakho bemiphumela emibi kakhulu.

Izimpawu zokudlula ngokweqile

Kunolwazi oluncane kakhulu mayelana nezimpawu ongaba nazo uma uthatha kakhulu i-Invokana. Izimpawu zokweqisa ngokweqile zingafaka:

  • i-hypoglycemia enamandla (izinga eliphansi kakhulu likashukela egazini), elingadala ukuthuthumela, ukukhathazeka nokudideka
  • izinkinga zamathumbu, ezingadala uhudo, isicanucanu nokuhlanza
  • ukulimala kwezinso

Okufanele ukwenze uma kwenzeka ukweqisa ngokweqile

Uma ucabanga ukuthi uthathe kakhulu lo muthi, shayela udokotela wakho. Ungashayela futhi i-American Association of Poison Control Centers ku-800-222-1222 noma usebenzise ithuluzi labo eliku-inthanethi. Kepha uma izimpawu zakho zinzima, shayela u-911 noma uye egumbini lezimo eziphuthumayo eliseduze khona manjalo.

Ukuphelelwa yisikhathi kwe-Invokana

Uma uthola i-Invokana ekhemisi, usokhemisi uzokwengeza usuku lokuphelelwa yisikhathi kwilebula esebhodleleni. Lolu suku luvame ukuba unyaka owodwa kusukela ngosuku abanikeze ngalo umuthi.

Lezi zinsuku zokuphelelwa yisikhathi zisiza ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kwemithi ngalesi sikhathi. Isimo samanje se-Food and Drug Administration (i-FDA) ukugwema ukusebenzisa imishanguzo ephelelwe yisikhathi.

Ukuthi umuthi uhlala ulungile isikhathi eside kangakanani kungancika ezintweni eziningi, kufaka phakathi ukuthi uwugcina kanjani futhi kuphi.

Qiniseka ukuthi ugcina amaphilisi akho e-Invokana ekamelweni lokushisa cishe ngama-77 ° F (25 ° C) esitsheni esivaliwe ngokuqinile.

Uma ngabe usebenzise umuthi ongasadluli usuku lokuphelelwa yisikhathi, buza usokhemisi wakho ukuthi usengakwazi yini ukuwusebenzisa.

Imininingwane yobungcweti ye-Invokana

Imininingwane elandelayo inikezwa odokotela nabanye ochwepheshe bezempilo.

Izinkomba

I-Invokana igunyazwe yi-FDA ukuthi isetshenziswe kubantu abadala abane-type 2 diabetes mellitus ku:

  • Thuthukisa amazinga kashukela egazini, ngokuhlangana nokudla nokuzivocavoca umzimba.
  • Yehlisa ingozi yezinkinga ezinkulu zenhliziyo, kubantu abanesifo senhliziyo esaziwayo. Ngokuqondile, lesi sidakamizwa sehlisa ingozi yokufa kwenhliziyo, i-infarction ye-myocardial nonfatal, kanye nesifo sohlangothi esingazalanga.
  • Nciphisa ubungozi bezinkinga ezithile ze-nephropathy yesifo sikashukela kubantu abane-albinuria. Ngokuqondile, umuthi wehlisa ingozi yokuphindwa kabili kwe-creatinine egazini, isifo se-renal sokugcina, ukulaliswa esibhedlela ngenxa yokwehluleka kwenhliziyo, ukufa kwenhliziyo.

Indlela yokusebenza

I-Invokana ivimba i-sodium-glucose co-Transporter 2 (i-SGLT-2) kuma-tubules we-renal. Lokhu kuvimbela ukubuyiselwa kabusha kwe-glucose ehlungiwe kusuka kuma-tubules wezinso. Umphumela uba yi-osmotic diuresis ngenxa yokukhishwa ngokweqile kwe-glucose yomchamo.

I-Pharmacokinetics ne-metabolism

Ngemuva kokuphathwa ngomlomo, ukugxila okuphezulu kwenzeka ngaphakathi kwehora eli-1 kuya kwele-2. I-Invokana ingathathwa nokudla noma ngaphandle kokudla. Ukuthatha i-Invokana ngesidlo esiqukethe okunamafutha amaningi akunawo umthelela ku-pharmacokinetics yesidakamizwa. Kodwa-ke, ukuthatha i-Invokana ngaphambi kokudla kunganciphisa ushintsho lwe-glucose yangemuva kweprandial ngenxa yokubambezeleka kokufakwa kwe-glucose emathunjini. Ngenxa yalokhu, u-Invokana kufanele athathwe ngaphambi kwesidlo sokuqala sosuku.

Ukutholakala ngomlomo kwe-Invokana kungama-65%.

I-Invokana ngokuyinhloko ihlanganiswe yi-O-glucuronidation nge-UGT1A9 ne-UGT2B4. I-Metabolism nge-CYP3A4 ibhekwa njengendlela encane.

Impilo yengxenye ye-Invokana icishe ibe amahora angama-10.6 womthamo we-100-mg. Isikhathi sempilo simayelana namahora we-3.1 womthamo we-300-mg.

Ukulinganisa kabusha kwe-renal

Ezigulini ezine-eGFR engaphansi kuka-60 mL / min / 1.73 m2, lungisa umthamo we-Invokana. Gada umsebenzi wabo wezinso kaningi.

Izimo

I-Invokana iyaphikiswa kubantu aba:

  • ube nokuphendula okukhulu kwe-hypersensitivity ku-Invokana
  • bakwelashwa nge-dialysis

Isitoreji

I-Invokana kufanele igcinwe ku-77 ° F (25 ° C).

Ukuzikhulula: Izindaba Zokwelapha Namuhla wenze yonke imizamo yokuqinisekisa ukuthi lonke ulwazi luyiqiniso, luphelele futhi lusesikhathini. Kodwa-ke, le ndatshana akufanele isetshenziswe njengokungena esikhundleni solwazi nobungoti bochwepheshe bezokunakekelwa kwezempilo onelayisense. Kufanele uhlale uthintana nodokotela wakho noma omunye uchwepheshe wezokunakekelwa kwempilo ngaphambi kokuthatha noma imuphi umuthi. Imininingwane yezidakamizwa equkethwe lapha ingashintsha futhi ayihloselwe ukumboza konke ukusetshenziswa okungaba khona, izinkomba, izixwayiso, izexwayiso, ukuxhumana kwezidakamizwa, ukungezwani komzimba, noma imiphumela emibi. Ukungabikho kwezixwayiso noma olunye ulwazi lomuthi othile awukhombisi ukuthi inhlanganisela yezidakamizwa noma yezidakamizwa iphephile, iyasebenza, noma ilungele zonke iziguli noma konke ukusetshenziswa okuthile.

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