I-cholesterol: Ingabe I-Lipid?

-Delile

• Ukubuka konke
• Umsebenzi we-lipids emzimbeni wakho
• Ama-lipoprotein amancane kakhulu aqhathaniswa nama-lipoprotein aphezulu
• I-cholesterol ye-LDL
• I-cholesterol ye-HDL
• Ama-Triglycerides
• Ukulinganisa amazinga e-lipid
• Ukwelashwa
• Amathiphu okuphatha i-cholesterol

Ukubuka konke

Kungenzeka ukuthi uzwile amagama athi "lipids" kanye "cholesterol" asetshenziswe ngokungafani futhi wacabanga ukuthi asho into efanayo. Iqiniso liyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu kunalokho.

Ama-lipids angama-molecule anjengamafutha ajikeleza egazini lakho. Futhi zingatholakala kumaseli nezicubu emzimbeni wakho wonke.

Kunezinhlobo eziningana zama-lipids, lapho i-cholesterol yaziwa kakhulu khona.

I-cholesterol empeleni iyingxenye ye-lipid, ingxenye yamaprotheni. Kungakho izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene ze-cholesterol zibizwa ngama-lipoprotein.

Olunye uhlobo lwe-lipid yi-triglyceride.

Umsebenzi we-lipids emzimbeni wakho

Umzimba wakho udinga amanye ama-lipids ukuze uhlale uphilile. I-cholesterol, ngokwesibonelo, ikuwo wonke amaseli akho. Umzimba wakho wenza i-cholesterol eyidingayo, yona esiza umzimba wakho ukukhiqiza:

• ama-hormone athile
• uvithamini D
• ama-enzyme akusiza ukugaya ukudla
• izinto ezidingekayo ekusebenzeni kweseli okunempilo

Uthola ne-cholesterol ethize ekudleni okusekelwe ezilwaneni ekudleni kwakho, njenge:

• izikhupha zamaqanda
• ubisi olunamafutha agcwele
• inyama ebomvu
• i-Bacon

Amazinga aphakathi we-cholesterol emzimbeni wakho alungile. Amazinga aphezulu e-lipids, isimo esaziwa njenge-hyperlipidemia, noma i-dyslipidemia, akhulisa ubungozi besifo senhliziyo.

Ama-lipoprotein amancane kakhulu aqhathaniswa nama-lipoprotein aphezulu

Izinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko ze-cholesterol ngama-lipoprotein (LDL) kanye ne-high-density lipoproteins (HDL).

I-cholesterol ye-LDL

I-LDL ibhekwa njenge-cholesterol "embi" ngoba ingakha idiphozi ye-waxy ebizwa ngokuthi i-plaque emithanjeni yakho.

I-plaque yenza imithambo yakho yegazi iqine. Ingavala nemithambo yegazi yakho, yakhe indawo encane egazini lokujikeleza. Le nqubo ibizwa ngokuthi i-atherosclerosis. Kungenzeka futhi ukuthi wake wezwa kuthiwa "ukuqina kwemithambo yegazi."

Amapuleti angadabula futhi, achithe i-cholesterol namanye amafutha nemikhiqizo kadoti egazini lakho.

Ukuphendula ukuqhekeka, amaseli egazi abizwa ngama-platelets agijimela esizeni bese enza amahlule egazi ukusiza ukuqukatha izinto zangaphandle ezisegazini.

Uma ihlule legazi likhulu ngokwanele, lingavimba ngokuphelele ukuhamba kwegazi. Uma lokhu kwenzeka komunye wemithambo yenhliziyo, obizwa ngemithambo yenhliziyo, umphumela uba yisifo senhliziyo.

Lapho ihlule legazi livimba umthambo ebuchosheni noma umthambo ohambisa igazi uye ebuchosheni, kungadala isifo sohlangothi.

I-cholesterol ye-HDL

I-HDL yaziwa ngokuthi yi-cholesterol “enhle” ngoba umsebenzi wayo omkhulu ngukushanela i-LDL egazini lakho bese ibuyela esibindini.

Lapho i-LDL ibuyela esibindini, i-cholesterol iyawohloka bese idluliselwa isuka emzimbeni. I-HDL imelela cishe u-1/4 kuya ku-1/3 we-cholesterol esegazini.

Amazinga aphezulu e-LDL ahlotshaniswa nengozi ephezulu yokuhlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo nokushaywa unhlangothi. Izinga eliphakeme le-HDL, ngakolunye uhlangothi, lihlotshaniswa nobungozi besifo senhliziyo esiphansi.

Ama-Triglycerides

Ama-Triglycerides asiza ukugcina amanoni kumaseli akho ongawasebenzisela amandla. Uma udla ngokweqile futhi ungazivocavoci umzimba, amazinga akho e-triglyceride angakhuphuka. Ukuphuza ngokweqile nakho kuyingozi kuma-triglycerides aphezulu.

Njenge-LDL, amazinga aphezulu e-triglyceride abonakala exhunyaniswa nesifo senhliziyo. Lokho kusho ukuthi bangaphakamisa ingozi yokuhlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo nokushaywa unhlangothi.

Ukulinganisa amazinga e-lipid

Ukuhlolwa kwegazi okulula kungabonisa amazinga akho we-HDL, i-LDL, ne-triglycerides. Imiphumela ilinganiswa ngama-milligram nge-deciliter ngayinye (mg / dL). Nazi izinhloso ezijwayelekile zamazinga e-lipid:

Kodwa-ke, kunokuba ugxile ezinombolweni ezithile, udokotela wakho angancoma izinguquko ezahlukahlukene zokuphila ukusiza ukwehlisa ingozi yakho yesifo senhliziyo.

Indlela yendabuko yokubala i-cholesterol ye-LDL yathatha inani eliphelele le-cholesterol ngaphandle kwe-HDL cholesterol minus triglycerides ehlukaniswe ngo-5.

Kodwa-ke, abacwaningi baseJohns Hopkins bathole ukuthi le ndlela ayinembile kwabanye abantu, okwenza amazinga e-LDL abonakale ephansi kunalokho ayeyikho, ikakhulukazi lapho i-triglycerides yayingaphezu kuka-150 mg / dL.

Kusukela lapho, abacwaningi sebenze ifomula eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu yalokhu kubalwa.

Kungumqondo omuhle ukuthi amazinga akho e-cholesterol ahlolwe njalo eminyakeni embalwa, ngaphandle kokuthi udokotela wakho ancoma amasheke amaningi kaningi.

Uma usuvele uhlaselwe yisifo senhliziyo noma isifo sohlangothi, ungelulekwa ukuba uhlolwe i-cholesterol yakho minyaka yonke noma kaningi.

Isincomo esifanayo siqinisile uma unezinto ezinobungozi bokuhlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo, njenge:

• umfutho wegazi ophakeme
• isifo sikashukela
• umlando wokubhema
• umlando womndeni wesifo senhliziyo

Udokotela wakho futhi angafuna uku-oda isheke le-cholesterol ejwayelekile uma usanda kuqala umuthi wokusiza ukwehlisa izinga lakho le-LDL ukubona ukuthi umuthi uyasebenza yini.

Izinga le-LDL livame ukukhuphuka njengoba abantu bekhula. Okufanayo akulona iqiniso ngamazinga we-HDL. Ukuphila ngokuhlala phansi kungaholela emazingeni aphansi e-HDL naku-LDL aphezulu nezinombolo eziphelele ze-cholesterol.

Ukwelashwa

I-Dyslipidemia iyingozi enkulu yesifo senhliziyo, kodwa kubantu abaningi, iyelapheka. Kanye nokushintsha kokudla nezindlela zokuphila, abantu abanamazinga aphezulu e-LDL bavame ukudinga imithi yokusiza ukugcina amazinga e-LDL ebangeni eliphilile.

Izitatimende ziphakathi kwemithi esetshenziswa kakhulu ukusiza ukuphatha i-cholesterol. Le mithi ivame ukubekezelelwa kahle futhi iyasebenza kakhulu.

Kunezinhlobo eziningana zama-statins emakethe. Ngamunye usebenza ngokuhlukile, kodwa konke kuklanyelwe ukwehlisa amazinga e-LDL egazini.

Uma unikezwe i-statin, kodwa unemiphumela emibi efana nobuhlungu bemisipha, tshela udokotela wakho. Umthamo ophansi noma uhlobo oluhlukile lwe-statin lungasebenza futhi kunciphise noma yimiphi imiphumela emibi.

Ungadinga ukusebenzisa ama-statins noma esinye isidakamizwa esehlisa i-cholesterol impilo yakho yonke. Akufanele uyeke ukuthatha umuthi ngaphandle kokuthi udokotela wakho akuyalele ukuthi wenze kanjalo, noma ngabe usufinyelele izinhloso zakho ze-cholesterol.

Eminye imithi esiza amazinga aphansi e-LDL ne-triglyceride angafaka:

• izinhlaka ze-bile acid-binding
• ama-cholesterol absorption inhibitors
• inhlanganisela ye-cholesterol absorption inhibitor ne-statin
• ama-fibrate
• i-niacin
• inhlanganisela statin ne-niacin
• PCSK9 inhibitors

Ngemithi nangendlela yokuphila enempilo, abantu abaningi bangaphatha ngempumelelo i-cholesterol yabo.

Amathiphu okuphatha i-cholesterol

Ngokungeziwe kuma-statins noma eminye imishanguzo yokwehlisa i-cholesterol, ungakwazi ukuthuthukisa iphrofayili yakho ye-lipid ngezinye zezinguquko zendlela yokuphila elandelayo:

• Yidla ukudla okune-cholesterol enamafutha amaningi, efana naleyo efaka inyama ebomvu kakhulu, inyama enamafutha nobisi olunamafutha aphelele. Zama ukudla okusanhlamvu okuphelele, amantongomane, i-fiber, nezithelo nemifino emisha. Ukudla okunempilo enhliziyweni nakho kushukela nosawoti omncane. Uma udinga usizo lokuthuthukisa lolu hlobo lokudla, udokotela wakho angakudlulisela kusazi sokudla.
• Vivinya kakhulu izinsuku, uma kungezona zonke, zesonto. I-American Heart Association incoma okungenani imizuzu engu-150 yokuvivinya umzimba ngamandla, njengokuhamba ngamandla, njalo ngesonto. Ukuvivinya umzimba okuningi kuhlotshaniswa namazinga aphansi e-LDL namazinga aphezulu we-HDL.
• Landela izincomo zikadokotela wakho ngokusebenza kwegazi okujwayelekile futhi unake amazinga akho e-lipid. Imiphumela yakho yelabhu ingashintsha kakhulu kusuka onyakeni uye komunye. Ukwamukela ukudla okunempilo yenhliziyo ngokuzivocavoca umzimba njalo, ukunciphisa umkhawulo wotshwala, ukungabhemi, nokuthatha imishanguzo yakho njengoba kunqunyiwe kungasiza ekuthuthukiseni i-cholesterol yakho ne-triglycerides futhi kwehlise ingozi yesifo senhliziyo.