Kungani Ukukhuluphala Kungabhekwa Njengesifo

-Delile

• Kukalwa kanjani ukukhuluphala?
• Inkomba yesisindo somzimba
• Umjikelezo wesinqe
• Siyini isifo?
• Izizathu ukukhuluphala kubhekwa njengesifo
• Izizathu ukukhuluphala akubhekwa njengesifo
• Isimo esiyinkimbinkimbi sokukhuluphala

Ukukhuluphala kuyinkinga eyinkimbinkimbi yezempilo yomphakathi ochwepheshe bezokwelapha manje abavuma ukuthi inezici eziningi. Lokhu kufaka phakathi izimbangela zomzimba, ezingokwengqondo nezofuzo.

Sizokuchaza ukukhuluphala njengoba kwenza ochwepheshe bezokwelapha njengamanje. Sizophinde sibuyekeze izitatimende nempikiswano evela emphakathini wezokwelapha mayelana nokuthi ngabe abantu kufanele babheke ukukhuluphala njengesifo.

Izinhlangano ezinkulu zezokwelapha zibheka ukukhuluphala ngokweqile njengesifo, kuyilapho abanye ochwepheshe bezokwelapha bengavumelani nalokhu. Nakhu ukuthi kungani.

Kukalwa kanjani ukukhuluphala?

Odokotela babheka ukukhuluphala njengesimo lapho umuntu eba namafutha omzimba amaningi ngokweqile, okwaziwa nangokuthi izicubu ze-adipose. Kwesinye isikhathi odokotela bangasebenzisa igama elithi “ukuthanda izinto.” Leli gama lichaza isimo sezicubu zamafutha ngokweqile emzimbeni.

Ukuthwala lawa mafutha ongeziwe kungadala izinkinga zempilo, kufaka phakathi uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela, isifo somfutho wegazi ophakeme nesifo senhliziyo.

Odokotela basebenzisa izilinganiso ezifana nesisindo somzimba, ukuphakama komzimba, nokwakha umzimba ukuchaza ukukhuluphala. Ezinye zezilinganiso zifaka:

Inkomba yesisindo somzimba

Ukubalwa kwesisindo somzimba (BMI) isisindo samakhilogremu ahlukaniswe ngobude ngamasentimitha ayisikwele, siphindaphindwe ngo-703, esisetshenziselwa ukuguqula isilinganiso sibe yiyunithi ye-BMI nge-kg / m².

Isibonelo, umuntu onamamitha ama-5, ama-intshi ama-6 ubude namakhilogremu ayi-150 angaba ne-BMI engu-24.2 kg / m².

I-American Society for Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery ichaza izigaba ezintathu zokukhuluphala ngokususelwa ebangeni le-BMI:Isifo sokukhuluphala ngokweqile. (ng). https://asmbs.org/patients/disease-of-obesity

• isigaba 1 ukukhuluphala: i-BMI engama-30 kuye kwangama-34.9
• ukukhuluphala kwesigaba II, noma ukukhuluphala ngokweqile: i-BMI engama-35 kuye kwangama-39.9
• ukukhuluphala kwesigaba III, noma ukukhuluphala ngokweqile: i-BMI engama-40 nangaphezulu

I-calculator ye-BMI efana naleyo enikezwe yi-noma yi-Diabetes Canada ingaba yindawo yokuqala, yize i-BMI iyodwa ingasho ukuthi yini enempilo kumuntu ngamunye.

Umjikelezo wesinqe

Ukuba nenani elikhudlwana lamafutha esiswini ahlobene nawo wonke umzimba kubanga ingozi enkulu yezinkinga zempilo. Ngakho-ke umuntu angaba ne-BMI esezingeni "lokukhuluphala ngokweqile" (isigaba ngaphambi kokukhuluphala), kepha odokotela bababheka njengabakhuluphele phakathi ngenxa yobubanzi besinqe sabo.

Ungathola umkhawulo wokhalo lwakho ngokulinganisa ukhalo lwakho ngenhla nje kwamathambo akho. Ngokusho kwe-CDC, umuntu usengozini enkulu yezimo ezihlobene nokukhuluphala lapho ubukhulu bezinqe zabo bungaphezu kwamasentimitha angama-40 kowesilisa no-35 amayintshi kowesifazane ongakhulelwe.Mayelana ne-BMI yabantu abadala. (2017).

Izilinganiso ezinjenge-BMI nobubanzi besinqe ziwukulinganiswa kwenani lamafutha umuntu anawo. Abaphelele.

Isibonelo, abanye abakhi bomzimba nabagijimi bokusebenza bangaba nemisipha kangangoba bane-BMI ewela ebangeni lokukhuluphala.

Odokotela abaningi bazosebenzisa i-BMI ukwenza isilinganiso sabo esihle kakhulu ngokukhuluphala kumuntu, kepha lokhu kungenzeka kunganembi kuwo wonke umuntu.

Siyini isifo?

Ngemuva kwezilinganiso ezichaza ukukhuluphala, odokotela kumele babheke ukuthi igama elithi “isifo” lisho ukuthini. Lokhu kubonakale kunzima maqondana nokukhuluphala.

Ngokwesibonelo, ikhomishini yochwepheshe yango-2008 ye-The Obesity Society yazama ukuchaza “isifo.”U-Allison DB, et al. (2012). Ukukhuluphala ngokweqile njengesifo: Iphepha elimhlophe elinobufakazi nezimpikiswano ezithunyelwe ngumkhandlu we-The Obesity Society. INGABE:
10.1038 / oby.2008.231 Baphetha ngokuthi leli gama liyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu ukuba lingachazwa ngokugcwele. Ngokungafani nezilinganiso zesayensi ezine-equation nezinombolo ezingemuva kwazo, "isifo" asikwazi ukuba nencazelo enqamulelayo neyomile.

Ngisho nencazelo yesichazamazwi ayicacisi igama elingaphezu kokujwayelekile. Isibonelo, nansi eyodwa ekuMerriam-Webster's:

"Isimo sesilwane esiphilayo noma somzimba wesitshalo noma esinye sezitho saso esonakalisa ukusebenza okujwayelekile futhi ngokujwayelekile sikhonjiswa ngokuhlukanisa izimpawu nezimpawu."

Lokho odokotela abakwaziyo kunomehluko ekutheni umphakathi, izinkampani zomshuwalense, kanye nezikhungo ezehlukene zezempilo basibheka kanjani isimo abaningi abasibona njengesifo uma kuqhathaniswa nesingenjalo.

Ngo-2013, amalungu e-American Medical Association (AMA) House of Delegates avota engqungqutheleni yawo yaminyaka yonke ukuchaza ukukhuluphala njengesifo.UKyle T, et al. (2017). Mayelana nokukhuluphala njengesifo: Izinqubomgomo eziguqukayo nemithelela yazo. INGABE:
Lesi sinqumo sibe nempikiswano ngandlela thile ngoba siphikisana nezincomo zoMkhandlu Wezesayensi Nezempilo Yomphakathi we-AMA.UPollack A. (2013). I-AMA ibona ukukhuluphala njengesifo. I-New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2013/06/19/business/ama-recognizes-obesity-as-a-disease.html

Umkhandlu wawusicwaningile lesi sihloko futhi awuzange utuse ukuthi izihambeli zichaze ukukhuluphala ngokweqile njengesifo. Kodwa-ke, izithunywa zenze izincomo zazo ngoba azikho izindlela ezinokwethenjelwa neziphelele zokukala ukukhuluphala.

Isinqumo se-AMA sivuse impikiswano eqhubekayo ngobunzima bokukhuluphala, kufaka phakathi nokuthi singaphathwa kanjani ngempumelelo.

Izizathu ukukhuluphala kubhekwa njengesifo

Iminyaka yocwaningo iholele odokotela ukuthi baphethe ngokuthi ukukhuluphala ngokweqile kuyisimo sempilo esingaphezu komqondo "wama-calories-in, calories-out".

Isibonelo, odokotela bathole ukuthi ezinye izakhi zofuzo zingakhuphula amazinga endlala yomuntu, okuholela ekutheni badle ukudla okuningi.Ukukhuluphala kwabantu abadala kubangela nemiphumela. (2017).
Lokhu kungaba nomthelela ekukhuluphaleni ngokweqile.

Futhi, ezinye izifo noma ukuphazamiseka kwezokwelapha kungadala ukuthi umuntu akhuluphale. Izibonelo zifaka:

• i-hypothyroidism
• Isifo sikaCushing
• i-polycystic ovary syndrome

Ukuthatha imishanguzo ethile yezinye izimo zezempilo nakho kungaholela ekutholeni isisindo. Izibonelo zifaka ezinye izidakamizwa zokucindezeleka.

Odokotela futhi bayazi ukuthi abantu ababili abalinganayo bangadla ukudla okufanayo, kanti omunye angakhuluphala kanti omunye akayona. Lokhu kungenxa yezici ezinjengezinga lomuntu lokunciphisa umzimba (mangaki ama-calories umzimba osha uphumule) nezinye izinto zezempilo.

I-AMA akuyona kuphela inhlangano ebona ukukhuluphala njengesifo. Ezinye ezibandakanya:

• I-World Health Organization
• I-World Obesity Federation
• ICanada Medical Association
• Ukukhuluphala eCanada

Izizathu ukukhuluphala akubhekwa njengesifo

Akubona bonke ochwepheshe bezokwelapha abavumelana ne-AMA. Lezi ngezinye zezizathu ezimbalwa abanye abangawenqaba ngazo umqondo wokuthi ukukhuluphala ngokweqile kuyisifo, uma kubhekwa izindlela ezikhona zokulinganisa ukukhuluphala nezimpawu zaso:

Ayikho indlela ecacile yokukala ukukhuluphala. Ngoba inkomba yomzimba ayisebenzi kuwo wonke umuntu, njengabasubathi bokukhuthazela kanye nabasindisi besisindo, odokotela abakwazi ukusebenzisa i-BMI ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuchaza ukukhuluphala.

Ukukhuluphala akubonisi njalo impilo ebuthaka. Ukukhuluphala kungaba yingozi kwezinye izimo zezokwelapha, kepha akuqinisekisi ukuthi umuntu uzoba nezinkinga zempilo.

Abanye odokotela abathandi ukubiza ukukhuluphala ngokweqile ngokuthi yisifo ngoba ukukhuluphala ngokweqile akubangi njalo imiphumela emibi yezempilo.

Ziningi izinto ezithonya ukukhuluphala, ezinye zazo ezingalawulwa. Ngenkathi ukukhetha kokudla nezinga lomsebenzi womzimba kungadlala indima, kanjalo nezakhi zofuzo.

Abanye ochwepheshe bezokwelapha bazwakalisa ukukhathazeka ngokuthi ukubiza ukukhuluphala ngokweqile ngokuthi isifo “kungakhuthaza isiko lokunganakwa komuntu siqu.”Stoner K, et al. (2014). Ngabe i-American Medical Association yenze isinqumo esifanele ukuhlukanisa ukukhuluphala njengesifo? INGABE:
Ngoba odokotela bahlala befuna ukuthi iziguli zabo zibambe iqhaza elibonakalayo empilweni yabo, abanye bakhathazeka ngokubeka ukukhuluphala njengesifo kungathinta indlela abantu abayiphatha ngayo impilo yabo noma bacabange ngezinketho zabo nangamakhono abo.

Ukuchaza ukukhuluphala njengesifo kungakhuphula ukubandlululwa kwalabo abanokukhuluphala. Amanye amaqembu, afana ne-Fat Acceptance at Every Size ukunyakaza kanye ne-International Size Acceptance Association, aveze ukukhathazeka ngokuthi ukuchaza ukukhuluphala njengesifo kuvumela abanye ukuthi baqhubeke bahlukanise futhi babeke abantu njengabantu abakhuluphele.

Isimo esiyinkimbinkimbi sokukhuluphala

Ukukhuluphala kuyinkinga eyinkimbinkimbi nengokomzwelo kubantu abaningi. Abaphenyi bayazi ukuthi kunezinto eziningi ezisetshenziswayo, kufaka phakathi izakhi zofuzo, indlela yokuphila, isayikholoji, imvelo, nokuningi.

Ezinye izici zokukhuluphala ngokweqile ziyagwenywa - umuntu angenza ushintsho ekudleni kwakhe nasekwenzeni umzimba ukuze akhe futhi alondoloze impilo yenhliziyo yakhe, amandla amaphaphu, ibanga nokushesha kokunyakaza, nokunethezeka.

Kodwa-ke, odokotela bayazi ukuthi abanye abantu benza lolu shintsho, kepha nokho abakwazi ukwehlisa isisindo esikhulu.

Ngalezi zizathu, impikiswano mayelana nokukhuluphala njengesifo kungenzeka iqhubeke kuze kuvele ezinye izindlela zokuthola ukukhuluphala ngamanani nangokwethenjelwa.