Kusho ukuthini "iwindi lomzimba lokuvikela i-HIV"?

-Delile

• Uzohlolelwa nini i-HIV
• Uyini umehluko phakathi kwewindi lomzimba nesikhathi sokufukamela?
• Uyini umphumela wamanga omubi?
• Iwindi lokuzivikela kwezinye izifo

Iwindi le-immunological lihambelana nesikhathi esiphakathi kokuthintana ne-ejenti elithathelwanayo nesikhathi esithatha umzimba ukukhiqiza amasosha omzimba anele okutheleleka angabonakala ekuhlolweni kwelabhorethri. Mayelana negciwane lesandulela ngculaza, kubhekwa ukuthi iwindi lakho lomzimba liyizinsuku ezingama-30, okungukuthi, kuthatha okungenani izinsuku ezingama-30 ukuthi igciwane litholakale ngokuhlolwa kwelabhorethri.

Kubalulekile ukwazi iwindi lomzimba lokungenwa yizifo ukuvimbela umphumela ongemuhle omubi ekukhululweni, isibonelo, ngaphezu kokubaluleka maqondana nenqubo yokunikela nokumpontshelwa igazi. Ngakho-ke, kunconywa ukuthi ngesikhathi sezivivinyo noma ukunikelwa ngegazi, kwaziswe imininingwane ephathelene nokuziphatha okuyingozi, njengokuhlanganyela izinaliti nemijovo noma ukuya ocansini ngaphandle kwamakhondomu.

Uzohlolelwa nini i-HIV

Iwindi lomzimba lokuvikela i-HIV liyizinsuku ezingama-30, kepha kuya ngesimiso somzimba sokuzivikela somuntu kanye nohlobo lwegciwane, kungenzeka ukuthi iwindi lomzimba lokuvikela i-HIV lifike ezinyangeni ezintathu. Ngakho-ke, kunconywa ukuthi ukuhlolwa kwe-HIV kwenziwe ezinsukwini ezingama-30 ngemuva kokuziphatha okuyingozi, okungukuthi, ngemuva kokuya ocansini ngaphandle kwekhondomu, ukuze kube nesikhathi esanele sokuthi umzimba ukhiqize amasosha omzimba alingene negciwane ukuze atholakale ngokuhlolwa kwe-serological noma yamangqamuzana.

Kwabanye abantu, umzimba uyakwazi ukukhiqiza inani elanele lama-antibodies athile alwa ne-HIV cishe ezinsukwini ezingama-30 ngemuva kokuziphatha okuyingozi, njengokuya ocansini olungaphephile, noma ngabe azikho izimpawu. Ngakho-ke, kunconywa ukuthi ukuhlolwa kokuqala kwe-HIV kwenziwe okungenani ezinsukwini ezingama-30 ngemuva kokuziphatha okuyingozi, ukuhlonipha iwindi lomzimba, futhi kufanele kuphindwe ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-30 nezingama-60 ngemuva kovivinyo lokuqala, noma ngabe ukuhlolwa bekungekho nokuthi izimpawu akuvelanga.

Ngakho-ke, kungenzeka ukuthi umzimba ukhiqize amasosha omzimba anele alwa negciwane le-HIV, kungenzeka ukuthi alithole esivivinyweni futhi ngaleyo ndlela agweme imiphumela engeyinhle.

Uyini umehluko phakathi kwewindi lomzimba nesikhathi sokufukamela?

Ngokungafani newindi lomzimba, isikhathi sokufukamela sicabangela izimpawu. Lokho wukuthi, isikhathi sokufukamela se-ejenti ethathelwanayo enikeziwe sihambelana nesikhathi esiphakathi kwesikhathi sokutheleleka nokuvela kwezimpawu zokuqala, ezihluka ngohlobo lokutheleleka.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, iwindi lomzimba yisikhathi esiphakathi kokutheleleka nokutholwa ngokusebenzisa izivivinyo, okusho ukuthi, isikhathi esithathwa ngumzimba ukukhiqiza izimpawu ezithile (amasosha omzimba) ohlobo lokutheleleka. Ngakho-ke, endabeni yegciwane lesandulela ngculaza, ngokwesibonelo, iwindi lokuzivikela komzimba lisukela emavikini amabili kuye ezinyangeni ezintathu, kepha isikhathi sokufukamela siphakathi kwezinsuku eziyi-15 nezingama-30.

Ngaphandle kwalokhu, umuntu onegciwane lesandulela ngculaza angadlula iminyaka ngaphandle kokubonwa kwezimpawu zokutheleleka, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuthi ukutheleleka kubhekwe ngezikhathi ezithile futhi ukuhlolwa kwenziwa ngemuva kokuziphatha okuyingozi, ukuhlonipha iwindi lomzimba. Funda ukuthi ungazibona kanjani izimpawu zokuqala ze-AIDS.

Uyini umphumela wamanga omubi?

Umphumela ongemuhle ongemuhle yilowo owenziwa ngesikhathi se-immunological ye-ejenti elithathelwanayo, okungukuthi, amasosha omzimba awakwazi ukukhiqiza amasosha omzimba anele alwa ne-ejenti elithathelwanayo ukuze abonakale ekuhlolweni kwelabhorethri.

Yingakho kubalulekile ukwazi iwindi lokuvikela izifo ukuze umphumela okhishwe ube yiqiniso ngangokunokwenzeka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezimweni zezifo ezingadluliselwa ngokuxhumana ngocansi noma ngokumpontshelwa igazi, njenge-HIV kanye ne-hepatitis B, ngokwesibonelo, kubalulekile ukuthi imininingwane enikezwe udokotela iyiqiniso ukuze kungabikho seroconversion ngaleso sikhathi ngokwesibonelo, ngokumpontshelwa igazi.

Iwindi lokuzivikela kwezinye izifo

Ukwazi iwindi le-immunological yezifo kubalulekile ukuthi wazi ukuthi yisiphi isikhathi esikahle sokwenza isivivinyo nokugwema imiphumela engeyona eyamanga, kanye nezinqubo zokunikela ngegazi kanye nokumpontshelwa, ngoba lezi zinqubo zingaletha ingozi kumnikelo womamukeli lapho umnikeli eyingozi indlela yokuziphatha angazisanga ngayo ekuhlolweni.

Ngakho-ke, iwindi lomzimba lokuvikela i-hepatitis B liphakathi kwezinsuku ezingama-30 nezingama-60, lelo le-hepatitis C eliphakathi kwezinsuku ezingama-50 nezingama-70 nokuthi lokutheleleka ngegciwane le-HTLV kuphakathi kwezinsuku ezingama-20 nezingama-90. Endabeni yogcunsula, iwindi le-immunological liyahlukahluka ngokuya ngesigaba sesifo, noma kunjalo, ezimweni eziningi, sekuvele kungenzeka ukuthola amasosha omzimba alwa nesifo I-Treponema pallidum, umenzeli we-syphilis, cishe amasonto ama-3 ngemuva kokutheleleka.