Qedela Umhlahlandlela Wegazi

-Delile

• Izinhlobo ze-Leukemia
• Izimpawu ze-leukemia
• Ukuxilongwa kwe-leukemia
• Ukwelashwa kwe-leukemia
• Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali
• I-Immunotherapy
• I-Radiotherapy
• Ukufakelwa komnkantsha wethambo
• Ingabe i-leukemia iyelapha?
• Yini ebangela i-leukemia

I-leukemia wuhlobo lomdlavuza oluthinta amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi, awaziwa nangokuthi ama-leukocyte, okungamaseli wokuzivikela omzimba. Lesi sifo siqala emnkantsheni wethambo, okuyiwona maphakathi wamathambo, owaziwa kakhulu ngokuthi 'umnkantsha wamathambo' futhi usakazeka emzimbeni ngegazi, uvimbele noma uvimbele ukukhiqizwa kwamangqamuzana egazi abomvu, amaplatelets namaseli amhlophe egazi, futhi ngoba yalowo anemia, izifo kanye nokopha kuyavela.

I-leukemia yisifo esibi esidinga ukwelashwa, esingenziwa ngamakhemikhali, ukwelashwa ngemisebe noma ukufakelwa umnkantsha wethambo, isibonelo. Ukhetho lokwelashwa luyahlukahluka ngokuya ngohlobo lwe-leukemia umuntu anayo nobukhali bayo, obuye bunqume ukuthi umuntu angalapheka ngokuphelele noma cha.

Izinhlobo ze-Leukemia

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko ze-leukemia, i-Lymphoid ne-Myeloid, engahlukaniswa njenge-Acute noma Engapheli, kepha kusekhona amanye ama-subtypes ama-4, njengoba kukhonjisiwe ngezansi:

• I-Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Ikhula ngokushesha futhi ingathinta nabantu abadala noma izingane. Ukwelashwa kungenziwa nge-chemotherapy kanye / noma ukufakelwa umnkantsha futhi unamathuba angama-80% okwelashwa.
• I-leukemia engapheli ye-myeloid: Ikhula kancane futhi ivame kakhulu kubantu abadala. Ukwelashwa kungenziwa ngokusetshenziswa kwemithi ethile yempilo.
• I-leukemia enamandla ye-lymphoid: Ithuthuka ngokushesha futhi ingenzeka ezinganeni noma kubantu abadala. Ukwelashwa kungenziwa nge-radiotherapy kanye ne-chemotherapy, kepha ukufakelwa umnkantsha wethambo nakho kuyindlela lapho ukwelashwa kwangaphambilini kwehluleka ukwelapha lesi sifo.
• I-lymphoid leukemia Engamahlalakhona: Ikhula kancane futhi ithinta asebekhulile kaningi. Ukwelashwa akudingekile ngaso sonke isikhathi.
• I-T noma i-NK granular lymphocytic leukemia: Lolu hlobo lwe-leukemia lukhula kancane, kepha inani elincane lingaba nolaka futhi kube nzima ukulwelapha.
• Ulaka lwe-NK cell leukemia: Kungabangelwa igciwane le-Epstein-Barr, lithinta intsha kanye nabantu abadala, ukuba nolaka. Ukwelashwa kwenziwa nge-chemotherapy.
• I-T-cell leukemia yabantu abadala: Idalwa yigciwane (i-HTLV-1), i-retrovirus efana ne-HIV, futhi inobungozi obukhulu. Ukwelashwa akuphumeleli kakhulu kepha kwenziwa nge-chemotherapy kanye nokufakwa komnkantsha wethambo.
• I-leukemia yeseli lezinwele: Luhlobo lwe-lymphocytic leukemia engapheli, ethinta amaseli abonakala sengathi anezinwele, athinta kakhulu amadoda, angatholakali ezinganeni.

Uhlobo lwe-leukemia umuntu analo lunqunywa ngokuhlolwa okuthile, kubalulekile ukuthi wazi ukuthi yiluphi ukwelashwa okufanelekile.

Izimpawu ze-leukemia

Izimpawu zokuqala ze-leukemia umkhuhlane omkhulu olandelwa ukubanda, ukujuluka ebusuku nokuncipha ngaphandle kwesizathu esizwakalayo, bese kuthi ezinye izimpawu zivele, njenge:

• Izilimi ezifuthelene entanyeni, emakhwapheni nangemuva nje kwethambo lendololwana, ngokwezobuchwepheshe zibizwa ngendololwane fossa, okungenye yezimpawu zesifo;
• Ukwandiswa kobende obangela ubuhlungu esifundeni esingenhla kwesobunxele sesisu;
• I-anemia edala izimpawu ezifana nokukhathala, i-pallor kanye nokozela;
• Ukuhlushwa okuphansi kwama-platelet egazini;
• Ukutheleleka, njenge-candidiasis yomlomo, nasesiswini (i-thrush) noma i-pneumonia engajwayelekile;
• Ubuhlungu emathanjeni nasemalungeni;
• Umjuluko wasebusuku;
• Amabala ansomi esikhunjeni;
• Ubuhlungu emathanjeni nasemalungeni;
• Ukopha okulula ngamakhala, izinsini, noma ukopha okunzima ngaphandle kwesizathu.
• Ukuphathwa ikhanda, isicanucanu, ukuhlanza, ukubona kabili nokuphazamiseka kwenzeka lapho kuthinteka isimiso sezinzwa esiyinhloko.

Lezi zimpawu zivame kakhulu ku-leukemia enamandla, ngoba njengoba i-leukemia engapheli iqhubeka kancane, kungatholwa ngokungenamqondo ekuhlolweni okujwayelekile njengokubala okuphelele kwegazi, isibonelo.

Ukuxilongwa kwe-leukemia

Ukuxilongwa kwenziwa yi-hematologist noma i-oncologist ngemuva kokubona ezinye izimpawu nezimpawu kanye nemiphumela yokuhlolwa okufana nokubalwa kwegazi, i-myelogram, i-computed tomography, i-resonance kazibuthe futhi ikakhulukazi i-bone marrow biopsy. Kwezinye izimo, kungahle kudingeke ukuthi kwenziwe ukuhlolwa kwe-CSF, okubizwa ngokuthi i-lumbar puncture, ukuhlola uketshezi olugudluza isimiso sezinzwa esiyinhloko.

Ukwelashwa kwe-leukemia

I-leukemia ingelashwa ngalezi zindlela ezilandelayo: i-chemotherapy, i-immunotherapy, i-radiotherapy, ukufakelwa umnkantsha wethambo noma inhlanganisela yezindlela ezahlukahlukene zokwelashwa, kuya ngohlobo lwe-leukemia umuntu anayo, nesigaba okuso lesi sifo.

Endabeni ye-leukemia enamandla, ukwelashwa kufanele kuqalwe ngokushesha okukhulu ukulwa nezimpawu nokuvikela ukuthi lesi sifo singabi sibi kakhulu. Izimo eziningi zingelashwa ngokuphelele, ngemithi ekhonjiswe ngudokotela. Endabeni ye-leukemia engapheli, lesi sifo kungenzeka singabi nazo izimpawu, kepha asikwazi ukwelashwa, yize umuntu engalashwa 'ukunakekelwa' ukuvimbela ukuqala kwezimpawu kuyo yonke impilo nokugcina lolu hlobo lomdlavuza lulawulwa.

Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali

I-Chemotherapy iqukethe ukusetshenziswa kwemithi ethile yomdlavuza, engafakwa ngqo emthanjeni ngesikhathi sokulaliswa esibhedlela. Lokhu kwelashwa kuvame ukwenziwa ngemijikelezo, ngoba kwenziwa kanye ngesonto, ngemithi e-1 kuphela, noma inhlanganisela yesi-2 noma yesi-3. Kwezinye izimo, izikhathi zingenziwa ngezikhathi zamasonto noma ezinyangeni.

I-Immunotherapy

I-Immunotherapy iyindlela yokwelapha efana ne-chemotherapy, ngoba iqukethe ukusebenzisa izidakamizwa ngqo emthanjeni, kepha le mithi isebenza ngokuhlukile, futhi ingama-antibody monoclonal, okuyizinto ezibopha amaseli
ama-carcinogens, avumela uhlelo lokuzivikela lomzimba ukuqeda amangqamuzana e-tumor egazini nasemnkantsheni wethambo.

I-Radiotherapy

Kuqukethe ukusetshenziswa kwemisebe ebuchosheni, ebuchosheni noma kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba, kwezinye izimo kungaqondiswa kuwo wonke umzimba, njengoba kwenzeka ngaphambi kokufakelwa komnkantsha wethambo, ngokwesibonelo.

Ukufakelwa komnkantsha wethambo

Ukufakelwa komnkantsha wethambo kuqukethe ukususa ingxenye yomnkantsha ethangeni lomuntu onempilo ehambisana nomuntu ogulayo, futhi lawa afriziwe aze asetshenziswe ngesikhathi esifanele. Isikhathi esikahle sokubeka umnkantsha onikelwayo sinqunywa udokotela, futhi kungenzeka ngemuva kokuqeda ukwelashwa kwe-chemo ne-radiotherapy. Umgomo ukuthatha indawo yamaseli amabi bese ubuyela ekukhiqizeni amangqamuzana egazi anempilo.

Ingabe i-leukemia iyelapha?

Kwezinye izimo, i-leukemia iyelapheka, ikakhulukazi lapho itholakala kusenesikhathi futhi kwelashwa ngokushesha, kepha-ke kunezimo lapho umzimba womuntu usuvele ubuthakathaka kangangokuba ukwelashwa kwalesi sifo akutholakali. Ukufakelwa komnkantsha wethambo kungamela ukwelashwa kwe-leukemia kwabanye, kepha kunezinkinga ngakho-ke akuyona njalo inketho ekhonjiswa odokotela kubo bonke abantu abathintekile.

Njengamanje, ezinye iziguli ezine-acute leukemia zithola ukuxolelwa okuphelele kwalesi sifo futhi zihlala iminyaka eminingi, futhi izingane eziningi ezine-acute lymphocytic leukemia zingelashwa. Okufanelekile ukukhuluma nodokotela oqaphe leli cala ukuthola ukuthi yiziphi izinyathelo ezilandelayo zokwelashwa ezizoba nokuthi yini engalindelwa.

Yini ebangela i-leukemia

Izimbangela ze-leukemia azaziwa ngokugcwele kepha okwaziwayo ukuthi ezinye izinhlobo zemvelo zofuzo zithanda ukuthuthukiswa kwalesi sifo. I-leukemia ayilona ifa futhi ayidluli isuke kubaba iye endodaneni, futhi ayithelelani ngakho-ke ayidlulisi iye kwabanye abantu. Ezinye izinto ezingadala ukuthi i-leukemia yenzeke zibandakanya imiphumela ye-irradiation, ukuvezwa kwezidakamizwa, kufaka phakathi ukubhema, izici zomzimba nezinhlobo ezithile zamagciwane.