Yini i-acute leukemia, izimpawu kanye nokwelashwa

-Delile

• Izimpawu ze-acute leukemia
• I-leukemia ebuntwaneni
• Ukwelashwa kwe-acute leukemia
• Ingabe i-leukemia enamandla ingalapheka?

I-Acute leukemia wuhlobo lomdlavuza oluhlobene nokungajwayelekile komnkantsha wamathambo, okuholela ekukhiqizeni okungavamile kwamangqamuzana egazi. I-leukemia enamandla ingahlukaniswa nge-myeloid noma i-lymphoid ngokuya ngezimpawu zomakhalekhukhwini ezikhonjwe nge-immunophenotyping, okuyindlela yaselebhu esetshenziselwa ukuhlukanisa amaseli afana kakhulu ekubukeni okuncane.

Lolu hlobo lwe-leukemia luvame kakhulu ezinganeni nasebancane futhi lubonakala ngokuba nokuqhuma okungaphezu kwama-20% egazini, okungamaseli amancane egazi, nangegebe lesifo segazi, elihambelana nokungabikho kwamangqamuzana aphakathi nendawo phakathi ukuqhuma kanye nama-neutrophils avuthiwe.

Ukwelashwa kwe-leukemia enamandla kwenziwa ngokumpontshelwa igazi nangemithi yokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali endaweni yesibhedlela kuze kube yilapho izimpawu zomtholampilo nezaselabhoratri ezihlobene neleukemia zingasatholakali.

Izimpawu ze-acute leukemia

Izimpawu ze-acute myeloid noma i-lymphoid leukemia zihlobene nezinguquko kumaseli egazi nokukhubazeka komnkantsha, okuyizona eziyinhloko:

• Ubuthakathaka, ukukhathala kanye nokugula;
• Ukopha kusuka emakhaleni kanye / noma amabala ansomi esikhunjeni;
• Ukwanda kokugeleza kokuya esikhathini nokuthambekela kokuphuma kwegazi ekhaleni;
• Imfiva, ukujuluka ebusuku nokuncipha ngaphandle kwesizathu;
• Ubuhlungu bamathambo, ukukhwehlela nekhanda.

Cishe uhhafu weziguli unalezi zimpawu kuze kufike ezinyangeni ezintathu kuze kube yilapho i-leukemia itholakala ngokuhlolwa okufana nalokhu:

• Qedela ukubalwa kwegazi, ekhombisa i-leukocytosis, i-thrombocytopenia kanye nokuba khona kwamangqamuzana amancane amancane (ukuqhuma), noma ngabe kuvela kozalo lwe-myeloid noma lwe-lymphoid;
• Ukuhlolwa kwamakhemikhali, njengomthamo we-uric acid ne-LDH, okuvame ukwandiswa ngenxa yokwanda kokuqhuma egazini;
• I-Coagulogram, lapho kukhiqizwa khona i-fibrinogen, D-dimer nesikhathi se-prothrombin;
• I-Myelogram, lapho kuhlolisiswa khona izici zomnkantsha wamathambo.

Ngaphezu kwalokhu kuhlolwa, udokotela wezifo zegazi angacela ukuguqulwa ngezindlela ngamasu wamangqamuzana, njenge-NPM1, i-CEBPA noma i-FLT3-ITD, ukuze akhombise indlela engcono kakhulu yokwelashwa.

I-leukemia ebuntwaneni

I-leukemia ebuntwaneni ejwayelekile inesibikezelo esingcono kunesabantu abadala, kepha ukwelashwa kwalesi sifo kufanele kwenziwe endaweni yesibhedlela ngokusebenzisa i-chemotherapy, enemiphumela emibi efana nesicanucanu, ukuhlanza nokulahleka kwezinwele, ngakho-ke lesi sikhathi singaba kuyakhathala enganeni nasemndenini. Ngaphandle kwalokhu, kunethuba elikhulu lokwelapha lesi sifo ezinganeni kunabantu abadala. Bona ukuthi yini imiphumela yokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali nokuthi kwenziwa kanjani.

Ukwelashwa kwe-acute leukemia

Ukwelashwa kwe-acute leukemia kuchazwa yi-hematologist ngokusho kwezimpawu, imiphumela yokuhlolwa, ubudala bomuntu, ukuba khona kwezifo, ubungozi be-metastasis nokuphindeka. Isikhathi sokwelashwa singahluka, nezimpawu ziqala ukwehla ezinyangeni ezi-1 kuya kwezi-2 ngemuva kokuqala kwepolychemotherapy, ngokwesibonelo, kanti ukwelashwa kungahlala cishe iminyaka emithathu.

Ukwelashwa kwe-acute myeloid leukemia kungenziwa ngokusebenzisa i-chemotherapy, eyinhlanganisela yezidakamizwa, ukumpontshelwa kweplatelet nokusetshenziswa kwama-antibiotic ukunciphisa ubungozi bokutheleleka, ngoba amasosha omzimba ayekethisa. Funda kabanzi mayelana nokwelashwa kwe-acute myeloid leukemia.

Ngokuphathelene nokwelashwa kwe-acute lymphoid leukemia, kungenziwa ngokwelashwa kwemithi eminingi, okwenziwa ngemithamo ephezulu yemithi yokuqeda ubungozi obungahle bube khona besifo esifinyelela ohlelweni lwemizwa oluphakathi. Funda ukuthi welapha kanjani i-lymphoid leukemia.

Uma lesi sifo siphindelela, ukufakelwa umnkantsha wethambo kungakhethwa ngoba, kulokhu, akubona bonke abazuza ekhemotherapy.

Ingabe i-leukemia enamandla ingalapheka?

Ukwelashwa kwe-leukemia kusho ukungabikho kwezimpawu nezimpawu ze-leukemia esikhathini esiyiminyaka eyi-10 ngemuva kokuphela kokwelashwa, ngaphandle kokuphindelela.

Ngokuphathelene ne-acute myeloid leukemia, ukwelashwa kungenzeka, ngenxa yezinketho zokwelashwa eziningana, kepha njengoba ukukhula kweminyaka, ukwelashwa noma ukulawulwa kwalesi sifo kungaba nzima kakhulu; uma umuntu esemncane, maningi amathuba okuba elashwe.

Endabeni ye-acute lymphoid leukemia, kungenzeka ukwelashwa kukhulu ezinganeni, cishe ngama-90%, nangama-50% okwelashwa kubantu abadala abaneminyaka engama-60 ubudala, kepha, ukwandisa amathuba okwelashwa nokuvimbela ukuphindeka kwalesi sifo, kubalulekile ukuthi itholakale ngokushesha okukhulu futhi ukwelashwa kuqale ngokushesha ngemuva kwalokho.

Ngisho nangemva kokuqala ukwelashwa, umuntu kufanele enze izivivinyo ngezikhathi ezithile ukuze abheke ukuthi kukhona yini ukuphindaphinda noma cha, uma kukhona, aqhubeke nokwelashwa ngokushesha ukuze amathuba okuxolelwa okuphelele kwalesi sifo abe makhulu.