Ukulindela Ukuphila Kwe-COPD ne-Outlook

-Delile

• GOLD uhlelo
• Inkomba ye-BODE
• Isisindo somzimba
• Ukuvinjelwa komoya
• I-Dyspnea
• Ukuzivocavoca amandla
• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi njalo
• Izinga lokufa
• Isiphetho

Ukubuka konke

Izigidi zabantu abadala e-United States zinesifo esingapheliyo se-pulmonary disease (COPD), futhi abaningi bayasithuthukisa. Kepha abaningi babo abazi, ngokusho kwe.

Umbuzo owodwa abantu abaningi abane-COPD abanayo uthi, "Ngingahlala isikhathi esingakanani neCOPD?" Ayikho indlela yokubikezela isikhathi esiqondile sokuphila, kodwa ukuba nalesi sifo samaphaphu esiqhubekayo kunganciphisa isikhathi sokuphila.

Kuxhomeke kakhulu empilweni yakho isiyonke nokuthi unazo yini ezinye izifo ezifana nesifo senhliziyo noma isifo sikashukela.

GOLD uhlelo

Abaphenyi eminyakeni edlule beze nendlela yokuhlola impilo yomuntu one-COPD. Enye yezindlela zamanje kakhulu ihlanganisa imiphumela yokuhlolwa komsebenzi we-spirometry neempawu zomuntu. Lokhu kubangela amalebula angasiza ukubikezela isikhathi sokuphila futhi aqondise ukukhetha kwezokwelapha kulabo abane-COPD.

IGlobal Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) ingenye yezinhlelo ezisetshenziswa kakhulu zokuhlukanisa i-COPD. I-GOLD iyiqembu lomhlaba wonke lochwepheshe bezempilo yamaphaphu abakhiqiza ngezikhathi ezithile futhi bavuselele imihlahlandlela yodokotela abazoyisebenzisa ekunakekeleni abantu abane-COPD.

Odokotela basebenzisa uhlelo lwe-GOLD ukuhlola abantu abane-COPD “emabangeni” alesi sifo. Ukulinganisa kuyindlela yokukala ubunzima besimo. Isebenzisa ivolumu yokuphoqelelwa yokuphefumula (i-FEV1), isivivinyo esinquma inani lomoya umuntu angakhipha ngamandla emaphashini akhe ngomzuzwana owodwa, ukuze ahlukanise ubukhulu be-COPD.

Imihlahlandlela yakamuva yenza i-FEV1 ingxenye yokuhlola. Ngokuya ngesikolo sakho se-FEV1, uthola ibanga le-GOLD noma isigaba ngokulandelayo:

• IGOLIDE 1: I-FEV1 yamaphesenti angama-80 ibikezelwe noma ngaphezulu
• I-GOLD 2: I-FEV1 yama-50 kuya kuma-79 amaphesenti abikezelwe
• I-GOLD 3: I-FEV1 yama-30 kuye kuma-49 amaphesenti abikezelwe
• I-GOLD 4: I-FEV1 engaphansi kwamaphesenti angama-30 ibikezelwe

Ingxenye yesibili yokuhlola incike kwizimpawu ezifana ne-dyspnea, noma ukuphefumula kanzima, nezinga kanye nenani lokuqina okukhulu, okungama-flare-ups angadinga ukulaliswa esibhedlela.

Ngokuya ngalezi zindlela, abantu abane-COPD bazoba seqenjini elilodwa lamaqembu amane: A, B, C, noma D.

Umuntu ongenakho ukucasuka noma okungadingi ukwamukelwa esibhedlela ngonyaka odlule uzoba seqenjini A noma B. Lokhu kuzoncika futhi ekuhlolweni kwezimpawu zokuphefumula. Labo abanezimpawu eziningi bazoba seqenjini B, kanti labo abanezimpawu ezincane bazoba seqenjini A.

Abantu abanokukhula okungenani okukodwa okudinga ukulaliswa esibhedlela, noma okungenani ukukhushulwa okubili okwenze noma okungadingi ukwamukelwa esibhedlela ngonyaka odlule, bazoba seQenjini C noma ku-D. Bese, labo abanezimpawu zokuphefumula ezengeziwe bazoba seqenjini D, kanti labo abanezimpawu ezincane bazoba seqenjini C.

Ngaphansi kwemihlahlandlela emisha, othile obhalwe ukuthi GOLD Grade 4, Group D, uzoba nesigaba esibi kakhulu seCOPD. Futhi ngokwezobuchwepheshe bazoba nesikhathi esifushane sokuphila kunomuntu onelebula le-GOLD Grade 1, Group A.

Inkomba ye-BODE

Esinye isilinganiso esisebenzisa okungaphezu nje kwe-FEV1 ukukala isimo se-COPD yomuntu nokubukeka kwakhe yinkomba ye-BODE. IBODE imele:

• isisindo somzimba
• ukuvinjelwa komoya
• I-dyspnea
• umthamo wokuzivocavoca

I-BODE ithatha isithombe esiphelele sokuthi iCOPD iyithinta kanjani impilo yakho. Yize inkomba ye-BODE isetshenziswa abanye odokotela, inani layo lingancipha njengoba abacwaningi befunda kabanzi ngalesi sifo.

Isisindo somzimba

Inkomba yomzimba (BMI), ebheka ubukhulu bomzimba ngokuya ngamapharamitha wokuphakama nesisindo, inganquma ukuthi ngabe umuntu ukhuluphele ngokweqile noma ukhuluphele. I-BMI nayo inganquma ukuthi ngabe umuntu uzace kakhulu yini. Abantu abane-COPD futhi abancane kakhulu bangaba nombono omubi.

Ukuvinjelwa komoya

Lokhu kubhekisa ku-FEV1, njengakuhlelo lwe-GOLD.

I-Dyspnea

Ezinye izifundo zangaphambilini ziphakamisa ukuthi ukuphefumula okunenkinga kungathinta umbono we-COPD.

Ukuzivocavoca amandla

Lokhu kusho ukuthi ukwazi kanjani ukubekezelela ukuzivocavoca umzimba. Kuvame ukukalwa ngesivivinyo esibizwa nge- "test-minute test test".

Ukuhlolwa kwegazi njalo

Enye yezinto ezibalulekile ze-COPD ukuvuvukala okuhlelekile. Ukuhlolwa kwegazi okuhlola izimpawu ezithile zokuvuvukala kungasiza.

Ucwaningo olushicilelwe kwi-International Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease lukhombisa ukuthi isilinganiso se-neutrophil-to-lymphocyte (NLR) nesilinganiso se-eosinophil-to-basophil sihambelana kakhulu nobukhulu be-COPD.

I-athikili engenhla iphakamisa ukuthi ukuhlolwa kwegazi okujwayelekile kungalinganisa lezi zimaki kulabo abane-COPD. Iphinde yaphawula ukuthi i-NLR ingasiza kakhulu njengesibikezelo sesikhathi sokuphila.

Izinga lokufa

Njenganoma yisiphi isifo esibi, njenge-COPD noma umdlavuza, isikhathi sokuphila okungenzeka sisekelwe ikakhulu ebucayi noma esigabeni sesifo.

Isibonelo, ocwaningweni lwango-2009 olushicilelwe ku-International Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, indoda eneminyaka engu-65 ubudala ene-COPD okwamanje ebhema ugwayi inezinciphiso ezilandelayo esikhathini sokuphila, kuya ngesigaba se-COPD:

• isigaba 1: iminyaka engu-0.3
• isigaba 2: iminyaka engu-2.2
• isigaba 3 noma 4: 5.8 iminyaka

Lo mbhalo uphinde waphawula ukuthi kuleli qembu, iminyaka eyengeziwe engu-3.5 nayo ilahlekile ekubhemeni uma iqhathaniswa nalabo abangakaze babheme futhi abangenaso isifo samaphaphu.

Kulabo ababebhema, ukunciphisa isikhathi sokuphila kusuka ku-COPD yilokhu:

• isigaba 2: iminyaka engu-1.4
• isigaba 3 noma 4: 5.6 iminyaka

Lo mbhalo uphinde waphawula ukuthi kuleli qembu, iminyaka eyengeziwe engu-0.5 nayo ilahlekile ekubhemeni uma iqhathaniswa nalabo abangakaze babheme futhi abangenaso isifo samaphaphu.

Kulabo abangakaze babheme, ukwehliswa kwesikhathi sokuphila ngu:

• isigaba 2: iminyaka engu-0.7
• isigaba 3 noma 4: iminyaka eyi-1.3

Kulabo ababekade bebhema nalabo abangakaze babheme, umehluko esikhathini sokuphila kwabantu abasesiteji 0 nabantu abasesigabeni 1 wawungabalulekanga kangako, uma kuqhathaniswa nalabo ababebhema njengamanje.

Isiphetho

Yini isizinda salezi zindlela zokubikezela isikhathi sokuphila? Okungaphezulu ongakwenza ukuze uqhubeke kusuka ekuqhubekeleni esigabeni esiphakeme se-COPD kungcono.

Indlela engcono yokunciphisa ukubhebhetheka kwalesi sifo ukuyeka ukubhema uma ubhema. Futhi, gwema intuthu kagwayi noma ezinye izinto ezicasulayo njengokungcola komoya, uthuli noma amakhemikhali.

Uma ukhuluphele, kuyasiza ukugcina isisindo esinempilo ngokudla okunomsoco namasu okwandisa ukudla, njengokudla okuncane, ukudla okuvamile. Ukufunda ukuthi ungakuthuthukisa kanjani ukuphefumula ngokuzivocavoca njengokuphefumula ngezindebe nakho kuzosiza.

Ungase futhi ufune ukubamba iqhaza ohlelweni lokuvuselelwa kwamaphaphu. Uzofunda ngokuzivocavoca umzimba, izindlela zokuphefumula, namanye amasu okukhulisa impilo yakho.

Futhi ngenkathi ukuzivocavoca kanye nokuzivocavoca umzimba kungaba yinselelo ngesifo sokuphefumula, kungenye yezinto ezinhle kakhulu ongayenzela impilo yamaphaphu akho nawo wonke umzimba wakho.

Khuluma nodokotela wakho ngendlela ephephile yokuqala ukuzivocavoca umzimba. Funda izimpawu zokuxwayisa zezinkinga zokuphefumula nokuthi yini okufanele uyenze uma ubona ukuqhuma okuncane. Uzofuna ukulandela noma iyiphi indlela yokwelashwa ye-COPD oyinikezwe udokotela wakho.

Lapho ungenza okuningi ukwenza ngcono impilo yakho iyonke, impilo yakho ingaba yinde futhi igcwale.

I-COPD iyimbangela yesithathu yokufa kwabantu e-United States, ngokusho kwe-American Lung Association.