Yini i-lymphoma kaBurkitt, izimpawu nokuthi ilashwa kanjani

-Delile

• Izimpawu eziyinhloko
• Ziyini izimbangela
• Ungakuqinisekisa kanjani ukuxilongwa
• Izinhlobo eziyinhloko
• Yelashwa kanjani
• Ingabe i-lymphoma kaBurkitt iyelapheka?

IBurkitt's lymphoma wuhlobo lomdlavuza wohlelo lwe-lymphatic, oluthinta ikakhulukazi ama-lymphocyte, angamaseli omzimba wokuzivikela. Lo mdlavuza ungahlotshaniswa nokutheleleka ngegciwane i-Epstein Barr (EBV), igciwane lengculazi lomzimba (i-HIV), kodwa futhi lingavela nakwezinye izinguquko zofuzo.

Ngokuvamile, lolu hlobo lwe-lymphoma lukhula kakhulu ezinganeni zesilisa kunabantu abadala futhi luvame ukuthinta izitho esiswini. Kodwa-ke, ngoba ngumdlavuza onolaka, lapho amangqamuzana omdlavuza akhula ngokushesha, angafinyelela kwezinye izitho, njengesibindi, ubende, umnkantsha ngisho namathambo obuso.

Isibonakaliso sokuqala seBurkitt's lymphoma ukubonakala kokuvuvukala entanyeni, emakhwapheni, emgodini noma ekuvuvukeni esiswini noma ebusweni, kuya ngendawo ethintwe yi-lymphoma. Ngemuva kokuhlola izimpawu, i-hematologist izoqinisekisa ukuxilongwa ngokuhlolwa kwe-biopsy kanye ne-imaging. Ngakho-ke, ukuthola isiqinisekiso seBurkitt's lymphoma, kukhonjiswa ukwelashwa okufanele kakhulu, okuvame ukuba yi-chemotherapy. Bona okuningi ukuthi kwenziwa kanjani i-chemotherapy.

Izimpawu eziyinhloko

Izimpawu zeBurkitt's lymphoma zingahluka ngokuya ngohlobo nendawo yesimila, kepha izimpawu ezivame kakhulu zalolu hlobo lomdlavuza yilezi:

• Ulimi entanyeni, emakhwapheni kanye / noma ekubunjweni;
• Umjuluko omningi ebusuku;
• Imfiva;
• Ukuncipha ngaphandle kwesizathu esisobala;
• Ukukhathala.

Kujwayelekile ukuthi iBurkitt's lymphoma ithinte isifunda somhlathi namanye amathambo obuso, ngakho-ke kungadala ukuvuvukala kolunye uhlangothi lobuso. Kodwa-ke, isimila singakhula nasesiswini, sidale ukuqunjelwa nobuhlungu besisu, ukopha nokuvaleka kwamathumbu. Lapho i-lymphoma isakazeka ebuchosheni, ingadala ubuthakathaka emzimbeni nobunzima bokuhamba.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuvuvukala okubangelwa yi-Burkitt's lymphoma akubangeli ubuhlungu njalo futhi kuvame ukuqala noma kubhebhethekise ezinsukwini ezimbalwa nje.

Ziyini izimbangela

Yize izimbangela zeBurkitt's lymphoma zingaziwa kahle, kwezinye izimo lo mdlavuza uhlotshaniswa nokutheleleka ngegciwane le-EBV ne-HIV. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuba nesifo sokuzalwa, okungukuthi, ukuzalwa unenkinga yezakhi zofuzo okhubaza ukuzivikela komzimba, kungaxhunyaniswa nokwakhiwa kwalolu hlobo lwe-lymphoma.

IBurkitt's lymphoma wuhlobo lomdlavuza wezingane oluvame kakhulu ezifundeni lapho kunezigameko zikamalaleveva, njenge-Afrika, futhi kuvamile nakwezinye izingxenye zomhlaba lapho kunezingane eziningi ezitheleleke ngegciwane le-HIV.

Ungakuqinisekisa kanjani ukuxilongwa

Njengoba iBurkitt's lymphoma isakazeka ngokushesha okukhulu, kubalulekile ukuthi ukuxilongwa kwenziwe ngokushesha okukhulu. Udokotela ojwayelekile noma udokotela wezingane angawusola umdlavuza futhi awudlulisele kudokotela we-oncologist noma we-hematologist, futhi ngemuva kokwazi ukuthi izimpawu zavela kudala kangakanani, kuzokhombisa ukusebenza kwe-biopsy endaweni yesimila. Thola ukuthi kwenziwa kanjani i-biopsy.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwenziwa ezinye izivivinyo ukuxilonga i-lymphoma kaBurkitt, njenge-computed tomography, imaging resonance imaging, pet-scan, i-bone marrow collection kanye ne-CSF. Lezi zivivinyo ezenzelwa udokotela ukukhomba ubungako besifo kanye nobukhulu baso bese echaza uhlobo lokwelashwa.

Izinhlobo eziyinhloko

I-World Health Organisation ihlukanisa iBurkitt's lymphoma ibe yizinhlobo ezintathu ezihlukene, yilezi:

• Indawo yokuhlala noma i-Afrika: kuthinta kakhulu izingane ezineminyaka engama-4 kuya kwengu-7 futhi iphindwe kabili kunabafana;
• Okungajwayelekile noma okungewona owase-Afrika: uhlobo oluvame kakhulu futhi lungenzeka ezinganeni nakubantu abadala emhlabeni wonke, kubalwa cishe isigamu samacala ama-lymphomas ezinganeni;
• Okuhambisana nokukhubazeka komzimba: kwenzeka kubantu abanegciwane le-HIV futhi abane-AIDS.

IBurkitt's lymphoma nayo ingavela kubantu abazalwa benesifo sofuzo esidala izinkinga zokuzivikela ezifweni eziphansi futhi kwesinye isikhathi zingathinta abantu abafakelwe okuthile futhi abasebenzisa imishanguzo yokuvikela ukuzivikela.

Yelashwa kanjani

Ukwelashwa kwe-lymphoma kaBurkitt kufanele kuqalwe ngokushesha nje lapho ukuxilongwa kuqinisekiswa, njengoba kunguhlobo lwesimila olukhula ngokushesha okukhulu. I-hematologist incoma ukwelashwa ngokuya ngendawo yesimila kanye nesigaba sesifo, kepha ezimweni eziningi, ukwelashwa kwalolu hlobo lwe-lymphoma kusekelwe ekhemotherapy.

Izidakamizwa ezingasetshenziswa ndawonye ekhemotherapy yi-cyclophosphamide, vincristine, doxorubicin, dexamethasone, methotrexate ne-cytarabine. I-Immunotherapy nayo iyasetshenziswa, umuthi osetshenziswa kakhulu yi-rituximab, obopha amaprotheni kumaseli womdlavuza asiza ukuqeda umdlavuza.

I-Intrathecal chemotherapy, okuwumuthi ofakwa emgogodleni, ikhonjisiwe ekwelapheni i-Burkitt's lymphoma ebuchosheni futhi isetshenziselwa ukuyivimba ukuthi ingasabalali iye kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba.

Kodwa-ke, ezinye izinhlobo zokwelashwa zingakhonjiswa ngudokotela, njenge-radiotherapy, ukuhlinzwa kanye nokufakelwa kabusha komnkantsha we-bone noma i-autotransplantation.

Ingabe i-lymphoma kaBurkitt iyelapheka?

Yize luhlobo lomdlavuza olunolaka, iBurkitt's lymphoma cishe iyelapheka njalo, kepha lokhu kuzoya ngokuthi isifo sitholakale nini, indawo ethintekile nokuthi ukwelashwa kwaqalwa ngokushesha yini. Lapho lesi sifo sitholakala sisencane futhi lapho kuqala ukwelashwa ngemuva kwalokho, kunamathuba amaningi okwelashwa.

Ama-lymphomas's Burmitt esigabeni I no-II anokwelashwa okungaphezu kwama-90%, kanti ama-lymphomas anesigaba III no-IV anesilinganiso samathuba angama-80% okwelashwa.

Ekupheleni kokwelashwa, kuzodingeka ukulandelela nge-hematologist iminyaka engaba ngu-2 futhi wenze izivivinyo njalo ezinyangeni ezintathu.

Bheka ividiyo enezeluleko ezithile zokubhekana nezimpawu zokwelashwa komdlavuza: