Ngabe iMacdonald Triad ingabikezela ababulali ababulalayo?

-Delile

• Izimpawu ezi-3
• Isihluku sezilwane
• Ukubeka umlilo
• Ukukhipha umbhede (enuresis)
• Ingabe kunembile?
• Ukuhlola okutholakele
• Umbono wokufunda komphakathi
• Umbono wobudlova obuphindiwe
• Indlela yesimanje
• Umlando wale mbono
• Izibikezelo ezingcono zodlame
• Okubalulekile

IMacdonald triad ibhekisa embonweni wokuthi kunezimpawu ezintathu ezingakhombisa ukuthi ngabe othile uzokhula abe ngumbulali obulalayo noma olunye uhlobo lwesigebengu esinodlame:

• ukuba nesihluku noma ukuhlukumeza izilwane, ikakhulukazi izilwane ezifuywayo
• ukushisa izinto noma ukwenza ezinye izinto ezincane zokushisa
• ukumanzisa njalo umbhede

Lo mbono waqala ukuba namandla lapho umcwaningi nodokotela wezifo zengqondo uJ.M. Macdonald eshicilela ukubuyekeza okuyimpikiswano ngo-1963 kwezifundo zangaphambilini ezaphakamisa ukuxhumana phakathi kwalezi zimilo zobuntwana nokuthambekela ebudloveni lapho usumdala.

Kepha ukuqonda kwethu ngokuziphatha komuntu kanye nokuxhumeka kwayo kwengqondo yethu kufike ibanga elide emashumini eminyaka kusukela.

Iningi labantu lingakhombisa lokhu kuziphatha ebuntwaneni futhi lingakhuli libe ngababulali ababulalayo.

Kepha kungani laba abathathu babekwa phambili?

Izimpawu ezi-3

IMacdonald triad ikhetha abathathu ababikezelayo bokuziphatha ngokobudlova. Nakhu okushiwo wucwaningo lukaMacdonald ngesenzo ngasinye nokuxhumeka kwaso ekuziphatheni okunodlame olandelanayo.

UMacdonald uthe iningi lezifundo zakhe ziveze ezinye zalezi zimilo ebuntwaneni ezingaba nokuxhumana okuthile nokuziphatha kwabo njengabantu abadala.

Isihluku sezilwane

UMacdonald ukholelwa ukuthi ukuhlukunyezwa kwezilwane kubangelwa ukuthi izingane zihlazwe abanye isikhathi eside. Lokhu kwakuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi ekuhlukunyezweni ngabantu abadala noma abanegunya izingane ezazingakwazi ukuziphindiselela kubo.

Izingane esikhundleni salokho zikhombisa ukukhathazeka kwazo ezilwaneni ukukhipha ulaka lwazo entweni ebuthakathaka futhi engakwazi ukuzivikela.

Lokhu kungavumela ingane ukuthi izwe umuzwa wokulawula imvelo yayo ngoba ayinamandla anele okuthatha isenzo esinodlame kumuntu omdala okungenzeka ukuthi ubalimaza noma abaphoxe.

Ukubeka umlilo

UMacdonald uphakamise ukuthi ukubasa imililo kungasetshenziswa njengendlela yokuthi izingane ziveze imizwa yobudlova nokungabi namandla okuziswa yihlazo kubantu abadala abanomuzwa wokuthi abanakukulawula.

Ngokuvamile kucatshangwa ukuthi kungenye yezimpawu zokuqala zokuziphatha ngobudlova ebudaleni.

Ukusetha umlilo akubandakanyi ngqo isidalwa esiphilayo, kepha kusenganikeza umphumela obonakalayo owanelisa imizwa engaxazululiwe yolaka.

Ukukhipha umbhede (enuresis)

Ukuqothuka kombhede okuqhubeka ngemuva kweminyaka emihlanu ubudala izinyanga ezimbalwa kwakucatshangwa nguMacdonald ukuthi kuxhumene nemizwa efanayo yokuthotshiswa engaletha ezinye izindlela ezingunxantathu zokuhlukunyezwa kwezilwane nokubeka umlilo.

Ukumanzisa umbhede kuyingxenye yomjikelezo ongakhuphula imizwa yokululazeka lapho ingane izwa ukuthi isenkingeni noma ihlazekile ngokumanzisa umbhede.

Ingane ingazizwa ikhathazeka ngokwengeziwe futhi ingenakusizwa njengoba iqhubeka nokuziphatha. Lokhu kungaba nomthelela ekutheni bamanzise umbhede kaningi. Ukukhipha umbhede kuvame ukuhlanganiswa nokucindezeleka noma ukukhathazeka.

Ingabe kunembile?

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi uMacdonald uqobo wayengakholelwa ukuthi ucwaningo lwakhe lwathola noma yikuphi ukuxhumana okucacile phakathi kwalezi zimilo nodlame lwabantu abadala.

Kodwa lokho akuvimbanga abacwaningi ekufuneni ukuqinisekisa ukuxhumana phakathi kobuMacdonald triad nokuziphatha okunodlame.

Ucwaningo olunzulu lwenziwe ukuhlola nokuqinisekisa ukuthi izimangalo zikaMacdonald zokuthi lezi zindlela zokuziphatha zingabikezela ukuziphatha okunodlame ebudaleni zinanoma yini inzuzo.

Ukuhlola okutholakele

Ababili abacwaninga ngezifo zengqondo uDaniel Hellman noNathan Blackman bashicilele ucwaningo olubhekisisa izimangalo zikaMacdonald.

Lolu cwaningo lwango-1966 luhlolisise abantu abangu-88 abalahlwe ngamacala enodlame noma okubulala kwathiwa bathole imiphumela efanayo. Lokhu kubonakale kufakazela okutholakele kukaMacdonald.

Kepha uHellman noBlackman bathola kuphela i-triad ephelele kuma-31 wabo. Abanye abangu-57 bagcwalise kuphela umthathwemunye ngokwengxenye.

Ababhali baphakamise ukuthi ukuhlukunyezwa, ukwenqatshwa, noma ukunganakwa ngabazali kungenzeka ukuthi nabo babambe iqhaza, kodwa ababukanga ngokujule kakhulu kulesi sici.

Umbono wokufunda komphakathi

Ucwaningo lwango-2003 lwabhekisisa amaphethini wokuziphatha ngesihluku kwezilwane ebuntwaneni babantu abahlanu kamuva abalahlwa yicala lokubulala umuntu emdala esemdala.

Abaphenyi basebenzise inqubo yocwaningo lwengqondo eyaziwa njengethiyori yokufunda komphakathi. Lo ngumbono wokuthi isimilo singafundwa ngokulingisa noma ukumodela kokunye ukuziphatha.

Lolu cwaningo luphakamise ukuthi ukuhlukunyezwa kwezilwane ebuntwaneni kungabeka isisekelo sengane yokuthweswa iziqu zokuba nonya noma udlame kwabanye abantu lapho isikhulile. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi yi-hypothesis yokuthweswa iziqu.

Lo mphumela wokutadisha onethonya usekelwe kudatha elinganiselwe kakhulu yezifundo ezinhlanu kuphela. Kuwukuhlakanipha ukuthatha okutholakele ngohlamvu lukasawoti. Kepha kukhona ezinye izifundo ezibonakala ngathi zikufakazile lokho okutholakele.

Umbono wobudlova obuphindiwe

Ucwaningo lwango-2004 lwathola isibikezelo esinamandla nakakhulu sokuziphatha okunodlame okuhlobene nesihluku sezilwane. Uma isihloko sinomlando wokuziphatha okunodlame okuphindaphindiwe ezilwaneni, kungenzeka ukuthi benze udlame kubantu.

Ucwaningo luphakamise nokuthi ukuba nezingane zakini kungandisa amathuba okuthi isihluku sezilwane eziphindaphindwayo singakhuphula udlame olubhekiswe kwabanye abantu.

Indlela yesimanje

Ukubuyekezwa kuka-2018 kwamashumi eminyaka ezincwadi ku-Macdonald triad kwaguqula lo mbono ekhanda lawo.

Abaphenyi bathole ukuthi bambalwa abalahlwe ngamacala odlame ababenenhlanganisela eyodwa noma enye yokuhlanganiswa kukathathu emunye. Abaphenyi baphakamise ukuthi lo triad ubethembekile ngokwengeziwe njengethuluzi lokukhombisa ukuthi ingane inendawo engasebenzi kahle ekhaya.

Umlando wale mbono

Yize imfundiso kaMacdonald ingakubambeli impela ukuvala ukucwaningwa kocwaningo, imibono yakhe ishiwo ngokwanele ezincwadini nakwabezindaba ukuthi bathathe impilo yabo.

Incwadi eyathengiswa kakhulu ngo-1988 ngabasebenzeli be-FBI yaletha ubuthathu emehlweni omphakathi ngokuxhumanisa ezinye zalezi ziphatho nodlame nokubulala.

Futhi muva nje, uchungechunge lweNetflix "iMindhunter," olususelwa emsebenzini we-ejenti ye-FBI kanye nomqali wezingqondo ophayona uJohn Douglas, lubuyise ukunaka okukhulu komphakathi emuva emcabangweni wokuthi ezinye izindlela zokuziphatha ezinobudlova zingaholela ekubulaweni uqobo.

Izibikezelo ezingcono zodlame

Cishe akunakwenzeka ukubanga ukuthi izindlela ezithile zokuziphatha noma izici zemvelo zingaxhunyaniswa ngqo nokuziphatha okunodlame noma okubulalayo.

Kepha ngemuva kwamashumi eminyaka ocwaningo, abanye ababikezeli bodlame baphakanyisiwe njengezindlela ezijwayelekile kulabo abenza ubudlova noma ukubulala sebebadala.

Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi uma kukhulunywa ngabantu ababonisa izici zokungahambisani nobuntu, okwaziwa kakhulu njenge-sociopathy.

Abantu ababhekwa njenge- "sociopaths" ababangeli ukulimala noma benze udlame kwabanye. Kepha eziningi zezimpawu zokuhlalisana kwabantu, ikakhulukazi lapho zivela ebuntwaneni njengokuphazamiseka kokuziphatha, zingabikezela ukuziphatha okunodlame lapho usumdala.

Nazi ezinye zalezo zimpawu:

• engakhombisi mingcele noma enaka amalungelo abanye
• ukungabi namandla okuhlukanisa phakathi kokulungile nokungalungile
• azikho izimpawu zokuzisola noma zokuzwela lapho benze okuthile okungalungile
• ukuqamba amanga okuphindaphindiwe noma okuphazamisayo
• ukuphatha noma ukulimaza abanye, ikakhulukazi ukuzizuzisa
• ukwephula umthetho kaninginingi engazisoli
• akunandaba nemithetho ephathelene nokuphepha noma ukuzibophezela komuntu siqu
• ukuzithanda okuqinile, noma i-narcissism
• ukushesha ukuthukuthela noma ukuzwela ngokweqile lapho ugxekwa
• ukubonisa intelezi ekha phezulu evele isuke ngokushesha lapho izinto zingahambi ngendlela yazo

Okubalulekile

Umqondo we-Macdonald triad ungaphezu kwamandla amancane.

Kukhona ucwaningo oluthile oluphakamisa ukuthi ingaqukatha ezinye iziqeshana zeqiniso. Kepha kukude nendlela ethembekile yokutshela ukuthi ngabe ezinye izindlela zokuziphatha zizoholela odlameni olucindezelayo noma ekubulaleni njengoba ingane ikhula.

Ukuziphatha okuningi okuchazwe yi-Macdonald triad kanye nemibono efanayo yokuziphatha kungumphumela wokuhlukunyezwa noma ukunganakwa ukuthi izingane zizizwe zingenamandla okulwisana nazo.

Ingane ingakhula ibe nodlame noma ihlukumeze uma lokhu kuziphatha kunganakwa noma kungalungiswa.

Kepha ezinye izinto eziningi emvelweni yazo nazo zinganikela, futhi izingane ezikhulela endaweni efanayo noma ezinezimo ezifanayo zokuhlukunyezwa noma udlame zingakhula ngaphandle kwalezi zitho.

Futhi kungenzeka nje ukuthi kungenzeki ukuthi i-triad iholele ekuziphatheni kobudlova esikhathini esizayo. Azikho kulezi zindlela zokuziphatha ezingaxhunyaniswa ngqo nodlame oluzayo noma ukubulala.