Ngabe iMedulla Oblongata Yenzani futhi Itholakala kuphi?

-Delile

• Itholakala kuphi i-medulla oblongata?
• Yini i-medulla oblongata?
• Kwenzekani uma i-medulla oblongata yonakele?
• Ngabe zikhona izifo ezithile ezithinta i-medulla oblongata?
• Isifo sikaParkinson
• Isifo seWallenberg
• I-Dejerine Syndrome
• Isifo se-medial medullary syndrome
• I-Reinhold syndrome
• Ukuthatha ukhiye

Ingqondo yakho yakhela kuphela isisindo somzimba wakho, kepha isebenzisa ngaphezu kuka-20% wamandla omzimba wakho aphelele.

Kanye nokuba yisiza somqondo ocabangayo, ubuchopho bakho bulawula nezenzo eziningi zomzimba wakho ezingazibandakanyi. Itshela izindlala zakho ukuthi uzokhipha nini ama-hormone, ilawula ukuphefumula kwakho, futhi itshela inhliziyo yakho ukuthi ishaya ngokushesha kangakanani.

I-medulla oblongata yakho yakha nje u-0.5% wesisindo esiphelele sobuchopho bakho, kepha idlala indima ebalulekile ekulawuleni lezo zinqubo zokuzibandakanya. Ngaphandle kwalesi sigaba esibalulekile sobuchopho bakho, umzimba wakho nobuchopho bebungeke bakwazi ukuxhumana nabanye.

Kule ndatshana, sizohlola ukuthi i-medulla oblongata yakho ikuphi futhi siphule imisebenzi yayo eminingi.

Itholakala kuphi i-medulla oblongata?

I-medulla oblongata yakho ibukeka njenge-bulge eyindilinga ekugcineni kwesiqu sakho sobuchopho, noma ingxenye yobuchopho bakho exhuma nentambo yakho yomgogodla. Iphinde ilele phambi kwengxenye yobuchopho bakho ebizwa nge-cerebellum.

I-cerebellum yakho ibukeka njengobuchopho obuncane obuhlanganiswe ngemuva kobuchopho bakho. Eqinisweni, igama lalo lihunyushwa ngokwezwi nezwi ukuthi "ubuchopho obuncane" kusuka esiLatin.

Imbobo yogebhezi lwakho evumela ukuthi umgogodla wakho udlule lapho ibizwa ngokuthi i-foramen magnum yakho. I-medulla oblongata yakho itholakala cishe ezingeni elifanayo noma ngenhla kancane kwalo mgodi.

Ingaphezulu le-medulla yakho lidala phansi kwe-ventricle yesine yobuchopho bakho. Ama-ventricles yimigodi egcwele umswakama womgogodla osiza ukunikeza ubuchopho bakho izakhamzimba.

Yini i-medulla oblongata?

Ngaphandle kobukhulu bayo obuncane, i-medulla oblongata yakho inezindima eziningi ezibalulekile. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthumela imininingwane phakathi komgogodla wakho nobuchopho bakho. Iphinde ilawule izinhlelo zakho zenhliziyo nemithambo yokuphefumula. Ezine kwezingu-12 zakho zivela kulesi sifunda.

Ubuchopho bakho nomgogodla wakho buxhumana ngamakholomu wezintambo zemizwa ezihamba nge-medulla yakho ebizwa ngokuthi amapheshana omgogodla. Lawa mapheshana angakhuphuka (thumela imininingwane ebuchosheni bakho) noma ehle (uphathe imininingwane uye emgogodleni wakho).

Ipheshana lakho ngalinye lomgogodla liphethe uhlobo oluthile lolwazi. Isibonelo, ipheshana lakho le-lateral spinothalamic liphethe imininingwane ephathelene nobuhlungu nokushisa.

Uma ingxenye ye-medulla yakho yonakala, kungaholela ekwehlulekeni ukudlulisa uhlobo oluthile lomlayezo phakathi komzimba wakho nobuchopho. Izinhlobo zemininingwane ephethwe yila mapheshana omgogodla zifaka:

• ubuhlungu nokuzwa
• ukuthinta okungcolile
• ukuthinta okuhle
• ukwamukela
• umbono wokudlidliza
• umbono wengcindezi
• ukulawula imisipha
• ibhalansi
• imisipha ithoni
• ukusebenza kwamehlo

Isiphambano sakho sisuka ohlangothini lwesobunxele lobuchopho bakho siye kwesokudla somgogodla wakho ku-medulla yakho. Uma ulimaza uhlangothi lwesobunxele lwe-medulla yakho, kuzoholela ekulahlekelweni kwemoto ohlangothini olungakwesokudla lomzimba wakho. Ngokufanayo, uma uhlangothi lwangakwesokudla lwe-medulla lulimele, luzothinta uhlangothi lwangakwesokunxele lomzimba wakho.

Kwenzekani uma i-medulla oblongata yonakele?

Uma i-medulla yakho yonakele, ubuchopho bakho nentambo yomgogodla ngeke ikwazi ukudlulisa imininingwane ngempumelelo komunye nomunye.

Ukulimala kwe-medulla oblongata yakho kungaholela ku:

• izinkinga zokuphefumula
• ukungasebenzi kolimi
• ukuhlanza
• ukulahlekelwa yi-gag, ukuthimula, noma ukukhwehlela kwe-reflex
• izinkinga zokugwinya
• ukulahleka kokulawulwa kwemisipha
• izinkinga zokulinganisela
• ama-hiccups angalawuleki
• ukulahlekelwa umuzwa emilenzeni, esiqwini, noma ebusweni

Ngabe zikhona izifo ezithile ezithinta i-medulla oblongata?

Izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zezinkinga zingakhula uma i-medulla yakho yonakala ngenxa yokushaywa unhlangothi, ukuwohloka kobuchopho, noma ukulimala okungazelelwe kwekhanda. Izimpawu ezivelayo zincike engxenyeni ethile ye-medulla yakho elimele.

Isifo sikaParkinson

Isifo sikaParkinson yisifo esiqhubekayo esithinta ubuchopho bakho nesistimu yezinzwa. Izimpawu ezinkulu yilezi:

• ukuthuthumela
• ukunyakaza okuhamba kancane
• ukuqina ezithweni nasemgodini
• inkinga yokulinganisa

Imbangela ngqo yeParkinson's ayikaziwa, kepha eziningi zezimpawu zibangelwa ukonakala kwezinzwa ezikhiqiza i-neurotransmitter ebizwa nge-dopamine.

Kucatshangwa ukuthi ukonakala kobuchopho kuqala ekuqaleni ngaphambi kokusakazeka kwezinye izingxenye zobuchopho. Abantu abaneParkinson bavame ukungasebenzi kahle kwenhliziyo njengokulawula ukushaya kwenhliziyo yabo nomfutho wegazi.

Ucwaningo lwango-2017, olwenziwe ezigulini ezingama-52 ezinesifo sikaParkinson, lwasungula ukuxhumana kokuqala phakathi kokungajwayelekile kwemedulla neParkinson. Basebenzise ubuchwepheshe be-MRI ukuthola ukungahleleki okuhlelekile ezingxenyeni ze-medulla ezihlobene nezinkinga zenhliziyo nemithambo abantu abaneParkinson abavame ukuhlangabezana nayo.

Isifo seWallenberg

I-Wallenberg syndrome yaziwa nangokuthi i-lateral medullary syndrome. Kuhlala kubangelwa isifo sohlangothi esiseduze ne-medulla. Izimpawu ezijwayelekile ze-Wallenberg syndrome zifaka:

• ukugwinya ubunzima
• isiyezi
• isicanucanu
• ukuhlanza
• izinkinga zokulinganisela
• ama-hiccups angalawuleki
• ukulahlekelwa ubuhlungu nokuzwela kokushisa engxenyeni eyodwa yobuso
• ukuba ndikindiki kolunye uhlangothi lomzimba

I-Dejerine Syndrome

I-Dejerine syndrome noma i-medial medullary syndrome yisimo esingajwayelekile esithinta abantu abangaphansi kuka-1% abanemivimbo ethinta ingxenye engemuva yobuchopho babo. Izimpawu zifaka:

• ubuthakathaka bengalo nomlenze ngakolunye uhlangothi lokulimala kobuchopho
• ubuthakathaka bolimi ohlangothini olufanayo lokulimala kobuchopho
• ukulahlekelwa umuzwa ohlangothini oluphambene nomonakalo wobuchopho
• ukukhubazeka kwezitho ngakolunye uhlangothi lokulimala kobuchopho

Isifo se-medial medullary syndrome

I-Bilateral medialary medullary syndrome iyinkinga eyivelakancane evela kohlangothi. Ingxenyana yabantu abangu-1% kuphela abanemivimbo engxenyeni engemuva yobuchopho babo eba nalesi simo. Izimpawu zifaka:

• ukwehluleka ukuphefumula
• ukukhubazeka kwazo zonke izitho ezine
• ukungasebenzi kolimi

I-Reinhold syndrome

I-Reinhold syndrome noma i-hemimedullary syndrome ayivamile ngokweqile. Kukhona kuphela emibhalweni yezokwelapha ethuthukise lesi simo. Izimpawu zifaka:

• ukukhubazeka
• ukulahlekelwa kwemizwa ohlangothini olulodwa
• ukulahleka kokulawulwa kwemisipha ngakolunye uhlangothi
• I-Horner's syndrome
• ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa ohlangothini olulodwa lobuso
• isicanucanu
• kunzima ukukhuluma
• ukuhlanza

Ukuthatha ukhiye

I-medulla oblongata yakho itholakala ezansi kobuchopho bakho, lapho isiqu sobuchopho sixhuma khona ubuchopho nentambo yakho yomgogodla. Idlala indima ebalulekile ekudluliseni imiyalezo phakathi komgogodla wakho nobuchopho bakho. Kubalulekile futhi ekulawuleni izinhlelo zakho zenhliziyo nemithambo yokuphefumula.

Uma i-medulla oblongata yakho yonakala, ingaholela ekwehlulekeni kokuphefumula, ukukhubazeka, noma ukulahlekelwa umuzwa.