I-Metastatic Melanoma

-Delile

• Ziyini izimpawu ze-melanoma ye-metastatic?
• Ziyini izimbangela nezici zobungozi be-metastatic melanoma?
• Izici zobungozi
• I-metastatic melanoma itholakala kanjani?
• Ukuhlonza i-melanoma
• Ukuhlonza i-melanoma ye-metastatic
• Uphathwa kanjani i-metastatic melanoma?
• Izinkinga ezibangelwa ukwelashwa
• Uyini umbono we-metastatic melanoma?

Iyini i-metastatic melanoma?

I-Melanoma uhlobo lomdlavuza wesikhumba oluyivelakancane noluyingozi kakhulu. Kuqala kuma-melanocyte, okungamaseli esikhunjeni sakho akhiqiza i-melanin. I-Melanin yi-pigment ebhekele umbala wesikhumba.

I-Melanoma ikhula ibe yiziqu esikhunjeni sakho, esivame ukufana nezimvukuzane. Lokhu kukhula noma izicubu nakho kungavela kuma-moles akhona. Ama-Melanomas angakha esikhunjeni noma yikuphi emzimbeni wakho, kufaka phakathi emlonyeni noma esithweni sangasese.

I-melanoma ye-Metastatic yenzeka lapho umdlavuza usakazeka usuka ku-tumor uye kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba wakho. Lokhu kwaziwa nangokuthi isigaba 4 se-melanoma. I-Melanoma yiyona ndlela enamandla kunazo zonke umdlavuza wesikhumba ukuba ibe yi-metastatic uma ingabanjwa kusenesikhathi.

Izinga le-melanoma belikhuphuka eminyakeni engama-30 edlule. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi bangu-10.130 abantu abazobulawa yi-melanoma ngo-2016.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-melanoma ye-metastatic?

Izinsumpa ezingajwayelekile zingaba ukuphela kwenkomba ye-melanoma engakagcini.

Izimvukuzane ezibangelwa i-melanoma zingaba nezici ezilandelayo:

I-Asymmetry: Zombili izinhlangothi zemvukuzane enempilo zibukeka zifana kakhulu uma udweba umugqa kuyo. Izingxenye ezimbili zemvukuzane noma ukukhula okubangelwa i-melanoma kubukeka kwehluke kakhulu komunye nomunye.

Umngcele: Imvukuzane enempilo ibushelelezi, ngisho nemingcele. Ama-Melanomas anemingcele eminyene noma engalingani.

Umbala: Imvukuzane enomdlavuza izoba nombala ongaphezu kowodwa kufaka phakathi:

• nsundu
• tan
• mnyama
• okubomvu
• okumhlophe
• okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka

Usayizi: Ama-Melanomas kungenzeka abe mkhulu ngobubanzi kunama-moles anobungozi. Imvamisa ikhula ibe nkulu kunokusula kwepensela

Kufanele njalo udokotela ahlole imvukuzane eguquka ngosayizi, ukuma, noma umbala ngoba kungaba uphawu lomdlavuza.

Izimpawu ze-metastatic melanoma zincike lapho umdlavuza usabalale khona. Lezi zimpawu zivame ukuvela uma umdlavuza usuvele uthuthukile.

Uma une-melanoma ye-metastatic, ungathola izimpawu ezifana nalezi:

• izigaxa ezilukhuni ngaphansi kwesikhumba sakho
• ama-lymph node avuvukile noma abuhlungu
• ukuphefumula kanzima noma ukukhwehlela okungapheli, uma umdlavuza usakaze emaphashini akho
• isibindi esikhulisiwe noma ukulahlekelwa ukudla, uma umdlavuza ususakaze esibindi noma esiswini sakho
• ubuhlungu bamathambo noma amathambo aphukile, uma umdlavuza ususabalele ethanjeni
• ukuncipha komzimba
• ukukhathala
• ikhanda
• ukuquleka, uma umdlavuza ususabalele ebuchosheni bakho
• ubuthakathaka noma ukuba ndikindiki ezingalweni noma emilenzeni

Ziyini izimbangela nezici zobungozi be-metastatic melanoma?

I-Melanoma ivela ngenxa yokuguquka kwamangqamuzana esikhumba akhiqiza i-melanin. Odokotela njengamanje bakholelwa ukuthi ukutholakala kakhulu ekukhanyeni kwe-ultraviolet okuvela ekukhanyeni kwelanga noma emibhedeni yokushuka yimbangela ehamba phambili.

I-metastatic melanoma yenzeka lapho i-melanoma ingatholakali futhi yelashwe ngaphambi kwesikhathi.

Izici zobungozi

Izici eziningana zobungozi zinganikela ekwakheni i-melanoma. Labo abanomlando womndeni we-melanoma banengozi enkulu kunaleyo engenayo. Cishe amaphesenti ayi-10 abantu abahlakulela i-melanoma banomlando womndeni wesifo. Ezinye izinto ezinobungozi zifaka:

• isikhumba esilinganayo noma esikhanyayo
• inani elikhulu lama-moles, ikakhulukazi ama-moles angajwayelekile
• ukutholakala kaningi ekukhanyeni kwe-ultraviolet

Labo asebekhulile banamathuba amaningi okuthuthukisa i-melanoma kunabantu abasebasha. Naphezu kwalokhu, i-melanoma ingenye yomdlavuza ovame kakhulu kubantu abangaphansi kweminyaka engama-30, ikakhulukazi kwabesifazane abasebasha. Ngemuva kweminyaka yobudala engama-50, amadoda asengozini enkulu yokuthola i-melanoma.

Ingozi yama-melanomas eba yi-metastatic iphakeme kulabo abane:

• ama-melanomas ayinhloko, okuyizikhumba ezibonakalayo zesikhumba
• ama-melanomas angasuswanga
• amasosha omzimba acindezelwe

I-metastatic melanoma itholakala kanjani?

Uma ubona imvukuzane engavamile noma ukukhula, yenza i-aphoyintimenti ukuze uyihlole ngudokotela wesikhumba. Udokotela wesikhumba ungudokotela ogxile ezimeni zesikhumba.

Ukuhlonza i-melanoma

Uma imvukuzane yakho ibukeka isolisa, udokotela wesikhumba sakho uzosusa isampula elincane ukuhlola umdlavuza wesikhumba. Uma ibuya ihle, kungenzeka basuse imvukuzane ngokuphelele. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi yi-excisional biopsy.

Bazobuye bahlole isimila ngokuya ngobukhulu baso. Ngokuvamile, lapho isimila siba sikhulu ngokwengeziwe, i-melanoma iba yimbi ngokwengeziwe. Lokhu kuzothinta uhlelo lwabo lokwelashwa.

Ukuhlonza i-melanoma ye-metastatic

Uma kutholakala i-melanoma, udokotela wakho uzoqhuba izivivinyo ukuze aqiniseke ukuthi umdlavuza awusabalalanga.

Olunye lwezivivinyo zokuqala abanga-oda i-sentinel node biopsy. Lokhu kufaka ukujova udayi endaweni lapho i-melanoma isuswe khona. Idayi idlulela kuma-lymph node aseduze. La ma-lymph node ayasuswa bese ahlolwe amaseli womdlavuza. Uma bengenawo umdlavuza, kusho ukuthi umdlavuza awusakazekanga.

Uma umdlavuza uku-lymph node yakho, udokotela wakho uzosebenzisa ezinye izivivinyo ukubona ukuthi umdlavuza usakaze kwenye indawo emzimbeni wakho. Lokhu kufaka phakathi:

• Ama-X-ray
• Ukuskena kwe-CT
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-MRI
• Iskena sePET
• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi

Uphathwa kanjani i-metastatic melanoma?

Ukwelashwa kokukhula kwe-melanoma kuzoqala ngokuhlinzwa kokukhishwa ukuze kususwe isimila kanye namaseli omdlavuza asizungezile. Ukuhlinzwa kukodwa kungaphatha i-melanoma engakasakazeki okwamanje.

Lapho umdlavuza ususakazekile futhi usakazeka, kudingeka ezinye izindlela zokwelashwa.

Uma umdlavuza usabalalele kuma-lymph node akho, izindawo ezithintekile zingasuswa nge-lymph node dissection. Odokotela bangaphinde banikeze i-interferon ngemuva kokuhlinzwa ukunciphisa amathuba okusabalala komdlavuza.

Udokotela wakho angase asikisele ngemisebe, i-immunotherapy, noma i-chemotherapy yokwelapha i-metastatic melanoma. Ukuhlinzwa kungasetshenziselwa ukususa umdlavuza kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba wakho.

I-melanoma ye-metastatic ivame ukuba nzima ukuyelapha. Kodwa-ke, kunezilingo eziningi zomtholampilo eziqhubekayo ezifuna izindlela ezintsha zokwelapha lesi simo.

Izinkinga ezibangelwa ukwelashwa

Ukwelashwa kwe-melanoma ye-metastatic kungadala isicanucanu, ubuhlungu, ukuhlanza nokukhathala.

Ukususwa kwama-lymph node akho kungaphazamisa uhlelo lwe-lymphatic. Lokhu kungaholela ekwakhiweni koketshezi nokuvuvukala ezithweni zakho, ezibizwa nge-lymphedema.

Abanye abantu babhekana nokudideka noma "ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo" ngesikhathi sokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali. Lokhu kungokwesikhashana. Abanye bangathola i-peripheral neuropathy noma ukulimala kwezinzwa ezivela ekhemotherapy. Lokhu kungaba unomphela.

Uyini umbono we-metastatic melanoma?

I-Melanoma iyelapheka uma ibanjwa futhi yelashwa kusenesikhathi. Uma i-melanoma isiphenduke imastastatic, kuba nzima kakhulu ukuyelapha. Isilinganiso seminyaka emihlanu sokusinda kwesigaba 4 se-metastatic melanoma cishe singamaphesenti ayi-15 kuye kwangama-20.

Uma uke waba ne-metastatic melanoma noma i-melanomas esikhathini esidlule, kubalulekile ukuqhubeka nokuthola ukulandelwa okuvamile nodokotela wakho. I-metastatic melanoma ingabuya, futhi ingabuya futhi kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba wakho.

Ukutholwa kwangaphambi kwesikhathi kubalulekile ekwelapheni i-melanoma ngempumelelo ngaphambi kokuthi kube ne-metastatic. Yenza i-aphoyintimenti nodokotela wesikhumba wakho wokuhlolwa umdlavuza wesikhumba waminyaka yonke. Kufanele futhi ubafonele uma ubona izinsumpa ezintsha noma ezishintshayo.