Okufanele Ukwazi Nge-Microcephaly

-Delile

• Ukubuka konke
• Yini ebangela i-microcephaly?
• Izimo zofuzo
• Isifo seCornelia de Lange
• I-Down syndrome
• Isifo seCri-du-chat
• Isifo sikaRubinstein-Taybi
• Iseckel syndrome
• Isifo sikaSmith-Lemli-Opitz
• I-Trisomy 18
• Ukuvezwa kwamagciwane, izidakamizwa, noma ubuthi
• Igciwane leZika
• I-Methylmercury ushevu
• I-rubella yokuzalwa
• I-toxoplasmosis yokuzalwa
• I-cytomegalovirus yokuzalwa
• I-phenylketonuria (PKU) engalawulwa kumama
• Izinkinga zokulethwa
• Yiziphi izinkinga ezihambisana ne-microcephaly?
• I-microcephaly itholakala kanjani?
• Yelashwa kanjani i-microcephaly?
• Ingabe i-microcephaly ingavinjelwa?

Ukubuka konke

Udokotela wakho angalinganisa ukukhula kwengane yakho ngezindlela eziningana. Isibonelo, udokotela wakho uzohlola ubude noma ubude bengane yakho nesisindo sayo ukuze ifunde ukuthi ikhula kahle yini.

Esinye isilinganiso sokukhula kwezinsana ubuzungezi bekhanda, noma ubukhulu bekhanda lengane yakho. Kubalulekile ngoba kungakhombisa ukuthi ubuchopho babo bukhula kahle kangakanani.

Uma ubuchopho bengane yakho bungakhuli kahle, bangaba nesimo esaziwa njenge-microcephaly.

I-Microcephaly yisimo lapho ikhanda lengane yakho lincane kunezinye izingane ezilingana nobulili obufanayo. Lesi simo singaba khona lapho kuzalwa ingane yakho.

Kungakhula futhi eminyakeni emibili yokuqala yokuphila kwabo. Ayinawo umuthi. Kodwa-ke, ukuxilongwa nokwelashwa kusenesikhathi kungathuthukisa umbono wengane yakho.

Yini ebangela i-microcephaly?

Isikhathi esiningi, ukukhula kwengqondo okungajwayelekile kudala lesi simo.

Ukukhula kobuchopho okungajwayelekile kungenzeka ngenkathi ingane yakho isesibelethweni noma ngesikhathi sobuntwana. Imvamisa, imbangela yokukhula kobuchopho okungavamile ayaziwa. Ezinye izimo zofuzo zingadala i-microcephaly.

Izimo zofuzo

Izimo zofuzo ezingadala i-microcephaly zifaka:

Isifo seCornelia de Lange

ICornelia de Lange syndrome inciphisa ukukhula kwengane yakho ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwesibeletho. Izici ezijwayelekile zalesi sifo zifaka:

• izinkinga zengqondo
• ukungalungi kwengalo nesandla
• izici zobuso ezihlukile

Isibonelo, izingane ezikulesi simo zivame ukuba:

• amashiya akhula ndawonye phakathi
• izindlebe eziphansi
• ikhala elincane namazinyo

I-Down syndrome

I-Down syndrome yaziwa nangokuthi i-trisomy 21. Izingane ezine-trisomy 21 ngokuvamile zine:

• ukubambezeleka kwengqondo
• ukukhubazeka kwengqondo okuphakathi kuya kokulingene
• imisipha ebuthakathaka
• izici zobuso ezihlukile, njengamehlo amise okwe-alimondi, ubuso obuyindilinga, nezici ezincane

Isifo seCri-du-chat

Izingane ezine-cri-du-chat syndrome, noma i-cry's cry syndrome, zinokukhala okuhlukile, okuphakeme kakhulu, okufana nekati. Izici ezijwayelekile zalesi sifo esingavamile zifaka:

• ukukhubazeka kwengqondo
• isisindo sokuzalwa esiphansi
• imisipha ebuthakathaka
• izici ezithile zobuso, ezinjengamehlo asethwe kabanzi, umhlathi omncane, nezindlebe ezisezingeni eliphansi

Isifo sikaRubinstein-Taybi

Izingane ezine-Rubenstein-Taybi syndrome zifushane kunokujwayelekile. Futhi bane:

• izithupha nezinzwane ezinkulu
• izici zobuso ezihlukile
• ukukhubazeka ngokwengqondo

Abantu abanesimo esinzima salesi simo kaningi abaphili ebuntwaneni obudlule.

Iseckel syndrome

ISeckel syndrome yisimo esingajwayelekile esidala ukubambezeleka kokukhula ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwesisu. Izici ezivamile zifaka:

• ukukhubazeka kwengqondo
• izici ezithile zobuso, kufaka phakathi ubuso obuncane, ikhala elifana nomlomo, nomhlathi othambile.

Isifo sikaSmith-Lemli-Opitz

Izingane ezine-Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome zine:

• ukukhubazeka ngokwengqondo
• ukukhubazeka kokuziphatha okukhombisa i-autism

Izimpawu zokuqala zalesi sifo zifaka:

• ubunzima bokudla
• ukukhula kancane
• kuhlanganiswe izinzwane zesibili nezesithathu

I-Trisomy 18

I-Trisomy 18 yaziwa nangokuthi i-Edward's syndrome. Kungadala:

• ukukhula kancane esibelethweni
• isisindo sokuzalwa esiphansi
• ukukhubazeka kwezitho zomzimba
• ikhanda elime ngokungajwayelekile

Izingane ezine-Trisomy 18 imvamisa azisindi esidlule inyanga yokuqala yokuphila.

Ukuvezwa kwamagciwane, izidakamizwa, noma ubuthi

I-Microcephaly nayo ingenzeka lapho ingane yakho ivezwa amagciwane athile, izidakamizwa, noma ubuthi esibelethweni. Isibonelo, ukusebenzisa utshwala noma izidakamizwa ngenkathi ukhulelwe kungadala i-microcephaly ezinganeni.

Lokhu okulandelayo ngezinye izimbangela ze-microcephaly:

Igciwane leZika

Omiyane abathelelekile badlulisela igciwane leZika kubantu. Ukutheleleka ngokuvamile akukubi kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, uma uba nesifo segciwane le-Zika ngenkathi ukhulelwe, ungasidlulisela enganeni yakho.

Igciwane le-Zika lingadala i-microcephaly nezinye izinkinga zokuzalwa ezinzima. Lokhu kufaka phakathi:

• ukungaboni kahle nokubona
• ukukhula okungakhuli kahle

I-Methylmercury ushevu

Abanye abantu basebenzisa i-methylmercury ukugcina imbewu okusanhlamvu abaphakela izilwane. Ingakha futhi emanzini, okuholela ezinhlanzini ezingcolile.

Ubuthi benzeka lapho udla ukudla kwasolwandle okungcolile noma inyama evela esilwaneni esidliswe okusanhlamvu kwembewu okuqukethe i-methylmercury. Uma ingane yakho ichayeka kulo shevu, ingahle ilimale ebuchosheni nasemgogodleni.

I-rubella yokuzalwa

Uma uthola igciwane elibanga isimungumungwane saseJalimane, noma i-rubella, ezinyangeni ezintathu zokuqala zokukhulelwa, ingane yakho ingahle ibe nezinkinga ezinkulu.

Lezi zinkinga zingafaka:

• ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa
• ukukhubazeka kwengqondo
• isithuthwane

Kodwa-ke, lesi simo asijwayelekile kakhulu ngenxa yokusebenzisa umuthi wokugomela i-rubella.

I-toxoplasmosis yokuzalwa

Uma utheleleke ngo-parasite I-Toxoplasma gondii ngenkathi ukhulelwe, kungalimaza ingane yakho ekhulayo.

Ingane yakho ingazalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi ngezinkinga eziningi zomzimba, kufaka phakathi:

• isithuthwane
• ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa nokubona

Lesi silokazane sitholakala kweminye indle yekati nenyama engaphekiwe.

I-cytomegalovirus yokuzalwa

Uma uthola i-cytomegalovirus ngenkathi ukhulelwe, ungayidlulisela kumbungu wakho nge-placenta yakho. Ezinye izingane ezisencane yizithwali ezivamile zaleli gciwane.

Ezinsaneni, kungadala:

• i-jaundice
• ukuqubuka
• isithuthwane

Uma ukhulelwe, kufanele uthathe izinyathelo zokuqapha, kufaka phakathi:

• ukugeza izandla njalo
• ukungabelani ngezitsha nezingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-6 ubudala

I-phenylketonuria (PKU) engalawulwa kumama

Uma ukhulelwe futhi une-phenylketonuria (PKU), kubalulekile ukulandela ukudla okuphansi kwe-phenylalanine. Ungathola le nto ku:

• ubisi
• amaqanda
• ubumnandi be-aspartame

Uma usebenzisa kakhulu i-phenylalanine, ingalimaza ingane yakho ekhulayo.

Izinkinga zokulethwa

I-Microcephaly nayo ingadalwa yizinkinga ezithile ngesikhathi sokubeletha.

• Ukwehla kwe-oksijeni ebuchosheni bengane yakho kungakhuphula ubungozi bayo bokuthola lesi sifo.
• Ukungondleki okukhulu komama nakho kungakhulisa amathuba abo okuba nayo.

Yiziphi izinkinga ezihambisana ne-microcephaly?

Izingane ezitholwe zinalesi simo zizoba nezinkinga eziphansi ukuya kwezinzima. Izingane ezinezinkinga ezincane zingaba nokuhlakanipha okujwayelekile. Kodwa-ke, ukuzungeza kwekhanda labo kuzohlala kukuncane ngeminyaka yabo nobulili babo.

Izingane ezinezinkinga ezinzima kakhulu zingathola:

• ukukhubazeka kwengqondo
• ukusebenza kwemoto okubambezelekile
• inkulumo ebambezelekile
• ukuhlanekezelwa kobuso
• ukukhathazeka ngokweqile
• isithuthwane
• ubunzima ngokuxhumanisa nokulinganisela

I-dwarfism kanye nesiqu esifushane akuzona izinkinga ze-microcephaly. Noma kunjalo, zingahlotshaniswa nalesi simo.

I-microcephaly itholakala kanjani?

Udokotela wengane yakho angakwazi ukuxilonga lesi simo ngokulandela ukukhula nentuthuko yengane yakho. Lapho ubeletha ingane yakho, udokotela uzolinganisa ubukhulu bentloko yabo.

Bazobeka itheyiphu yokulinganisa ezungeze ikhanda lengane yakho bese beqopha usayizi wayo. Uma bebona ukungajwayelekile, bangahlonza ingane yakho nge-microcephaly.

Udokotela wengane yakho uzoqhubeka nokukala ikhanda lengane yakho ezivivinyweni ezijwayelekile zezingane phakathi neminyaka emibili yokuqala yokuphila. Bazogcina namarekhodi okukhula nokukhula kwengane yakho. Lokhu kuzobasiza ukuthi babone noma ikuphi ukungajwayelekile.

Qopha noma yiziphi izinguquko ekukhuleni kwengane yakho ezenzeka phakathi kokuvakashelwa nodokotela wazo. Tshela udokotela ngazo ekuqokweni okulandelayo.

Yelashwa kanjani i-microcephaly?

Alikho ikhambi le-microcephaly. Noma kunjalo, ukwelashwa kuyatholakala ngesimo sengane yakho. Kuzogxila ekuphatheni izinkinga.

Uma ingane yakho ibambezele ukusebenza kwezimoto, ukwelashwa emsebenzini kungabasiza. Uma bebambezele ukuthuthukiswa kolimi, ukwelashwa kokukhuluma kungasiza. Lezi zindlela zokwelapha zizosiza ekwakheni nasekuqiniseni amakhono emvelo engane yakho.

Uma ingane yakho iba nezinkinga ezithile, njengokuquleka noma ukungasebenzi kahle, udokotela futhi anganikeza umuthi ozobelapha.

Uma udokotela wengane yakho ebaxilonga enalesi simo, uzodinga nokuxhaswa. Ukuthola abahlinzeki bokunakekela impilo abanakekela iqembu lezokwelapha lengane yakho kubalulekile. Bangakusiza wenze izinqumo ezinolwazi.

Ungase futhi uthande ukuxhumana neminye imindeni enezingane eziphila ne-microcephaly. Amaqembu okusekela nemiphakathi eku-inthanethi ingakusiza ukuphatha isimo sengane yakho futhi ikusize uthole izinsiza eziwusizo.

Ingabe i-microcephaly ingavinjelwa?

Akunakwenzeka ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuvimbela i-microcephaly, ikakhulukazi uma imbangela ingeyofuzo. Uma ingane yakho inale nkinga, ungahle ufune ukululekwa ngofuzo.

inganikeza izimpendulo nolwazi oluhambisana nezigaba zempilo, kufaka phakathi:

• ukuhlela ukukhulelwa
• ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa
• ukunakekela izingane
• ephila njengomuntu omdala

Ukuthola ukunakekelwa okufanele ngaphambi kokukhulelwa nokugwema ukusebenzisa utshwala nezidakamizwa ngenkathi ukhulelwe kungakusiza uvikele i-microcephaly. Ukuhlolwa kokubeletha kunika udokotela wakho ithuba lokuthola izimo zomama, njenge-PKU engalawulwa.

Izincomo ukuthi abesifazane abakhulelwe akufanele bahambele izindawo lapho kuke kwaba khona ukuqubuka kwegciwane iZika noma izindawo ezisengozini yokuqubuka kweZika.

I-CDC yeluleka abesifazane abacabanga ukukhulelwa ukuba balandele izincomo ezifanayo noma okungenani bakhulume nodokotela wabo ngaphambi kokuhambela lezi zindawo.