Kuyini Ukwelashwa KweMilieu?

-Delile

• Isebenza kanjani i-milieu therapy?
• Yiziphi izimiso eziqondisayo zokwelashwa kwendawo?
• Indawo ephephile, ehlelekile
• Amaqembu okwelashwa ahlukahlukene
• Ukuhloniphana
• Isibopho somuntu ngamunye
• Imisebenzi njengamathuba
• Ukuxhumana kontanga njengokwelapha
• Yiziphi izimo zokwelapha eziphakathi ezelapha?
• Luphumelela kangakanani ukwelashwa kwendawo?
• Ngubani owenza i-milieu therapy?
• Ngabe bukhona ubungozi noma ukungahambi kahle okufanele wazi ngakho?
• Ukuba sengozini kwethimba lezokwelapha
• Isidingo soguquko
• Okubalulekile

Ukwelashwa kweMilieu kuyindlela yokwelapha izimo zempilo yengqondo usebenzisa indawo ezungeze umuntu ukukhuthaza izindlela ezinempilo zokucabanga nokuziphatha.

“Milieu” kusho ukuthi “maphakathi” ngesiFulentshi. Le ndlela yokwelashwa ingaziwa ngokuthi yi-milieu therapy (MT) ngoba labo abasohlelweni bacwile emphakathini omncane, owakhiwe ugxile ekubasizeni bathuthukise amakhono nokuziphatha okuzobenza bakwazi ukuphila impilo enempilo emphakathini omkhulu.

Eminye yayo yokuqala ichaze iMT njengendawo yokufunda ephilayo.

UMT ubelokhu ekhona ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene isikhathi esingaphezu kwekhulu leminyaka. Yize imininingwane yayo iqhubeka nokuvela, indlela yayo eyinhloko ihlale ingaguquguquki: Abantu bazungezwe umphakathi ophephile, owakhiwe lapho imisebenzi yabo yansuku zonke nokusebenzisana kwabo kukhona izindlela zokwelashwa.

Le ndlela yokwelashwa kungenzeka yenzeke ngokugcwele, endaweni yokuhlala, kodwa futhi ingenzeka nasemhlanganweni noma ekuhlelweni kweqembu lontanga, njenge-Alcoholics Anonymous.

Isebenza kanjani i-milieu therapy?

Ekwelashweni okuphakathi, uchitha isikhathi esiningi endaweni efana nasekhaya, uxhumana nabanye abantu njengoba uqhuba imisebenzi ejwayelekile usuku lonke. Ungaya emihlanganweni yokwelashwa yeqembu noma yomuntu ngamunye njengengxenye yesheduli yakho.

Uzozibekela imigomo yakho yokwelashwa bese uzithathela izinqumo, futhi ubambe iqhaza ekwenzeni izinqumo zomphakathi. Njengoba izinselelo zivela osukwini lwakho, ufunda izindlela ezintsha zokuphendula kontanga yakho nakweluleki.

Uhlala isikhathi esingakanani ku-MT kuzohluka kusuka ohlelweni kuye kuhlelo, kepha inhloso imvamisa ukubuyela emphakathini omkhulu noma ngabe imigomo yakho yokwelashwa ihlangatshezwa noma esikhathini esithile.

Yiziphi izimiso eziqondisayo zokwelashwa kwendawo?

Indawo ephephile, ehlelekile

Izinhlelo ze-MT zigcizelela imikhuba, imingcele, kanye nokuxhumana okuvulelekile ukwakha ukwethembana phakathi kwabantu abakulo hlelo. Ukusiza ukufeza lezi zinhloso, abelaphi basebenzisa izimpendulo ezingabikezelwa, ezinokwethenjelwa lapho bexhumana nabahlanganyeli.

Inhloso ukudala iqiniso elizinzile, eliguquguqukayo ukuze abantu bazizwe bephephe ngokwanele ukuthi bangafunda futhi bashintshe.

Amaqembu okwelashwa ahlukahlukene

Iningi labantu abasezinhlelweni ze-MT bathola ukunakekelwa kubantu abasemisebenzini ehlukene yokunakekelwa kwezempilo. Lapho amaqembu ezokwelapha enziwa ochwepheshe abavela emikhakheni ehlukene, iziguli zithola inzuzo yamasu amasu nemibono ehlukahlukene.

Abanye bakhombisile ukuthi amaqembu ahlukahlukene ahlukene asiza iqembu lokwelashwa ukuba lenze izinhloso ezingcono zeziguli zazo. La maqembu asiza ukukhuthaza isimo esihle sokufunda kanye nomuzwa wokulingana phakathi kwamakhasimende nabasebenzi.

Ukuhloniphana

Enye yezinto ezinamandla kakhulu kule ndlela yokwelashwa umbono wokuthi wonke umuntu ohlelweni - abelaphi neziguli ngokufanayo - kufanele bahlonishwe.

Iningi lezinhlelo ze-MT ligxila ngenhloso yokwakha izindawo ezisekelanayo, ezinakekelayo lapho abantu bengakhuluma ngokuhlangenwe nakho kwabo komunye nomunye njengoba behamba usuku lonke.

Izilungiselelo ze-MT azisebenzi ngendawo yokuphatha yendabuko lapho abelaphi benamagunya amaningi okwenza izinqumo futhi ababambiqhaza banokulawula okuncane ezindaweni zabo.

Isibopho somuntu ngamunye

Ekwelapheni okuphakathi, amandla asatshalaliswa ngendlela elinganayo. Le ndlela yokwabelana ngegunya ivumela wonke umuntu ohlelweni ukuthi abe nomuzwa omkhulu wokuzikhethela kanye nokuzibophezela. Lokho kungenxa yokuthi inhloso yokugcina ukuthi wonke umuntu ohlelweni aqhamuke enokuzethemba okukhulu emandleni abo okusingatha izingcindezi emphakathini omkhulu.

Imisebenzi njengamathuba

Ngale ndlela yokwelashwa, iziguli zinezibopho zansuku zonke ezifaka isandla ekusebenzeni kwemvelo yazo. Izinhlelo eziningi zivumela abantu ukuthi bakhethe umsebenzi abawenzayo nsuku zonke ukuze bazizwe bekhululekile futhi bekhiqiza.

Umqondo ukuthi le misebenzi nezibopho kuzoba ngamathuba okubuka, ukukhuluma ngawo, nokuguqula izindlela zokucabanga nokwenza okungaphilile.

Ukuxhumana kontanga njengokwelapha

Ekwelashweni kweMilieu, amandla weqembu adlala indima ebalulekile ekwakheni isimilo. ichaze amandla weqembu elinamandla ngamandla alo okusiza amalungu eqembu ukuthi aqonde ukuthi ukuziphatha kwawo kubathinta kanjani abanye abantu.

Njengoba abantu besebenza, bedlala futhi behlanganyela, amathuba nezingxabano kuvela ngokwemvelo, futhi abantu bangafunda izindlela ezintsha zokubhekana nazo futhi babaphendule.

Yiziphi izimo zokwelapha eziphakathi ezelapha?

I-MT ingasetshenziselwa ukwelapha cishe noma yisiphi isimo esingokwengqondo noma sokuziphatha. I-MT ethos imvamisa iyingxenye yendlela yokwelashwa ezikhungweni zokuhlumelelisa umlutha, emaqenjini okulahlekelwa isisindo, nasemitholampilo yokuhlala neyangaphandle yeziguli elapha ukuphazamiseka kokuziphatha.

Abanye abacwaningi baphethe ngokuthi i-MT iyindlela enhle yokwakha isisekelo sokwelashwa sabantu abanenkinga yokudla. Kulezi zilungiselelo zokwelapha, iziguli zinezibonelo zamakhono asebenzayo, eziwavumela ukuthi afunde amakhono amasha futhi azisize zikhulise imizwa yokwethembana nethemba.

Kukhona nobunye ubufakazi bokuthi i-MT ingasiza ekwehliseni izimpawu nokwandisa ukuphumula kubantu abane-schizophrenia.

Luphumelela kangakanani ukwelashwa kwendawo?

Njenganoma iyiphi indlela yokwelashwa, impumelelo yokwelashwa kwendawo iyahlukahluka kuye ngeqembu.

Okungenani oyedwa wabantu abathola ukwelashwa okungalaliseki kwezifo ezimbili ubonise ukuthi lapho ukuzivocavoca kufakwa kwi-MT, iziguli bezizwa ukuthi bathola izinzuzo ezicacile, ezikhonkolo, kufaka phakathi ukwakha imikhuba emisha nokwenza umqondo wobuciko.

Ngubani owenza i-milieu therapy?

Impendulo yalo mbuzo iyahlukahluka kuye ngeqembu. Kwezinye izilungiselelo, ochwepheshe abanelayisense yezempilo yengqondo basungula izinhloso zokwelashwa futhi babe yizibonelo.

Ekilabhini engakahleleki kahle noma emihlanganweni, amalungu eqembu ahlinzekana ngokwelashwa ngaphansi kokuholwa ngumgqugquzeli weqembu.

Ngabe bukhona ubungozi noma ukungahambi kahle okufanele wazi ngakho?

Ukuba sengozini kwethimba lezokwelapha

Njenganoma iyiphi enye indlela yokwelashwa noma yokwelashwa, i-MT iletha izinkinga ezithile. Uma ucabangela imvelo ye-MT, into eyodwa okufanele uyicabangele isilinganiso sabasebenzi ezigulini.

Lapho bengekho abahlengikazi abenele, abelaphi, kanye nabanye abanakekeli, iqembu lezokwelapha lingazizwa linesidingo esikhulu sokulawula imvelo, okungaholela kwisitayela sokuxhumana esinegunya ngokwengeziwe. Isikhundla sobushiqela siphikisana nezinhloso zohlelo oluhle lwe-MT.

Abanye abanakekeli, kufaka phakathi abahlengikazi nabelaphi, kwesinye isikhathi bazizwa besengozini ku-MT. Abanye bakhathazeka ngokuthi iziguli zingazilimaza ngokomzimba nangokomzwelo. Abanye baveze umuzwa wokuthi bebengalingani nezimfuno zobungcweti ezilethwa ukwelashwa kwendawo.

Uma ucabanga uhlelo lwe-MT, kungahle kube kuhle ukukhuluma namalungu eqembu ukuthola ukuthi bazizwa bephephe futhi besekelwa kangakanani, njengoba umbono wabo ungaba nomthelela kubantu abasemphakathini wokwelashwa.

Isidingo soguquko

Okunye kokukhathazeka okuyinhloko mayelana nokwelashwa kwendawo ukuthi abantu abasehlelweni bangaba nesikhathi esinzima sokuzivumelanisa nempilo engaphandle kwendawo noma ukwelashwa. Kubantu abaningi, ukwelashwa kwe-milieu kungokwesikhashana - inhloso ukufunda amakhono abasiza ukuthi bakwazi ukusebenza nokubhekana ngaphandle.

Uma ucabanga ngohlelo lwe-MT, cabanga ukukhuluma nethimba lezokwelapha ngokuthi yiluphi usizo olutholakala kubantu abashiya lolu hlelo ngemuva kokuphela kokwelashwa.

Okubalulekile

Ukwelashwa kweMilieu kuyindlela yokwelapha lapho kusetjenziswa khona iqembu eliphephile, elihlelekile ukusiza abantu bafunde izindlela ezinempilo zokucabanga, ukusebenzisana nokuziphatha emphakathini omkhulu.

Kwesinye isikhathi, i-MT yenzeka esimeni sesiguli, kepha futhi ingasebenza nasezilungiselelweni ezingalindeleki zabangalaliswayo njengamaqembu okusekela.

UMT ugcizelela umthwalo wemfanelo owabiwe, ukuhloniphana, kanye nethonya elihle lontanga. Isetshenziselwe ukwelapha izimo ezahlukahlukene ezingokwengqondo nezokuziphatha. Kepha njengezindlela eziningi zokwelashwa, ukusebenza kwayo kuyahlukahluka kuya ngomphakathi nabelaphi abathintekayo.

Uma ucabangela i-MT, kubalulekile ukuthola uhlelo olunikeza ukwesekwa njengoba usuka endaweni yokwelashwa uya emphakathini omkhulu.