Isifo sofuba iMycobacterium

-Delile

• Ukubuka konke
• Kubangelwa yini?
• Isifo sofuba iMycobacterium vs. Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC)
• Ukudlulisela nezimpawu
• Ubani osengozini?
• Kutholakala kanjani?
• Ongakwenza ukunciphisa ukuvezwa
• Ukuthatha

Ukubuka konke

Isifo sofuba iMycobacterium (M. isifo sofuba) yigciwane elidala isifo sofuba (TB) kubantu. I-TB yisifo esithinta kakhulu amaphaphu, yize singahlasela ezinye izitho zomzimba. Usakazeka njengomkhuhlane noma umkhuhlane - ngamaconsi omoya axoshiwe avela kumuntu one-TB esithathelwanayo.

Lapho uhogela, ibhaktheriya lingahlala emaphashini, lapho liqala khona ukukhula. Uma ingalashwa, ingasakazeka ezindaweni ezifana nezinso, umgogodla nobuchopho. Kungasongela impilo.

Ngokusho kwalokhu, zingaphezu kwezi-9 000 izigameko ezintsha ze-TB ezibikwe e-United States ngo-2017.

Kubangelwa yini?

Izigidi zabantu zihlala M. isifo sofuba. Ngokusho kwalokhu, ingxenye eyodwa kwezine yabantu emhlabeni inamagciwane, kodwa akubona bonke abagulayo.

Eqinisweni, yilabo kuphela abathwala ibhaktheriya abangahlakulela icala lesifo sofuba esisebenzayo nesithathelwanayo esikhathini sabo sokuphila. Lokho kuvamise ukwenzeka lapho amaphaphu eselimele kakade ezifweni ezinjenge-chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) ne-cystic fibrosis noma ukubhema.

Abantu futhi baba ne-TB kalula uma amasosha omzimba ebuthakathaka. Labo abelashwa ngamakhemikhali omdlavuza, ngokwesibonelo, noma labo abane-HIV, bangaba namasosha omzimba abuthakathaka. I-CDC ibika ukuthi i-TB iwukufa kwabantu abane-HIV.

Isifo sofuba iMycobacterium vs. Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC)

Ngenkathi bobabili M. isifo sofuba futhi I-Mycobacterium avium okuyinkimbinkimbi kungadala isifo samaphaphu, imvamisa ezinezimpawu ezifanayo, azifani.

M. isifo sofuba kubangela i-TB. I-MAC kwesinye isikhathi ingadala izifo zamaphaphu, njengokutheleleka okungapheli kwamaphaphu, kepha ayiyibangeli i-TB. Kuyingxenye yeqembu lamagciwane aziwa nge-NTM (nontuberculous mycobacteria).

M. isifo sofuba isakazwa emoyeni. I-MAC yigciwane elivamile elitholakala ikakhulukazi emanzini nasenhlabathini. Ungayithola uma uphuza noma ugeza ngamanzi angcolile noma uphatha inhlabathi noma udla ukudla okunezinhlayiya eziqukethe i-MAC.

Ukudlulisela nezimpawu

Ungathola M. isifo sofuba lapho uphefumula ngamaconsi axoshiwe avela kumuntu onesifo sofuba esisebenzayo. Izimpawu zalesi sifo zifaka:

• ukukhwehlela okubi, okulibele
• ekhwehlela igazi
• ubuhlungu esifubeni
• imfiva
• ukukhathala
• ukujuluka ebusuku
• ukuncipha komzimba

Umuntu angaba negciwane kepha angabi nazimpawu. Kulokhu, azithelelani. Lolu hlobo lokutheleleka lubizwa nge-TB efihlekile.

Ngokusho kocwaningo lwango-2016, amaphesenti angama-98 amacala adluliselwa ngokukhwehlela komuntu onesifo esisebenzayo. Lawa maconsi angaba futhi lapho umuntu ethimula noma ekhuluma.

Kodwa-ke, i-TB akulula ukuyibamba. Ngokwe-CDC, awukwazi ukukuthola ekubanjaneni izandla, uphuza ngengilazi eyodwa, noma udlula umuntu one-TB ekhwehlelayo.

Esikhundleni salokho, igciwane lisakazeka ngokuxhumana okuhlala isikhathi eside. Isibonelo, ukwabelana ngendlu noma ukuhamba ngemoto ende nomuntu onesifo esisebenzayo kungaholela ekutheni uyibambe.

Ubani osengozini?

Ngenkathi isifo sofuba sesincipha e-United States, kukude ukuqedwa. Ukuba namasosha omzimba abuthakathaka noma amaphaphu kuyingcuphe yokuthola i-TB.

Kubuye kube yingcuphe yokuba muva nje uvezwe yi-TB. I-CDC ibika ukuthi mayelana nezifo ze-TB e-United States kungenxa yokudluliswa kwamuva nje.

Ngokusho kuka, labo okungenzeka ukuthi badalulwe muva nje bafaka:

• ukuxhumana okusondelene nomuntu one-TB esithathelwanayo
• umuntu osebenza noma ohlala nabantu uqobo lwabo abasengozini enkulu yokutheleleka nge-TB (okubandakanya abantu abasebenza ezibhedlela, izindawo zokuhlala ezingenamakhaya, noma izindawo zokuhlunyeleliswa kwezimilo)
• umuntu ofuduke engxenyeni yomhlaba enamazinga aphezulu okutheleleka nge-TB
• ingane eneminyaka engaphansi kwengu-5 ihlolwe i-TB i-positive

Kutholakala kanjani?

Uma unezimpawu ze-TB noma unezici eziyingozi, udokotela wakho angayalela izivivinyo ezibheka ukutholakala kuzo M. isifo sofuba. Lezi zivivinyo zingafaka:

• Ukuhlolwa kwesikhumba seMantoux tuberculin (TST). Iphrotheni ebizwa nge-tuberculin iyajovwa ngaphansi kwesikhumba sengalo. Uma utheleleke nge M. isifo sofuba, impendulo izokwenzeka kungakapheli amahora angama-72 okuhlolwa.
• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi. Lokhu kukala ukusabela kwakho komzimba M. isifo sofuba.

Lezi zivivinyo zikhombisa kuphela ukuthi usuvezwe yini kubhaktheriya ye-TB noma cha, noma ngabe unesifo esisebenzayo se-TB. Ukunquma ukuthi udokotela wakho anga-oda:

• I-X-ray yesifuba. Lokhu kuvumela udokotela ukuthi abheke izinhlobo zezinguquko ezenziwa yi-TB.
• Isiko lesikhohlela. Isikhwehlela yisikhwehlela nesicucu samathe esikhwehlela emaphashini akho.

Ongakwenza ukunciphisa ukuvezwa

Abantu - ngisho nalabo abanempilo enhle - bakhwehlela futhi bathimule. Ukunciphisa ubungozi bokuthola M. isifo sofuba kanye namanye amagciwane amaningi kanye namagciwane, landela le mihlahlandlela:

• Nakekela impilo yakho. Yidla ukudla okunomsoco, okunomsoco. Lala amahora ayisikhombisa kuya kwayisishiyagalombili ebusuku. Vivinya umzimba njalo.
• Gcina ikhaya lakho nehhovisi lakho kungena umoya. Lokho kungasiza ukusabalalisa noma yimaphi amaconsi anegciwane, axoshiwe.
• Thimula noma ukhwehlele ube yisicubu. Yala abanye ukuba benze njalo futhi.

Futhi cabanga ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho mayelana nokuthola umuthi wokugomela i-TB. Lokhu kuhloswe ngakho ukuvikela ukutholwa kwe-TB nokuvikela ukusakazwa kwe-TB kulabo abadaluliwe.

Kodwa-ke, ukusebenza komuthi wokugomela i-TB kuyahlukahluka kakhulu, futhi emazweni amaningi athuthukile lapho isifo sofuba singavamile, asikho isizathu sokuwuthola.

Khuluma nodokotela wakho mayelana nobuhle nobubi bokuyithola. Uma uhambela indawo ene-TB eningi, noma uhlala uchayeke kuyo, kungahle kube nengqondo.

Ukuthatha

Ngokwe-CDC, i-TB yabulala abantu e-United States nase-Europe ekuqaleni kwawo-1900. Ngenhlanhla, lokho kushintshiwe. Kulezi zinsuku, ukutheleleka nge M. isifo sofuba akuvamile kubantu abaphilile e-United States.

Kubeka engcupheni enkulu labo ababeke engozini amasosha omzimba namaphaphu abuthakathaka ngenxa yezifo noma ukulimala kwemvelo. Abasebenzi bezempilo nabo basengozini enkulu.

Igciwane livame ukudluliselwa kumuntu ngokuhogela amathonsi anegciwane. Kungenzeka futhi ukuthi uthole ukutheleleka lapho ibhaktheriya lidlula ngamakhefu esikhunjeni noma kolwelwesi lwamafinyila.

Isifo ukuthi M. isifo sofuba ukukhiqiza kungaba yingozi. Kepha namuhla, imithi emihle - kufaka phakathi ama-antibiotic isoniazid ne-rifampin - inikeza ukwelashwa okusebenzayo.