Neutropenia: siyini futhi izimbangela eziyinhloko

-Delile

• Izimbangela ze-neutropenia
• I-cyclic neutropenia
• I-neutropenia ye-Febrile

I-Neutropenia ifana nokwehla kwenani lama-neutrophils, okungamaseli egazi abhekene nokulwa nezifo. Ngokufanelekile, inani lama-neutrophils kufanele libe phakathi kuka-1500 no-8000 / mm³, kodwa-ke, ngenxa yezinguquko emnkantsheni wethambo noma kwinqubo yokuvuthwa kwalawa maseli, inani lama-neutrophils ajikelezayo lingehla, libonisa i-neutropenia.

Ngokwenani lama-neutrophils atholakele, i-neutropenia ingahlukaniswa ngokobukhulu bayo ibe:

• I-neutropenia emnene, lapho i-neutrophils iphakathi kuka-1000 no-1500 / µL;
• I-neutropenia emaphakathi, lapho i-neutrophils iphakathi kuka-500 kuya ku-1000 / µL;
• I-neutropenia enamandla, lapho i-neutrophils ingaphansi kuka-500 / µL, engavumela ukwanda kwesikhunta namagciwane ahlala ngokwemvelo emzimbeni, okuholela ekuthelelekeni;

Uma incane inani lama-neutrophils ajikelezayo, kukhulu ukuthambekela komuntu ezifweni. Kubalulekile ukuthi i-neutropenia ihlolwe ngokucophelela, ngoba umphumela kungenzeka ukuthi uthonywe yizinkinga ngesikhathi sokuqoqwa, ukugcinwa kwesampula noma izinguquko kumishini lapho kwenziwa khona ukuhlaziywa, isibonelo. Ngakho-ke, kunconywa ukuthi inani eliphelele le-neutrophil lihlolwe ukubona ukuthi empeleni kune-neutropenia.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, lapho inani lamangqamuzana abomvu egazi namaplatelet lijwayelekile futhi nenombolo yama-neutrophils iphansi, kunconywa ukuthi kwenziwe ukubalwa kwegazi okuphindaphindiwe ukuqinisekisa i-neutropenia.

Izimbangela ze-neutropenia

Ukwehla kwenani lama-neutrophil kungahle kube ngenxa yokukhiqiza okunganele noma izinguquko kwinqubo yokuvuthwa kwama-neutrophils emnkantsheni wamathambo noma ngenxa yezinga eliphakeme lokubhujiswa kwama-neutrophils egazini. Ngakho-ke, izimbangela eziyinhloko ze-neutropenia yilezi:

• I-megaloblastic anemia;
• I-aplastic anemia;
• Umdlavuza wegazi;
• Ubende obukhulisiwe;
• Ukuqina kwesibindi;
• Uhlelo lwe-lupus erythematosus;
• Paroxysmal ebusuku hemoglobinuria;
• Ukutheleleka ngegciwane, ikakhulukazi igciwane le-Epstein-Barr kanye ne-hepatitis virus;
• Ukutheleleka kwamagciwane, ikakhulukazi uma kunesifo sofuba kanye ne-septicemia.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-neutropenia ingenzeka njengomphumela wokwelashwa ngemithi ethile, njenge-Aminopyrine, Propiltiouracil nePenicillin, ngokwesibonelo, noma ngenxa yokushoda kukavithamini B12 noma i-folic acid, ngokwesibonelo.

Funda kabanzi ngama-neutrophils.

I-cyclic neutropenia

I-cyclic neutropenia ifana nesifo sofuzo esibusa kakhulu se-autosomal esibonwa ngamazinga anciphile ama-neutrophils emijikelezweni, okungukuthi, njalo ezinsukwini ezingama-21, isikhathi esiningi, kukhona ukwehla kwenani lama-neutrophils ajikelezayo.

Lesi sifo asivamile futhi senzeka ngenxa yokuguquka kwesakhi sofuzo esikhona ku-chromosome 19 esibhekele ukukhiqizwa kwe-enzyme, i-elastase, kuma-neutrophils. Uma ingekho le-enzyme, ama-neutrophils abhujiswa kaningi.

I-neutropenia ye-Febrile

I-Febrile neutropenia yenzeka lapho kunenani elincane lama-neutrophils, imvamisa engaphansi kwama-500 / µL, evumela ukutholakala kwezifo nokuholela ekukhuleni kokushisa komzimba, imvamisa kungaphezulu kuka-38ºC.

Ngakho-ke, ukwelashwa kwe-febrile neutropenia kuhilela ukuthatha imishanguzo yokwehlisa umkhuhlane, ama-antibiotic ngomlomo noma ngomthambo, ngokusho lokho udokotela akutshela ukuthi ulawule ukutheleleka kanye nemijovo enezici zokukhula kwe-neutrophil, ukulwa ne-neutropenia. Ngaphezu kwalokho, futhi kungadingeka ukwengeza i-antimicrobial yesibili ekwelashweni uma isiguli siqhubeka nokuba nomkhuhlane ngemuva kwezinsuku ezinhlanu siqala ukwelashwa.