Okubangela Izimvukuzane Zivele Ngokuzumayo

-Delile

• Izinhlobo zezimvukuzane
• Izimvukuzane azalwa nazo
• Ama-moles atholakele (abizwa nangokuthi ama-moles ajwayelekile)
• Ama-moles we-Atypical (abizwa nangokuthi i-dysplastic nevi)
• Izimbangela zezimvukuzane ezintsha
• Izimpawu zokuxwayisa ezihlobene nezimvukuzane
• Melanomas
• Ukuzihlola kwesikhumba
• Ukubonana nodokotela nini

Ukubuka konke

Izimvukuzane zivame kakhulu, futhi abantu abaningi banayo eyodwa noma ngaphezulu. Izimvukuzane ukugxila kwamaseli akhiqiza umbala (ama-melanocyte) esikhunjeni sakho. Abantu abanesikhumba esikhanyayo bavame ukuba nezimvukuzane eziningi.

Igama lobuchwepheshe lemvukuzane yi-nevus (ubuningi: nevi). Ivela egameni lesiLatini elisho uphawu lokuzalwa.

Isizathu sezimvukuzane asiqondakali kahle. Kucatshangwa ukuthi kungukuhlangana kwezici zofuzo nokonakala kwelanga ezimweni eziningi.

Izimvukuzane zivame ukuvela ebuntwaneni nasebusheni, futhi zishintshe ngosayizi nombala njengoba ukhula. Izimvukuzane ezintsha zivame ukuvela ngezikhathi lapho amazinga akho ama-hormone eguquka, njengesikhathi sokukhulelwa.

Ama-moles amaningi angaphansi kuka-1/4 intshi ububanzi. Umbala weMole usukela kokuphinki kuye kobunsundu ngokumnyama noma mnyama. Zingaba noma kuphi emzimbeni wakho, zodwa noma ngamaqembu.

Cishe wonke ama-moles anobungozi (awunomdlavuza). Kepha ama-moles amasha kumuntu omdala kungenzeka abe nomdlavuza kunama-moles amadala.

Uma imvukuzane entsha ivela lapho usumdala, noma uma imvukuzane iguquka ekubukekeni, kufanele ubone udokotela wesikhumba ukuze aqiniseke ukuthi ayinawo umdlavuza.

Izinhlobo zezimvukuzane

Kunezinhlobo eziningi zezimvukuzane, ezihlukaniswe lapho zivela, ukuthi zibukeka kanjani, kanye nengozi yokuba nomdlavuza.

Izimvukuzane azalwa nazo

Lezi zimvukuzane zibizwa ngokuthi yizimpawu zokuzalwa futhi ziyahlukahluka ngobukhulu, ukuma, nombala. Cishe amaphesenti angu-0.2 kuya ku-2.1 ezingane zizalwa zinemvukuzane yokuzalwa.

Ezinye izimpawu zokuzalwa zingalashwa ngezizathu zezimonyo lapho ingane isikhulile, ngokwesibonelo, iminyaka yobudala eyi-10 kuye kwengu-12 futhi ikwazi kangcono ukubekezelela izinzwa zendawo. Izinketho zokwelashwa zifaka:

• ukuhlinzwa
• ukuvuselelwa kwesikhumba (dermabrasion)
• ukushefa isikhumba (ukusika) kwezingqimba zesikhumba eziphezulu
• ikhasi lamakhemikhali lokukhanyisa
• i-laser ablation yokukhanyisa

Ubungozi

Izimvukuzane ezinkulu zokuzalwa zinengozi enkulu yokuba yingozi ebudaleni (amaphesenti ama-4 kuye kwayisithupha engcupheni yokuphila). Izinguquko ekukhuleni, umbala, ukuma, noma ubuhlungu bendawo yokuzalwa kufanele zihlolwe ngudokotela.

Ama-moles atholakele (abizwa nangokuthi ama-moles ajwayelekile)

Ama-moles atholakele yilawo avela esikhunjeni sakho ngemuva kokuzalwa kwakho. Zaziwa nangokuthi yizinsumpa ezivamile. Zingavela noma kuphi esikhunjeni sakho.

Abantu abanesikhumba esilinganayo imvamisa bangaba phakathi kuka-10 no-40 walezi zimvukuzane.

Izimvukuzane ezivamile ngokuvamile:

• okuyindilinga noma okusaqanda
• iyisicaba noma iphakanyiswe kancane noma kwesinye isikhathi imise okwedome
• bushelelezi noma bushelelezi
• umbala owodwa (umbala onsundu, onsundu, omnyama, obomvu, opinki, oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma onombala wesikhumba)
• okungaguquki
• encane (1/4 intshi noma ngaphansi; ubukhulu bokusula ipensela)
• ingaba nezinwele

Uma unesikhumba esimnyama noma izinwele ezimnyama, ama-moles wakho angaba mnyama kunalawo abantu abanesikhumba esihle.

Ubungozi

Uma unezimvukuzane ezivamile ezingaphezu kwama-50, usengozini enkulu yomdlavuza wesikhumba. Kodwa akuvamile ukuthi imvukuzane ejwayelekile ibe nomdlavuza.

Ama-moles we-Atypical (abizwa nangokuthi i-dysplastic nevi)

Izinsumpa ezi-Atypical zingavela noma kuphi emzimbeni wakho. Ama-moles we-Atypical ajwayelekile esiqwini, kepha ungawathola nasentanyeni, ekhanda, noma ekhanda. Zivame ukuvela ebusweni.

Ama-moles we-Benign atypical angaba nezici ezifanayo ne-melanoma (uhlobo lomdlavuza wesikhumba). Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuthi uhlolwe njalo isikhumba futhi ubheke noma yiziphi izinguquko kuma-moles akho.

Izimvukuzane ze-Atypical zinamandla okuba nomdlavuza. Kodwa kulinganiselwa ukuthi ama-moles we-atypical kuphela aphenduka umdlavuza.

Ngenxa yokubukeka kwazo, izinsumpa ezi-atypical ziye zachazwa ngokuthi "amadada amabi" ezinsumpa.

Ngokuvamile, ama-moles atypical yi:

• inesimo esingajwayelekile ngemikhawulo engalingani
• ngemibala ehlukahlukene: amamiksi we-tan, ansundu, obomvu, nophinki
• shwabana ngokuthungwa
• kukhulu kunokusula ipensela; Amamilimitha ayi-6 noma ngaphezulu
• okuvame kakhulu kubantu abanebala elikhanyayo
• okuvame kakhulu kubantu abathola ukukhanya kwelanga okuphezulu

Ubungozi

Unengozi enkulu yokuthola i-melanoma uma une:

• ezine noma ngaphezulu nezimvukuzane atypical
• isihlobo segazi esine-melanoma
• phambilini yayine-melanoma

Uma amalungu omndeni wakho enezimvukuzane eziningi ezi-atypical, ungaba nomndeni we-atypical multiple melanoma (. Ingozi yakho ye-melanoma iphindwe izikhathi eziyi-17.3 ukuphakama kunabantu abangenayo i-FAMMM syndrome.

Izimbangela zezimvukuzane ezintsha

Isizathu semvukuzane entsha esivela ebudaleni asiqondakali kahle. Ama-moles amasha angaba nobungozi noma angaba nomdlavuza. Izimbangela ze-Melanoma zifundwe kahle, kodwa kukhona okubangela ama-moles anobungozi.

Ukuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo kungenzeka kuhileleke. Ucwaningo lwango-2015 lwabika ukuthi ukuguqulwa kwezakhi zofuzo zofuzo lwe-BRAF kwakukhona kuma-moles atholakele.

Izinguquko ze-BRAF ziyaziwa ukuthi ziyabandakanyeka kwi-melanoma. Kodwa izinqubo zamangqamuzana ezibandakanyeka ekuguquleni imvukuzane enobungozi ibe imvukuzane yomdlavuza azikaziwa.

Ukusebenzisana kwe-ultraviolet light (UV), kokubili okungokwemvelo nokwenziwe, nge-DNA kuyaziwa ukuthi kubangele ukulimala kwezakhi zofuzo okungaholela ekwakhekeni kwe-melanoma namanye umdlavuza wesikhumba. Ukuvezwa yilanga kungenzeka ngesikhathi sobuntwana noma ebudaleni futhi kungagcina ngokuholela kumdlavuza wesikhumba.

Izizathu zokuba ube nemvukuzane entsha zifaka:

• ukukhula kweminyaka
• isikhumba esifanelekile nezinwele ezilula noma ezibomvu
• umlando womndeni wezinsumpa ezi-atypical
• ukuphendula kwizidakamizwa ezicindezela amasosha akho omzimba
• ukuphendula kwezinye izidakamizwa, njengamanye ama-antibiotics, ama-hormone, noma ama-anti-depressants
• izakhi zofuzo
• ukushiswa yilanga, ukushiswa yilanga, noma ukusetshenziswa kombhede wokushuka

Ama-moles amasha maningi amathuba okuthi abe nomdlavuza. Ukubuyekezwa kocwaningo lwango-2017 kutholakale ukuthi amaphesenti angama-70.9 ama-melanomas avela emvukuzaneni entsha. Uma ungumuntu omdala onemvukuzane entsha, kubalulekile ukuthi ihlolwe udokotela wakho noma udokotela wesikhumba.

Izimpawu zokuxwayisa ezihlobene nezimvukuzane

Lapho imvukuzane endala iguquka, noma lapho kuvela imvukuzane entsha isikhulile, kufanele ubone udokotela ukuze ayihlole.

Uma imvukuzane yakho iyaluma, yopha, iqhuma, noma ibuhlungu, bonana nodokotela ngokushesha.

I-Melanoma ingumdlavuza wesikhumba obulala kunazo zonke, kepha ama-moles amasha noma amabala nawo angaba yi-basal cell noma i-squamous cell cancer. Lezi zivame ukuvela ezindaweni ezivezwa yilanga, njengasebusweni bakho, ekhanda nasentanyeni. Ziyelapheka kalula.

Melanomas

Nayi i-ABCDE melanoma guide mayelana nokuthi yini okufanele uyibheke, eyenziwe yi-American Academy of Dermatology:

• Ukulinganisa isimo. Ingxenye ngayinye yemvukuzane yehlukile.
• Umngcele. Imvukuzane inemingcele engajwayelekile.
• Umbala. Imvukuzane ishintshe umbala noma inemibala eminingi noma exubile.
• Ububanzi. Imvukuzane iba nkulu - ngaphezu kuka-1/4 intshi ububanzi.
• Ukuguquka. Imvukuzane iqhubeka ishintsha ngosayizi, umbala, ukuma, noma ukushuba.

Ukuzihlola kwesikhumba

Ukuhlola isikhumba sakho njalo kungakusiza ubone izinguquko zemvukuzane. Ingaphezulu kwengxenye yomdlavuza wesikhumba yenzeka ezingxenyeni zomzimba wakho ongazibona kalula.

Akuvamile ukuthola ama-melanoma ezingxenyeni zomzimba evikelwe elangeni. Izindawo zomzimba ezivame kakhulu ze-melanoma kwabesifazane izingalo nemilenze.

Kwabesilisa, izingosi ezivame kakhulu ze-melanoma ingemuva, isiqu, ikhanda nentamo.

Abangewona amaCaucasus banobungozi obuphansi be-melanoma ngokujwayelekile. Kepha izindawo ze-melanoma zehlukile kubantu bebala. Izindawo ezijwayelekile ze-melanoma phakathi kwabangewona amaCaucasus yilezi:

• ematheni
• izintende
• phakathi kwezinzwane neminwe
• ngaphansi kwezinzipho noma izinzipho

Qaphela ukuthi ukuzihlola kungaphuthelwa izinguquko kuma-moles, ngokusho kocwaningo lwango-2000 lwabantu abasengozini enkulu ye-melanoma.

Ukubonana nodokotela nini

Izimvukuzane ezivela ebudaleni kufanele zihlolwe njalo ngudokotela. Kunconywa ukuthi abantu bahlolwe isikhumba ngudokotela wesikhumba minyaka yonke. Uma usengozini ye-melanoma, udokotela wakho angancoma ukuhlolwa kwesikhumba njalo ezinyangeni eziyisithupha.

Uma ukhathazekile ngemvukuzane yakho futhi ungenayo i-dermatologist, ungabuka odokotela endaweni yakho ngethuluzi le-Healthline FindCare.

Uma unemvukuzane eguqukayo, ikakhulukazi ehlangabezana nenqubo eyodwa noma eziningi kumhlahlandlela we-ABCDE ngenhla, bheka udokotela ngokushesha.

Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi ukutholwa kokuqala kwe-melanoma kuholela ezinzuzweni ezinkulu zokusinda. Izinga lokusinda leminyaka eli-10 le-melanoma elitholwe kusenesikhathi.