Izimila zezindlala zesalivary

Izicubu zezindlala zesalivary ngamangqamuzana angajwayelekile akhula emhlathini noma kumashubhu (amapayipi) akhipha izindlala zamathe.

Izindlala zamathe zitholakala zizungeze umlomo. Zikhiqiza amathe, athambisa ukudla okusiza ukuhlafuna nokugwinya. Amathe ayasiza nokuvikela amazinyo ekubolile.

Kunezimbhangqwana ezi-3 eziyinhloko zezindlala zamathe. Izindlala ze-parotid zinkulu kakhulu. Zitholakala esihlathini ngasinye phambi kwezindlebe. Izindlala ezimbili ezingaphansi komhlaba ziphansi komlomo ngaphansi kwezinhlangothi zombili zomhlathi. Izindlala ezimbili ezingaphansi kolimi zingaphansi kwesisekelo somlomo. Kukhona namakhulu amadlala amancane amathe agxile emlonyeni wonke. Lezi zibizwa ngokuthi izindlala ezincane zamathe.

Izindlala ze-salivary zingenalutho emlonyeni ngamaphayiphu avuleka ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene emlonyeni.

Izimila zezindlala zesalivary azivamile. Ukuvuvukala kwezindlala ezikhulukazi kubangelwa:

• Izinhlinzeko ezinkulu zokulungisa isisu nesinqe
• I-cirrhosis yesibindi
• Izifo
• Eminye imidlavuza
• Amatshe okukhipha amathe
• Ukutheleleka kwendlala yamathe
• Ukuphela kwamanzi emzimbeni
• I-Sarcoidosis
• Isifo seSjögren

Uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lwesimila sendlala yamathe luyisigaxa esikhula kancane esingenasifo somdlavuza se-parotid gland. Kancane kancane isimila sandisa ubukhulu bendlala. Ezinye zalezi zicubu zingaba nomdlavuza (kubi).

Izimpawu zingafaka noma yikuphi okulandelayo:

• Okuqinile, okuvame ukuvuvukala okungenabuhlungu kwesinye sezindlala zamathe (phambi kwezindlebe, ngaphansi kwesilevu, noma phansi komlomo). Ukuvuvukala kuyanda kancane kancane.
• Kunzima ukuhambisa uhlangothi lobuso, obaziwa ngokuthi yi-facial nerve palsy.

Ukuhlolwa ngumhlinzeki wezokunakekelwa kwempilo noma udokotela wamazinyo kukhombisa indlala yamathe enkulu kunaleyo ejwayelekile, imvamisa eyodwa yezindlala ze-parotid.

Ukuhlolwa kungafaka:

• Ama-X-ray endlala yamathe (ebizwa nge-sialogram) ukubheka isimila
• I-Ultrasound, i-CT scan noma i-MRI ukuqinisekisa ukuthi kukhona ukukhula, nokubona ukuthi umdlavuza ususabalele kuma-lymph node entanyeni
• I-salivary gland biopsy noma inaliti enhle yokufuna ukuthola ukuthi isimila sinobungozi (asinomdlavuza) noma sibi (sinomdlavuza)

Kuhlinzwa kaningi ukwenziwa ukukhipha indlala yamathe ethintekile. Uma isimila sinobungozi, akukho okunye ukwelashwa okudingekayo.

Ukwelashwa ngemisebe noma ukuhlinzwa okubanzi kungadingeka uma isimila sinomdlavuza. I-Chemotherapy ingasetshenziswa lapho isifo sesisabalele ngaphesheya kwezindlala zamathe.

Izicubu eziningi zezindlala zamathe azinomdlavuza futhi zikhula kancane. Ukususa isimila ngokuhlinzwa kuvame ukwelapha lesi simo. Ezimweni ezingavamile, isimila sinomdlavuza futhi kudingeka ukwelashwa okuqhubekayo.

Izinkinga ezivela kumdlavuza noma ekwelashweni kwawo kungafaka:

• Ukusakazeka komdlavuza kwezinye izitho (i-metastasis).
• Ezimweni ezingavamile, ukulimala ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa kuya ku-nerve elawula ukunyakaza kobuso.

Shayela umhlinzeki wakho uma unokunye kwalokhu okulandelayo:

• Ubuhlungu lapho udla noma uhlafuna
• Uqaphela isigaxa emlonyeni, ngaphansi komhlathi, noma entanyeni esingasuki emasontweni amabili kuya kwamathathu noma esikhulayo

Isigaxa - umgudu wamathe

• Izindlala zekhanda nezentamo

UJackson NM, uMitchell JL, uWalvekar RR. Ukuphazamiseka kokuvuvukala kwezindlala zamathe. Ku: Flint PW, Haughey BH, Lund V, et al, ama-eds. I-Cummings Otolaryngology: Ukuhlinzwa Kwekhanda Nentamo. Umhlaka 6. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2015: isahluko 85.

UMarkiewicz MR, uFernandes RP, u-Ord RA. Isifo se-salivary gland. Ku: Fonseca RJ, ed. Ukuhlinzwa ngomlomo nangamaMaxillofacial. 3rd ed. ISt Louis, MO: Elsevier; 2018: isahluko 20.

Iwebhusayithi yeNational Cancer Institute. Ukwelashwa kwesifo somdlavuza we-salivary gland (umuntu omdala) (PDQ) - inguqulo yezempilo. www.cancer.gov/types/head-and-neck/hp/adult/salivary-gland-treatment-pdq. Kubuyekezwe uDisemba 17, 2019. Kufinyelelwe ngoMashi 31, 2020.

USaade RE, uBell DM, uHanna EY. Ama-neoplasms we-Benign wezindlala zamathe. Ku: Flint PW, Haughey BH, Lund V, et al, ama-eds. I-Cummings Otolaryngology: Ukuhlinzwa Kwekhanda Nentamo. Umhlaka 6. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2015: isahluko 86.