Yini i-Doping kwezemidlalo, izinto eziyinhloko nokuthi kwenziwa kanjani i-doping

-Delile

• Izinto eziningi ezisetshenzisiwe
• Kwenziwa kanjani ukuhlolwa kwe-doping
• Kungani ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa kusiza abasubathi

Ukudlala ngopopayi kwezemidlalo kufana nokusetshenziswa kwezinto ezingavunyelwe ezikhuthaza ukukhula kwemisipha noma ezithuthukisa ukusebenza komsubathi nokukhuthazela ngokomzimba, ngendlela yokufakelwa neyesikhashana, ukuthola imiphumela engcono kwezemidlalo ayenzayo.

Ngenxa yokuthi izinto zikhulisa ukusebenza komdlali okwesikhashana esikhathini esifushane, kubhekwa njengomkhuba wokungathembeki, ukuze abasubathi abanesifiso sokusebenzisa izidakamizwa bakhishwe emncintiswaneni.

I-Doping ivame ukutholakala kakhulu ngesikhathi semincintiswano yezemidlalo, njengama-Olimpiki kanye neNdebe Yomhlaba. Ngalesi sizathu, kujwayelekile ukuthi abasubathi abasebenza kahle benze ukuhlolwa kwe-doping ukubheka ukutholakala kwezinto ezinqatshelwe emzimbeni.

Izinto eziningi ezisetshenzisiwe

Izinto ezisetshenziswa kakhulu ezibhekwa njenge-doping yilezo ezandisa amandla emisipha nokukhuthazela, zinciphise ubuhlungu nomuzwa wokukhathala. Ezinye zezinto ezisetshenzisiwe yilezi:

• I-Erythropoietin (EPO): kusiza ukukhulisa amaseli athwala umoya-mpilo egazini, ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza;
• UFurosemide: isisu esinamandla esisiza ukunciphisa isisindo ngokushesha, sisetshenziswa kakhulu ngabadlali abalwa nezigaba zesisindo. Kuyasiza futhi ukunciphisa nokufihla ezinye izinto ezingavunyelwe emchameni;
• Iziphuzo zamandla: ukwandisa ukunakwa nesimo, ukunciphisa umuzwa wokukhathala;
• Ama-Anabolics: ama-hormone asetshenziselwa ukukhulisa amandla nobukhulu bemisipha.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, abasubathi neqembu labo bathola uhlu lwezincomo nemithi engakwazi ukusetshenziswa ngesikhathi sokuqeqeshwa ngoba iqukethe izinto ezithathwa njengezingekho emthethweni kwezemidlalo. Ngakho-ke, kuyadingeka ukuthi unake ngisho nangesikhathi sokwelashwa kwezifo ezivamile ezinjengomkhuhlane kanye ne-cholesterol ephezulu, nezinkinga zesikhumba, ngoba noma ngaphandle kwenhloso yokusebenzisa izidakamizwa, umgijimi angaqedwa emncintiswaneni.

Kwenziwa kanjani ukuhlolwa kwe-doping

Ukuhlolwa kwe-anti-doping kuhlala kwenziwa emincintiswaneni ukubheka ukuthi ngabe kukhona yini ukukhwabanisa futhi okungenzeka ukuthi kuphazamise umphumela wokugcina, ongenziwa ngaphambi, phakathi noma ngemuva komncintiswano. Imvamisa, abaphumeleleyo badinga ukwenza ukuhlolwa kwe-doping ukufakazela ukuthi abazisebenzisanga izinto noma izindlela ezibhekwa njenge-doping. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izivivinyo nazo zingathathwa ngaphandle kwesikhathi sokuncintisana futhi ngaphandle kwesaziso sangaphambilini, lapho abasubathi bekhethwa ngenkatho.

Ukuhlolwa kungenziwa ngokuqoqa nokuhlaziya isampula yegazi noma umchamo, okuhlolwa ngenhloso yokuthola ubukhona noma ukungabikho kwezinto ezingavunyelwe. Kungakhathalekile ukuthi ungakanani umthamo waleyo nto, uma kutholakala into engavunyelwe ejikeleza emzimbeni noma kwimikhiqizo ye-metabolism yayo, kuthathwa njenge-doping bese umsubathi ehlawuliswa.

Kubuye kuthathwe njengokusebenzisa i-doping, ngokwe-Brazilian Doping Control Authority (ABCD), ukweqa noma ukwenqaba ukwenza ukuqoqwa kwesampula, ukutholakala kwento enqatshelwe noma indlela nokukhwabanisa noma ukuzama ukukhwabanisa kunoma yisiphi isigaba senqubo yokusebenzisa izidakamizwa.

Kungani ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa kusiza abasubathi

Sebenzisa amakhemikhali angekho emvelo emzimbeni kusiza ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza komsubathi, kuletha izinzuzo ezifana:

• Khulisa ukuhlushwa futhi uthuthukise amandla omzimba;
• Nciphisa ubuhlungu bokuzivocavoca futhi unciphise ukukhathala kwemisipha;
• Khulisa imisipha namandla;
• Khulula umzimba futhi uthuthukise ukugxila;
• Siza ukunciphisa umzimba ngokushesha.
• Ngakho-ke, ukuthatha lezi zinto kwenza umsubathi athole imiphumela esheshayo futhi engcono kunalokho angakuthola kuphela ngokuqeqeshwa nangokudla, yingakho kungavunyelwe kwezemidlalo.

Kodwa-ke, noma kuvinjelwe, abasubathi abaningi bavamise ukusebenzisa lezi zinto ezinyangeni ezi-3 kuya kwezi-6 ngaphambi komncintiswano osemthethweni, ngesikhathi sokuqeqeshwa kwabo ukukhulisa impumelelo yabo, bese bemisa ukusetshenziswa kwabo ukunika umzimba isikhathi sokuqeda izinto kanye nokuhlolwa. inegethivu. Kodwa-ke, lo mkhuba ungaba yingozi, ngoba ukuhlolwa kwe-anti-doping kungenziwa ngaphandle kwesaziso sangaphambilini.