I-Onchocerciasis: kuyini, izimpawu nokwelashwa

-Delile

• Umjikelezo wezinto eziphilayo
• Izimpawu nezimpawu ze-onchocerciasis
• Ungayixilonga kanjani
• Yelashwa kanjani
• Ukuvimbela i-Onchocerciasis

I-Onchocerciasis, edume kakhulu ngokuthi ubumpumputhe bomfula noma isifo se-panner yegolide, yisifo esibulala amagciwane esidalwa yilesi sifo I-Onchocerca volvulus. Lesi sifo sidluliswa ngokulunywa yimpukane lohlobo lwayo I-Simulium spp., eyaziwa nangokuthi impukane emnyama noma umiyane wenjoloba, ngenxa yokufana kwawo nomiyane, ngokuvamile otholakala eceleni komfula.

Ukuboniswa okuyinhloko komtholampilo kwalesi sifo ukuba khona kwesinambuzane emehlweni, kubangele ukulahleka kombono okuqhubekayo, yingakho i-onchocerciasis yaziwa nangokuthi ubumpumputhe bemifula. Kodwa-ke, i-onchocerciasis ingahlala ingabonakali iminyaka, okwenza ukuxilongwa kwayo kube nzima.

Umjikelezo wezinto eziphilayo

Umjikelezo webhayoloji ka I-Onchocerca volvulus kwenzeka kokubili endizeni nasendodeni. Umjikelezo kumuntu uqala lapho isinambuzane sondla igazi, sidedele izibungu ezingena egazini. Lezi zibungu zenza inqubo yokuvuthwa, zikhiqize futhi zikhiphe i-microfilariae, esakazeka egazini futhi ifinyelele ezithweni ezahlukahlukene, lapho ikhula khona, ibangela izimpawu bese iqala umjikelezo wokuphila omusha.

Izimpukane zingathathelana uma ziluma umuntu one-microfilariae egazini lakhe, ngoba ngesikhathi sokudla zigcina zimunca i-microfilariae, ethi emathunjini itheleleke bese iya kwizindlala zamathe, okungenzeka ukuthi ukutheleleka kwabanye abantu ngesikhathi segazi ukondla.

Ukukhishwa kwe-microfilariae ngezibungu ezindala kuthatha cishe unyaka owodwa, okungukuthi, izimpawu ze-onchocerciasis ziqala ukuvela ngemuva konyaka ongu-1 wokutheleleka futhi ukuqina kwezimpawu kuncike ebuningini be-microfilariae. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izibungu ezindala ziyakwazi ukusinda emzimbeni phakathi kweminyaka eyishumi kuya kwengu-12, kanti owesifazane uyakwazi ukukhipha cishe ama-microfilariae ayi-1000 ngosuku, isikhathi sempilo yakhe esicishe sibe yiminyaka emibili.

Izimpawu nezimpawu ze-onchocerciasis

Uphawu olukhulu lwe-onchocerciasis ukulahleka kombono okuqhubekayo ngenxa yobukhona be-microfilariae emehlweni, okuthi uma iyekwe ingalashwa ingaholela ekungaboni. Okunye ukubonakaliswa komtholampilo okuyisici sesifo yilesi:

• I-Onchocercoma, ehambelana nokwakheka kwamaqhubu angaphansi kwesikhumba neselula aqukethe izikelemu zabantu abadala. La maqhuqhuva angavela esifundeni se-pelvic, esifubeni nasekhanda, ngokwesibonelo, futhi awanabuhlungu ngenkathi izibungu zisaphila, lapho zifa zibanga inqubo yokuvuvukala okukhulu, kube buhlungu impela;
• I-Oncodermatitis, ebizwa nangokuthi i-oncocercous dermatitis, ebonakala ngokuwohloka kwesikhumba, i-atrophy nokwakheka kwesibaya okwenzeka ngenxa yokufa kwe-microfilariae ekhona ezicutshini ezihlangene zesikhumba;
• Ukulimala kwamehlo, okuyizilonda ezingalungiseki ezibangelwa ukuba khona kwe-microfilariae emehlweni okungaholela ekungaboni ngokuphelele.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungahle kube nezilonda ze-lymphatic, lapho i-microfilariae ingafinyelela khona kuma-lymph node eduze kwezilonda zesikhumba futhi idale umonakalo.

Ungayixilonga kanjani

Ukuxilongwa kwangaphambi kwesikhathi kwe-onchocerciasis kunzima, ngoba lesi sifo singaba yisimpawu seminyaka. Ukuxilongwa kwenziwa ngezimpawu ezethulwe ngumuntu, ngaphezu kwezivivinyo ezicelwe ngudokotela ezisiza ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa, njengokuhlolwa kwe-ophthalmological kanye nokuhlolwa kwegazi lapho i-microfilariae ifunwa khona phakathi kwama-erythrocyte. Ngaphezu kwalokho, udokotela angacela i-ultrasound, ukubheka ukwakheka kwamaqhuqhuva ngama-parasite, nokuhlolwa kwamangqamuzana, njenge-PCR ukuthola I-Onchocerca volvulus.

Ngaphezu kwalezi zivivinyo, udokotela angacela ukuhlolwa kwe-histopathological, lapho kwenziwa khona i-biopsy yesicucu esincane sesikhumba ukukhomba i-microfilariae nokukhipha ukuvela kwezinye izifo, njenge-adenopathies, lipomas kanye ne-sebaceous cysts, ngokwesibonelo.

Yelashwa kanjani

Ukwelashwa kwe-onchocerciasis kwenziwa ngokusetshenziswa kwe-anti-parasitic Ivermectin, esebenza kahle kakhulu ngokumelene ne-microfilaria, njengoba ikwazi ukubangela ukufa kwayo ngaphandle kokubangela imiphumela emibi kakhulu. Funda ukuthi ungayithatha kanjani i-Ivermectin.

Yize isebenza kahle kakhulu ekulweni ne-microfilariae, i-Ivermectin ayinamphumela kwizibungu ezindala, futhi kuyadingeka ukuthi ususe ngokuhlinzwa amaqhubu aqukethe izibungu ezindala.

Ukuvimbela i-Onchocerciasis

Indlela engcono yokuvikela ukutheleleka nge I-Onchocerca volvulus isebenzisa izinto ezixosha izimpahla nezingubo ezifanele, ikakhulukazi ezifundeni lapho lesi sinambuzane sidlange khona kakhulu nasemibhedeni yemifula, ngaphezu kwezinyathelo ezihlose ukulwa nomiyane, njengokusebenzisa izibulala-zinambuzane ezibolayo nezinambuzane, ngokwesibonelo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunconywa ukuthi abantu abahlala ezifundeni ezivamile noma ukuthi abantu abake bakulezo zifunda baphathwe nge-Ivermectin minyaka yonke noma semi-year njengendlela yokuvikela i-onchocerciasis.