Inhlupho

-Delile

• Izinhlobo zesifo
• Isifo seBubonic
• Ubhubhane lwe-Septic
• Isifo semiphunga
• Sanda kanjani isifo
• Izimpawu nezimpawu zesifo
• Izimpawu zesifo se-Bubonic
• Izimpawu zesifo se-Septic
• Izimpawu zesifo se-pneumonic
• Okufanele ukwenze uma ucabanga ukuthi ungahle ube nalesi sifo
• Sitholakala kanjani lesi sifo
• Ukwelashwa kwesifo
• Umbono weziguli ezinesifo
• Ungasinqanda kanjani isifo
• Inhlupho emhlabeni jikelele

Siyini lesi sifo?

Lesi sifo isifo esibi kakhulu sebhaktheriya esingabulala. Kwesinye isikhathi sibizwa “njengesifo esimnyama,” lesi sifo sibangelwa uhlobo lwegciwane olubizwa ngokuthi Yersinia pestis. Leli gciwane litholakala ezilwaneni emhlabeni wonke futhi livame ukudluliselwa kubantu ngezinambuzane.

Ingozi yesifo iphakeme kakhulu ezindaweni ezinokukhucululwa kwendle okungagculisi, ukuminyana, kanye nenani elikhulu lamagundane.

Ezikhathini zasendulo, lesi sifo sasibangela ukufa kwezigidi zabantu eYurophu.

Namuhla, kubikwa kuphela emhlabeni wonke ngonyaka, ngezigameko eziphakeme kakhulu e-Afrika.

Isifo esiwumshayabhuqe yisifo esiqhubeka ngokushesha esingaholela ekufeni uma singelashwa. Uma usola ukuthi unayo, shayela udokotela ngokushesha noma uye egumbini lezimo eziphuthumayo ukuze uthole usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha.

Izinhlobo zesifo

Kunezinhlobo ezintathu eziyisisekelo zesifo:

Isifo seBubonic

Uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lwesifo yisifo se-bubonic. Imvamisa inenkontileka lapho igundane elinegciwane noma izenze likuluma. Ezimweni ezingavamile kakhulu, ungathola amabhaktheriya ezintweni ezihlangane nomuntu onegciwane.

Isifo se-Bubonic sithinta uhlelo lwakho lwe-lymphatic (ingxenye yesistimu yomzimba yokuzivikela), lubangele ukuvuvukala kuma-lymph node akho. Uma ingalashwa, ingangena egazini (idale isifo septic) noma iye emaphashini (ibangele isifo somoya).

Ubhubhane lwe-Septic

Lapho amabhaktheriya angena egazini ngqo futhi ande lapho, kwaziwa ngokuthi isifo septicemic. Lapho zingalashwa, zombili isifo se-bubonic ne-pneumonia singaholela esiwombeni se-septicemic.

Isifo semiphunga

Lapho amabhaktheriya esakazeka noma eqala ukuthelela amaphaphu, kwaziwa ngokuthi isifo se-pneumonic - uhlobo oluyingozi kakhulu lwesifo. Lapho umuntu onesifo semiphunga ekhwehlela, amagciwane asuka emaphashini awo axoshelwa emoyeni. Abanye abantu abaphefumula lowo moya nabo bangahlakulela lolu hlobo lwesifo oluthathelwana kakhulu, olungadala ubhadane.

Isifo samaphaphu yisona kuphela isimo sesifo esingadluliselwa sisuka kumuntu siye komunye.

Sanda kanjani isifo

Abantu bavame ukuthola isifo ngenxa yokulunywa ngamazeze abekade ondla izilwane ezinesifo njengamagundane, amagundane, onogwaja, izingwejeje, ama-chipmunks, nezinja zasemaphandleni. Kungasakazwa nangokuxhumana ngqo nomuntu onesifo noma isilwane noma ngokudla isilwane esinegciwane.

Inhlupho nayo ingasakazeka ngokuklwebheka noma ngokulunywa komndeni onegciwane.

Akuvamile ukuthi isifo se-bubonic noma isifo septicemic sisakazeke sisuke komunye umuntu siye komunye.

Izimpawu nezimpawu zesifo

Abantu abangenwe yilesi sifo ngokuvamile baba nezimpawu ezinjengomkhuhlane ezinsukwini ezimbili kuya kweziyisithupha ngemuva kokutheleleka. Kunezinye izimpawu ezingasiza ukuhlukanisa izinhlobo ezintathu zalesi sifo.

Izimpawu zesifo se-Bubonic

Izimpawu zesifo se-bubonic ngokuvamile zivela ezinsukwini ezimbili kuya kweziyisithupha zokutheleleka. Kubandakanya:

• umkhuhlane namakhaza
• ikhanda
• ubuhlungu bemisipha
• ubuthakathaka jikelele
• isithuthwane

Ungase futhi ube nezindlala ezibuhlungu, ezivuvukile, ezibizwa ngokuthi ama-buboes. Lezi zivame ukuvela emgodini, emakhwapheni, entanyeni, noma esizeni sokulunywa yizinambuzane. I-buboes yiyona enikeza isifo se-bubonic igama layo.

Izimpawu zesifo se-Septic

Izimpawu zesifo se-Septicemic zivame ukuqala ezinsukwini ezimbili kuya kweziyisikhombisa ngemuva kokuvezwa, kepha isifo septicemic singaholela ekufeni ngaphambi kokuba kuvele nezimpawu. Izimpawu zingafaka:

• ubuhlungu besisu
• isifo sohudo
• isicanucanu nokuhlanza
• umkhuhlane namakhaza
• ubuthakathaka obukhulu
• ukopha (igazi kungenzeka lingakwazi ukujiya)
• ukushaqeka
• isikhumba siphenduka sibe mnyama (isibanda)

Izimpawu zesifo se-pneumonic

Izimpawu zesifo se-pneumonic zingavela ngokushesha njengosuku olulodwa ngemuva kokuchayeka kumagciwane. Lezi zimpawu zifaka:

• inkinga yokuphefumula
• ubuhlungu besifuba
• ukukhwehlela
• imfiva
• ikhanda
• ubuthakathaka jikelele
• isikhwehlela esinegazi (amathe namafinyila noma ubomvu emaphashini)

Okufanele ukwenze uma ucabanga ukuthi ungahle ube nalesi sifo

Inhlupho yisifo esisongela impilo. Uma uvezwe amagundane noma amazeze, noma uma uvakashele indawo lapho isifo saziwa khona ukuthi senzeka, futhi uba nezimpawu zesifo, xhumana nodokotela wakho ngokushesha:

• Zilungiselele ukutshela udokotela wakho nganoma yiziphi izindawo zokuvakasha zakamuva nezinsuku.
• Yenza uhlu lwayo yonke imithi oyithenga ngaphandle kwamakhompiyutha, izithasiselo, kanye nemithi kadokotela oyiphuzayo.
• Yenza uhlu lwabantu abaxhumane kakhulu nawe.
• Tshela udokotela wakho ngazo zonke izimpawu zakho nokuthi zaqala nini ukuvela.

Uma uvakashela udokotela, igumbi labezimo eziphuthumayo, noma kwenye indawo lapho kukhona khona abanye, gqoka imaski yokuhlinzwa ukuvimbela ukusakazeka kwalesi sifo.

Sitholakala kanjani lesi sifo

Uma udokotela wakho esola ukuthi ungaba nesifo, bazohlola ubukhona begciwane emzimbeni wakho:

• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kungabonisa ukuthi unesifo septic.
• Ukuhlola isifo se-bubonic, udokotela wakho uzosebenzisa inaliti ukuthatha isampula loketshezi kuma-lymph node akho avuvukile.
• Ukuze uhlole ubhubhane lwenyumoniya, kuzokhishwa uketshezi ezindleleni zakho zomoya ngepayipi elifakwa phansi kwekhala lakho noma umlomo bese kwehla umphimbo wakho. Lokhu kubizwa nge-bronchoscopy.

Amasampula azothunyelwa elabhorethri ayohlolwa. Imiphumela yokuqala ingahle ilunge emahoreni amabili nje kuphela, kepha ukuhlolwa okuqinisekisa kuthatha amahora angama-24 kuye kwangama-48.

Imvamisa, uma kusolwa lesi sifo, udokotela wakho uzoqala ukwelashwa ngama-antibiotic ngaphambi kokuqinisekiswa kokutholakala kwesifo. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi inhlupho iqhubeka ngokushesha, futhi ukwelashwa kusenesikhathi kungenza umehluko omkhulu ekululameni kwakho.

Ukwelashwa kwesifo

Lesi sifo siyisimo esisongela impilo esidinga ukunakekelwa okuphuthumayo. Uma ubanjwe futhi welashwa kusenesikhathi, kuyisifo eselaphekayo sisebenzisa ama-antibiotic atholakala kakhulu.

Ngaphandle kokwelapha, isifo se-bubonic singanda egazini (kubangele isifo septicemic) noma emaphashini (kubangele isifo se-pneumonic). Ukufa kungenzeka ngaphakathi kwamahora angama-24 ngemuva kokuvela kwesifo sokuqala.

Ukwelashwa kuvame ukufaka ama-antibiotic aqinile futhi asebenzayo njenge-gentamicin noma i-ciprofloxacin, uketshezi olufakwa emithanjeni, i-oxygen, futhi kwesinye isikhathi nokusekelwa kokuphefumula.

Abantu abanesifo samaphaphu kufanele bahlukaniswe nezinye iziguli.

Abasebenzi bezokwelapha nabanakekeli kufanele bathathe izinyathelo eziqinile zokugwema ukuthola noma ukusabalalisa isifo.

Ukwelashwa kuyaqhubeka amasonto ambalwa ngemuva kokuxazululwa kwemfiva.

Noma ngubani ohlangane nabantu abanesifo se-pneumonic kufanele futhi aqashwe, futhi bavame ukunikezwa ama-antibiotic njengendlela yokuvimbela.

Umbono weziguli ezinesifo

Inhlupho ingaholela ekuqobekeni uma imithambo yegazi eminwe nasezinzwaneni iphazamisa ukugeleza kwegazi futhi ibangele ukufa kwezicubu. Ezimweni ezingavamile, isifo singabangela i-meningitis, ukuvuvukala kolwelwesi oluzungeze umgogodla nobuchopho bakho.

Ukuthola ukwelashwa ngokushesha okukhulu kubalulekile ukunqanda lesi sifo ukuba singabulali.

Ungasinqanda kanjani isifo

Ukugcina inani lamagundane lilawulwa ekhaya lakho, emsebenzini, nasezindaweni zokuzijabulisa kunganciphisa kakhulu ingozi yakho yokuthola amabhaktheriya abangela isifo. Gcina ikhaya lakho lingenazo izinkuni eziyinqwaba noma izinqwaba zamatshe, ibhulashi, noma enye imfucumfucu engadonsela amagundane.

Vikela izilwane ezifuywayo kusuka kumazeze usebenzisa imikhiqizo yokulawula amafuza. Izilwane ezifuywayo ezizulazula ngaphandle zingase zihlangane namazeze noma izilwane ezinegciwane.

Uma uhlala endaweni lapho lesi sifo saziwa khona, i-CDC incoma ukungavumeli izilwane ezihamba ngaphandle ngokukhululekile ukuba zilale embhedeni wakho. Uma isilwane sakho sigula, funa ukunakekelwa kudokotela wezilwane ngokushesha.

Sebenzisa imikhiqizo exosha izinambuzane noma izinto zokuxosha izinambuzane zemvelo (njenge) lapho uchitha isikhathi ngaphandle.

Uma uke wachayeka kumazeze ngesikhathi sokuqubuka kwesifo, vakashela udokotela wakho ngokushesha ukuze ukukhathazeka kwakho kubhekwane nakho ngokushesha.

Okwamanje awukho umuthi wokugoma otholakala ngokuhweba olwa nenhlupho e-United States.

Inhlupho emhlabeni jikelele

Ubhadane lwezifo lubulale izigidi zabantu (cishe ikota eyodwa yabantu) eYurophu ngeNkathi Ephakathi. Kwaziwa ngokuthi “ukufa kwabantu abamnyama.”

Namuhla ingozi yokuba nesifo iphansi impela, njengoba kubikwe i-World Health Organisation (WHO) kuphela kusukela ngo-2010 kuya ku-2015.

Ukuqhamuka ngokuvamile kuhlotshaniswa namagundane agcwele kanye namazeze ekhaya. Izimo zokuhlala eziminyene kanye nokuthuthwa kwendle okungalungile nakho kwandisa ubungozi besifo.

Namuhla, amacala amaningi abantu alesi sifo ayenzeka e-Afrika yize evela kwezinye izindawo. Amazwe lapho lesi sifo sihlasele kakhulu eMadagascar, eDemocratic Republic of Congo nasePeru.

Lesi sifo asivamile e-United States, kepha lesi sifo sisemaphandleni aseningizimu-ntshonalanga ikakhulukazi e-Arizona, eColorado naseNew Mexico. Ubhadane lokugcina lwesifo e-United States lwenzeka ngo-1924 kuya ku-1925 eLos Angeles.

E-United States, kubikwa isilinganiso esikhombisa ngonyaka. Iningi labo belisesimweni sesifo se-bubonic. Akuzange kube khona icala lokudluliselwa komuntu nomuntu lesi sifo ezindaweni ezisemadolobheni eU.S. kusukela ngo-1924.