I-Poikilocytosis: kuyini, izinhlobo nokuthi kwenzeka nini

-Delile

• Izinhlobo zama-poikilocyte
• Lapho ama-poikilocytes angavela
• 1. Sickle cell anemia
• 2. I-Myelofibrosis
• 3. Ama-anemias we-hemolytic
• 4. Izifo zesibindi
• 5. Ukushoda kwe-iron anemia

I-Poikilocytosis igama elingavela esithombeni segazi futhi lisho ukwanda kwenani lama-poikilocyte ajikeleza egazini, okungamaseli abomvu anomumo ongajwayelekile. Amangqamuzana egazi abomvu anomumo oyindilinga, ayisicaba futhi anendawo elula ekhanyayo maphakathi nendawo ngokusatshalaliswa kwe-hemoglobin. Ngenxa yezinguquko kulwelwesi lwamangqamuzana abomvu egazi, kungahle kube nezinguquko ekubunjweni kwawo, okuholele ekusakazweni kwamangqamuzana egazi abomvu anomumo ohlukile, ongaphazamisa ukusebenza kwawo.

Ama-poikilocyte amakhulu akhonjwe ekuhlolweni kwe-microscopic yegazi ngama-drepanocyte, ama-dacryocyte, ama-ellipocyte nama-codocyte, avela kaningi kuma-anemias, yingakho kubalulekile ukuwabona ukuze i-anemia ihlukaniswe, ivumela ukuxilongwa kanye nokuqala kokwelashwa okuningi ezanele.

Izinhlobo zama-poikilocyte

Ama-poikilocytes angabonwa nge-microscopically kusuka ku-smear yegazi, okuyi:

• Ama-spherocyte, lapho ama-erythrocyte ayindilinga futhi emancane kunama-erythrocyte ajwayelekile;
• Ama-dacryocyte, okungamaseli abomvu egazi anomumo wesinyembezi noma iconsi;
• Acanthocyte, lapho ama-erythrocyte anomumo oqoshiwe, ongafana nokuma kwengqayi yebhodlela lengilazi;
• AmaCodocyte, okungamaseli abomvu amise okwehlosiwe ngenxa yokusatshalaliswa kwe-hemoglobin;
• Ama-Elliptocyte, lapho ama-erythrocyte anesimo se-oval;
• Ama-Drepanocyte, amangqamuzana abomvu amile okwegazi abonakala ikakhulukazi ku-sickle cell anemia;
• Ama-Stomatocyte, okungamaseli abomvu egazi anendawo encane enkabeni, efana nomlomo;
• Ama-Schizocyte, lapho ama-erythrocyte anomumo ongapheli.

Embikweni we-hemogram, uma i-poikilocytosis itholakala ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwe-microscopic, ubukhona be-poikilocyte ekhonjiwe kukhonjisiwe embikweni.Ukuhlonza ama-poikilocyte kubalulekile ukuze udokotela ahlole isimo somuntu futhi, ngokusho kwenguquko ebonwayo, angakhombisa ukusebenza kwezinye izivivinyo ukuqedela ukuxilongwa bese eqala ukwelashwa ngemuva kwalokho.

Lapho ama-poikilocytes angavela

Ama-poikilocyte avela njengomphumela wezinguquko ezihlobene namaseli abomvu egazi, njengokushintsha kwamakhemikhali kulwelwesi lwala maseli, ushintsho lwe-metabolic kuma-enzyme, ukungajwayelekile okuhlobene ne-hemoglobin nokuguga kweseli elibomvu. Lezi zinguquko zingenzeka ezifweni eziningana, okuholela ekutheni i-poikilocytosis, ibe yizimo eziyinhloko:

1. Sickle cell anemia

I-Sickle cell anemia yisifo esibonakala ikakhulu ngokushintsha kwesimo segazi elibomvu, elinesimo esifana nesikela, esaziwa njengeseli lesikela. Lokhu kwenzeka ngenxa yokuguquka kwelinye lamaketanga akha i-hemoglobin, eyehlisa ikhono le-hemoglobin yokubopha umoya-mpilo futhi, ngenxa yalokho, ukuthuthwa kwezitho nezicubu, futhi kwandisa ubunzima bokuthi ingqamuzana legazi elibomvu lidlule emithanjeni .

Njengomphumela walolu shintsho nokwehla kokuthuthwa komoya-mpilo, umuntu uzizwa ekhathele ngokweqile, wethula ubuhlungu obujwayelekile, ukubekezela kanye nokubambezeleka kokukhula, ngokwesibonelo. Funda ukubona izimpawu nezimpawu ze-sickle cell anemia.

Yize iseli le-sickle liyisici se-sickle cell anemia, kungenzeka futhi ukuthi, kwezinye izimo, kube khona ama-codocyte.

2. I-Myelofibrosis

I-Myelofibrosis uhlobo lwe-myeloproliferative neoplasia enesici sokuba khona kwama-dacryocyte ajikeleza egazini lomngcele. Ukuba khona kwama-dacryocyte kuvame ukukhombisa ukuthi kunezinguquko emnkantsheni wethambo, okuyilokho okwenzeka ku-myelofibrosis.

I-Myelofibrosis ibonakala ngokutholakala kwezinguquko ezithuthukisa ushintsho enqubweni yokukhiqizwa kwamaseli kumnkantsha wamathambo, ngokwanda kwenani lamaseli avuthiwe emnkantsheni wethambo okhuthaza ukwakheka kwezibazi emnkantsheni wethambo, kunciphisa ukusebenza kwawo phezu isikhathi. Qonda ukuthi yini i-myelofibrosis nokuthi kufanele iphathwe kanjani.

3. Ama-anemias we-hemolytic

Ama-hemolytic anemias abonakala ngokukhiqizwa kwama-antibody asabela ngokumelene namaseli abomvu egazi, akhuthaza ukubhujiswa kwawo futhi aholele ekubonakaleni kwezimpawu ze-anemia, njengokukhathala, i-pallor, isiyezi kanye nobuthakathaka, ngokwesibonelo. Njengomphumela wokubhujiswa kwamangqamuzana abomvu egazi, kunokwanda ekukhiqizweni kwamangqamuzana egazi ngomnkantsha nangobende, okungaholela ekukhiqizweni kwamangqamuzana egazi abomvu angajwayelekile, njengama-spherocyte nama-ellipocyte. Funda kabanzi mayelana nama-hemolytic anemias.

4. Izifo zesibindi

Izifo ezithinta isibindi nazo zingaholela ekuveleni kwama-poikilocyte, ikakhulukazi ama-stomatocyte kanye nama-acanthocyte, futhi okunye ukuhlolwa kuyadingeka ukuhlola ukusebenza kwesibindi uma kungenzeka kuhlolwe noma yiziphi izinguquko.

5. Ukushoda kwe-iron anemia

Ukushoda kwe-iron anemia, okubizwa nangokuthi i-iron defence anemia, kubonakala ngokuncipha kwenani le-hemoglobin ejikelezayo emzimbeni futhi, ngenxa yalokho, i-oxygen, ngoba i-iron ibalulekile ekwakheni i-hemoglobin. Ngakho-ke, izimpawu nezimpawu ziyavela, njengobuthakathaka, ukukhathala, ukudangala nokuzizwa uqulekile, ngokwesibonelo. Ukwehla kwenani lensimbi elijikelezayo nakho kungavumela ukuvela kwama-poikilocytes, ikakhulukazi ama-codocyte. Bona okuningi mayelana nokushoda kwe-iron anemia.