Kuyini iPolycythemia Vera, ukuxilongwa, izimpawu nokwelashwa

-Delile

• Ziyini izimpawu nezimpawu
• Ukuxilongwa kwenziwa kanjani
• Izinkinga ze-polycythemia vera
• 1. Ukwakheka kwamahlule egazi
• 2. I-Splenomegaly
• 3. Ukuvela kwezinye izifo
• Ungazivikela kanjani izinkinga
• Izimbangela ezingaba khona
• Yelashwa kanjani

I-Polycythemia Vera yisifo se-myeloproliferative samaseli we-hematopoietic, esibonakala ngokwanda okungalawuleki kwamaseli abomvu egazi, amaseli amhlophe egazi nama-platelets.

Ukwanda kwalawa maseli, ikakhulukazi kumaseli abomvu egazi, kwenza igazi lijiye, okungaholela kwezinye izinkinga ezinjenge-spleen enwetshiwe nokwanda kwamahlule egazi, ngaleyo ndlela kwandise ubungozi be-thrombosis, isifo senhliziyo noma isifo sohlangothi noma kubangele nezinye izifo ezinjenge-acute i-myeloid leukemia noma i-myelofibrosis.

Ukwelashwa kuqukethe ukwenza inqubo ebizwa nge-phlebotomy kanye nokwelashwa ngemithi esiza ukulawula inani lamaseli egazini.

Ziyini izimpawu nezimpawu

Inani eliphakeme lamaseli abomvu lidala ukwanda kwe-hemoglobin kanye ne-viscosity yegazi, okungadala izimpawu zezinzwa ezinjenge-vertigo, ikhanda, ukukhuphuka kwengcindezi yegazi, izinguquko ezibukwayo kanye nezingozi zesikhashana zesikhashana.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, abantu abanalesi sifo bavame ukuzwa ukulunywa okujwayelekile, ikakhulukazi ngemuva kokugeza okushisayo, ubuthakathaka, ukwehla kwesisindo, ukukhathala, ukungaboni kahle, ukujuluka okweqile, ukuvuvukala kwamalunga, ukuphefumula okuncane kanye nokuba ndikindiki, ukuhayiza, ukushisa noma ubuthakathaka kumalungu.

Ukuxilongwa kwenziwa kanjani

Ukuze kutholakale lesi sifo, kufanele kwenziwe ukuhlolwa kwegazi, okuthe kubantu abanePolycythemia Vera, okukhombisa ukwanda kwenani lamaseli abomvu, futhi kwezinye izimo, ukwanda kwamaseli amhlophe egazi namaplatelet, amazinga aphezulu we-hemoglobin namazinga aphansi erythropoietin.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukufisa umnkantsha wamathambo noma i-biopsy nakho kungenziwa ukuze kutholwe isampula elizohlaziywa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Izinkinga ze-polycythemia vera

Kunezimo ezithile zabantu abanePolycythemia Vera abangazibonisi izimpawu nezimpawu, noma kunjalo, amanye amacala angadala izinkinga ezinkulu kakhulu:

1. Ukwakheka kwamahlule egazi

Ukwanda kobukhulu begazi kanye nokwehla okulandelanayo ekugelezeni nasekushintsheni kwenani lama-platelet, kungadala ukwakheka kwamahlule egazi, okungaholela ekuhlaselweni yinhliziyo, isifo sohlangothi, ukubethelwa kwamaphaphu noma i-thrombosis. Funda kabanzi ngesifo senhliziyo.

2. I-Splenomegaly

Ubende busiza umzimba ukulwa nezifo futhi lusiza ukuqeda amangqamuzana egazi alimele. Ukwanda kwenani lamaseli abomvu egazi noma amanye amaseli egazi, kwenza ubende kufanele lusebenze kanzima kunokujwayelekile, okuholele ekwandeni kosayizi. Bona okuningi mayelana ne-splenomegaly.

3. Ukuvela kwezinye izifo

Yize kungavamile, iPolycythemia Vera ingadala ezinye izifo ezibucayi, njenge-myelofibrosis, i-myelodysplastic syndrome noma i-acute leukemia. Kwezinye izimo, umnkantsha ungabuye uthuthukise i-fibrosis ne-hypocellularity eqhubekayo.

Ungazivikela kanjani izinkinga

Ukuvikela izinkinga, ngaphezu kokunconywa ukuthi ulandele umuthi ngendlela efanele, kubalulekile futhi ukwamukela indlela yokuphila enempilo, ukuzivocavoca njalo, okuthuthukisa ukujikeleza kwegazi futhi kunciphise ubungozi bamahlule egazi. Ukubhema kufanele futhi kugwenywe, ngoba kwandisa ingozi yokuhlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo nokushaywa unhlangothi.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, isikhumba kufanele siphathwe kahle, ukuze sinciphise ukulunywa, sigeze ngamanzi afudumele, sisebenzisa ijeli yokugeza emnene nokhilimu we-hypoallergenic nokugwema amazinga okushisa kakhulu, okungadala ukujikeleza kwegazi. Ngalokhu, umuntu kufanele agweme ukushiswa yilanga ngezikhathi ezishisayo zosuku futhi avikele umzimba ekuvezeni isimo sezulu esibanda kakhulu.

Izimbangela ezingaba khona

I-Polycythemia Vera yenzeka lapho kuguqulwa isakhi sofuzo i-JAK2, esidala izinkinga ekukhiqizeni amangqamuzana egazi. Lesi yisifo esingajwayelekile, esivela kubantu ababalelwa kwababili kwabangu-100 000, imvamisa engaphezu kweminyaka engama-60.

Ngokuvamile, umzimba ophilayo ulawula inani lokukhiqizwa kohlobo ngalunye lwezinhlobo ezintathu zamaseli egazi: abomvu, amaseli amhlophe egazi nama-platelets, kepha ePolycythemia Vera, kukhona ukukhiqizwa okweqile kohlobo olulodwa noma ngaphezulu lwamaseli egazi.

Yelashwa kanjani

I-Polycythemia vera yisifo esingelapheki esingenalo ikhambi kanti ukwelashwa kuqukethe ukunciphisa amaseli egazi amaningi, futhi kwezinye izimo kunganciphisa ubungozi bezinkinga:

I-phlebotomy yokwelapha: Le ndlela iqukethe ukukhipha igazi emithanjeni, okuvame ukuba yindlela yokuqala yokwelashwa kubantu abanalesi sifo. Le nqubo inciphisa inani lamaseli abomvu egazi, ngenkathi inciphisa nomthamo wegazi.

I-Aspirin: Udokotela anganikeza i-aspirin kumthamo ophansi, phakathi kuka-100 no-150 mg, ukunciphisa ubungozi bamahlule egazi.

Imithi yokwehlisa amaseli egazi: Uma i-phlebotomy inganele ukuthi ukwelashwa kusebenze, kungahle kudingeke ukuthi uphuze imithi efana nale:

• I-Hydroxyurea, enganciphisa ukukhiqizwa kwamaseli egazi emnkantsheni wethambo;
• I-Alpha interferon, evuselela amasosha omzimba ukuba alwe nokukhiqizwa ngokweqile kwamaseli egazi, kubantu abangaphenduli kahle ku-hydroxyurea;
• I-Ruxolitinib, esiza amasosha omzimba ukubhubhisa amangqamuzana e-tumor futhi angathuthukisa izimpawu;
• Imithi yokwehlisa ukulunywa, njengama-antihistamine.

Uma i-itch iba namandla kakhulu, kungadingeka ukuthi ube ne-ultraviolet light therapy noma usebenzise imishanguzo efana ne-paroxetine noma i-fluoxetine.