Uvendle

-Delile

• Ziyini izimpawu zikapholiyo?
• Uvendle Non-okhubazekile
• Isifo sofuba esikhubazekile
• I-Post-polio syndrome
• Ingabe i-poliovirus imthelela kanjani umuntu?
• Odokotela bayihlola kanjani uvendle?
• Bazelapha kanjani odokotela uvendle?
• Ungayivimbela kanjani uvendle
• Izintengo zokugomela uvendle ezinganeni
• Ukugonyelwa uvendle emhlabeni jikelele
• Kusukela emlandweni wovendle kuze kube manje

Yini i-polio?

Uvendle (owaziwa nangokuthi i-poliomyelitis) yisifo esithathelwanayo kakhulu esibangelwa igciwane elihlasela isimiso sezinzwa. Izingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka emihlanu zinamathuba amaningi okuthi zithole leli gciwane kunanoma yiliphi elinye iqembu.

Ngokusho kweWorld Health Organisation (WHO), umuntu oyedwa kwabangu-200 wokungenwa uvendle kuzoholela ekutheni akhubazeke unomphela. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yohlelo lokuqedwa kovendle emhlabeni jikelele ngo-1988, lezi zifunda ezilandelayo manje seziqinisekisiwe ukuthi azinalo uvendle:

• Amazwe aseMelika
• IYurophu
• I-Western Pacific
• ENingizimu-mpumalanga Asia

Umuthi wokugomela uvendle wenziwa ngonyaka we-1953 futhi watholakala ngo-1957. Kusukela lapho amacala opholiyoni ehla e-United States.

Kodwa uvendle lusaqhubeka e-Afghanistan, ePakistan naseNigeria. Ukuqeda uvendle kuzosiza umhlaba ngokuya ngempilo nakwezomnotho. Ukuqedwa kovendle kungonga okungenani ama- $ 40-50 billion kule minyaka engama-20 ezayo.

Ziyini izimpawu zikapholiyo?

Kulinganiselwa ukuthi amaphesenti angama-95 kuya kwangu-99 abantu abathola i-poliovirus abanazimpawu. Lokhu kwaziwa ngokuthi i-polio subclinical. Ngisho ngaphandle kwezimpawu, abantu abatheleleke nge-poliovirus basengalisabalalisa leli gciwane futhi babangele ukutheleleka kwabanye.

Uvendle Non-okhubazekile

Izimpawu nezimpawu zikapholiyo ongakhubazeki zingahlala kusuku olulodwa kuya kwezingu-10. Lezi zimpawu nezimpawu zingafana nomkhuhlane futhi zingafaka:

• imfiva
• Umphimbo obuhlungu
• ikhanda
• ukuhlanza
• ukukhathala
• meningitis

I-polio engakhubazeki yaziwa nangokuthi i-polio ekhipha isisu.

Isifo sofuba esikhubazekile

Cishe iphesenti elilodwa lamacala opoliyo angakhula abe uvendle olukhubazekile. I-poliotic polio iholela ekukhubazekeni emgogodleni (i-spinal polio), i-brainstem (i-bulbar polio), noma kokubili (i-bulbospinal polio).

Izimpawu zokuqala ziyefana novendle olungakhubazeki. Kodwa ngemuva kwesonto, izimpawu ezinzima kakhulu zizovela. Lezi zimpawu zifaka:

• ukulahleka kwengqondo
• ukuphazamiseka okukhulu nobuhlungu bemisipha
• izitho ezixegayo nezisemaceleni, kwesinye isikhathi ohlangothini olulodwa lomzimba
• ukukhubazeka okungazelelwe, okwesikhashana noma unomphela
• izitho zomzimba ezikhubazekile, ikakhulukazi okhalweni, emaqakaleni nasezinyaweni

Akuvamile ukuthi ukukhubazeka okugcwele kuthuthuke. kuwo wonke amacala opholiyane azoholela ekukhubazekeni unomphela. Emaphesentini ayisihlanu kuya kwamashumi ayisihlanu wezimo zokukhubazeka kovendle, igciwane lizohlasela izicubu ezikusiza uphefumule futhi zibangele ukufa.

I-Post-polio syndrome

Kungenzeka ukuthi uvendle lubuye noma usululeme. Lokhu kungenzeka ngemuva kweminyaka eyi-15 kuye kwengu-40. Izimpawu ezijwayelekile ze-post-polio syndrome (PPS) yilezi:

• ukuqhubeka nobuthakathaka bemisipha namalunga
• ubuhlungu bemisipha obuya buba bucayi
• ukukhathala kalula noma ukukhathala
• ukuncipha kwemisipha, okubizwa nangokuthi i-muscle atrophy
• inkinga yokuphefumula nokugwinya
• i-apnea yokulala, noma izinkinga zokuphefumula ezihlobene nokulala
• ukubekezelelana okuphansi kwamazinga okushisa abandayo
• ukuqala okusha kobuthakathaka emisipheni ebingafakwanga ngaphambili
• ukudana
• Inkinga ngokugxila nokukhumbula

Khuluma nodokotela wakho uma uke waba nesifo sovendle futhi uqala ukubona lezi zimpawu. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi abantu abangamaphesenti angama-25 kuya kwangama-50 abasinda kupoliyo bazothola iPPS. I-PPS ayikwazi ukubanjwa abanye abanalesi sifo. Ukwelashwa kubandakanya amasu okuphatha ukwenza ngcono impilo yakho nokunciphisa izinhlungu noma ukukhathala.

Ingabe i-poliovirus imthelela kanjani umuntu?

Njengegciwane elithelelwana kakhulu, uvendle ludlula ngokuhlangana nendle enaleli gciwane. Izinto ezinjengamathoyizi asondele endle enegciwane nazo zingalidlulisa leli gciwane. Kwesinye isikhathi lingadlulisa ngokuthimula noma ukukhwehlela, njengoba igciwane lihlala emphinjeni nasemathunjini. Lokhu akuvamile kakhulu.

Abantu abahlala ezindaweni ezingafinyeleleki kahle emanzini ahambayo noma izindlu zangasese ezishaywayo bavame ukuthola isifo sovendle emanzini okuphuza angcoliswe ukungcola komuntu onegciwane. Ngokusho komtholampilo iMayo Clinic, leli gciwane liyathelelana kangangokuthi noma ngubani ohlala nomuntu onegciwane angalithola nalo.

Abesifazane abakhulelwe, abantu abanamasosha omzimba abuthakathaka - njengalabo abane-HIV - nezingane ezisencane yizona ezingabanjwa yi-poliovirus.

Uma ungagonywanga, ungandisa ingozi yakho yokuthola isifo sofuba lapho:

• hamba uye endaweni eye yaqubuka kamuva uvendle
• Nakekela noma uhlale nomuntu one-polio
• phatha isampula laselabhorethri legciwane
• khipha amalaka akho
• ube nengcindezi eyeqile noma umsebenzi okhandlayo ngemuva kokuchayeka kuleligciwane

Odokotela bayihlola kanjani uvendle?

Udokotela wakho uzoxilonga uvendle ngokubheka izimpawu zakho. Bazokwenza ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba futhi babheke izingqondo ezingakhubazekile, ukuqina emuva nangentamo, noma ubunzima bokuphakamisa ikhanda ngenkathi ulele phansi.

Amalebhu azophinde ahlole isampula lomphimbo wakho, indle, noma uketshezi lwe-cerebrospinal lwe-poliovirus.

Bazelapha kanjani odokotela uvendle?

Odokotela bangaphatha kuphela izimpawu ngenkathi ukutheleleka kuqhubeka. Kodwa njengoba lungekho ikhambi, indlela engcono kakhulu yokwelapha uvendle ukuyivimbela ngokugoma.

Izindlela zokwelashwa ezivame ukwedlula zonke zifaka:

• ukuphumula kombhede
• amaphilisi ezinhlungu
• izidakamizwa ze-antispasmodic zokuphumuza imisipha
• ama-antibiotic wokutheleleka ngomgudu womchamo
• ama-ventilator aphathekayo ukusiza ngokuphefumula
• ukwelashwa ngokomzimba noma izinduku zokulungisa ukusiza ngokuhamba
• ukushisa amaphakethe noma amathawula afudumele ukunciphisa izinhlungu zemisipha kanye nama-spasms
• ukwelashwa ngokomzimba ukwelapha ubuhlungu emisipheni ethintekile
• ukwelashwa ngokomzimba ukubhekana nezinkinga zokuphefumula nezamaphaphu
• ukuvuselelwa kwamaphaphu ukwandisa ukukhuthazela kwamaphaphu

Ezimweni eziphambili zobuthakathaka bomlenze, ungadinga isihlalo sabakhubazekile noma enye idivayisi yokuhamba.

Ungayivimbela kanjani uvendle

Indlela engcono yokuvimbela uvendle ukuthola ukugoma. Izingane kufanele zithole isibhamu sovendle ngokuya ngohlelo lokugoma olwethulwe yi-CDC.

Uhlelo lokugoma i-CDC

Izintengo zokugomela uvendle ezinganeni

Ezimweni ezingavamile lezi zibhamu zingadala ukungezwani komzimba okunomsoco noma okunzima, njenge:

• izinkinga zokuphefumula
• umkhuhlane omkhulu
• isiyezi
• isifuba
• ukuvuvukala komphimbo
• ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo

Abantu abadala e-United States abekho engozini enkulu yokuthola isifo sofuba. Ingozi enkulu kunazo zonke lapho uhambela indawo lapho upholoni usavamile khona. Qiniseka ukuthi uthola uchungechunge lwamashothi ngaphambi kokuhamba.

Ukugonyelwa uvendle emhlabeni jikelele

Sekukonke, amacala uvendle ehle ngamaphesenti angama-99. Angu-74 kuphela amacala abikiwe ngo-2015.

Uvendle usaqhubeka e-Afghanistan, ePakistan naseNigeria.

Kusukela emlandweni wovendle kuze kube manje

Uvendle yigciwane elithelelwana kakhulu elingaholela ekukhubazekeni komgogodla nakubuchopho. Imvamisa ithinta izingane ezineminyaka engaphansi kwemihlanu ubudala. Amacala opolio afinyelela phezulu e-United States ngo-1952 ngamacala abikiwe angama-57,623. Kusukela nge-Polio Vaccination Assistance Act, i-United States ibingenalo uvendle kusukela ngo-1979.

Yize amanye amazwe amaningi nawo eqinisekisiwe ukuthi akanawo uvendle, leli gciwane lisasebenza emazweni angakaqali imikhankaso yokugoma. Ngokusho, ngisho nelilodwa icala eliqinisekisiwe likapholiyo lifaka izingane kuwo wonke amazwe engcupheni.

I-Afghanistan kulindeleke ukuthi iqale umkhankaso wayo wokugoma ekuqaleni kuka-Okthoba noNovemba wonyaka wezi-2016. Kuhlelwe futhi kwaqhutshwa izinsuku zokugoma iNational and Subnational izinsuku Zokugoma. Ungahlala usesikhathini ngokuphuka kwamacala kuwebhusayithi ye-The Global Polio Eradication Initiative's.