Izinsimbi ezisindayo: ziyini kanye nezimpawu zokudakwa

-Delile

• Izimpawu zokudakwa okuyisithupha okuyinhloko
• 1. Ubuthi bomthofu
• 2. Ubuthi be-Arsenic
• 3. Ubuthi beMercury
• 4. Ubuthi be-Barium
• 5. Ubuthi beCadmium
• 6. Ubuthi beChromium

Izinsimbi ezisindayo ziyizakhi zamakhemikhali okuthi, ngendlela yazo emsulwa, ziqine futhi zingaba nobuthi emzimbeni uma zidliwe, futhi zingadala ukulimala ezithweni ezahlukahlukene emzimbeni, njengamaphaphu, izinso, isisu ngisho nobuchopho.

Ngenkathi ezinye izinsimbi ezisindayo, njengethusi, zibalulekile emzimbeni ngamanani athile, ezinye ezinjenge-mercury noma i-arsenic zingaba nobuthi obukhulu futhi kufanele zigwenywe. Lezi zinsimbi zivame ukubakhona emanzini angcolile futhi, ngakho-ke, zingagcina zingcolisa umoya nokudla, zidale izinkinga zempilo eminyakeni edlule.

Izinsimbi ezisindayo azibangeli zimpawu lapho zihlangana okokuqala nomzimba, kepha, zinamandla okuqongelela ngaphakathi kwamaseli omzimba, okudala izinkinga ezinjengokushintshwa kwezinso, ukulimala kobuchopho futhi kukhona nokusola ukuthi nazo zinganda ingozi yomdlavuza.

Bona ukuthi ungakugwema kanjani ukuxhumana nezinsimbi ezisindayo.

Izimpawu zokudakwa okuyisithupha okuyinhloko

Izinsimbi eziyisithupha ezisindayo eziyingozi empilweni yi-mercury, arsenic, lead, barium, cadmium ne-chromium. Ngokuya ngohlobo lwensimbi oluhlangana emzimbeni, izimpawu zingahluka:

1. Ubuthi bomthofu

Ubuthi bomthofu ngokuvamile kunzima ukuwubona, futhi ngisho nabantu ababonakala benempilo enhle bangaba namazinga aphezulu okuhola emzimbeni. Kodwa-ke, njengoba umthofu unqwabelana emzimbeni, kubonakala sengathi ukuhola kubangela:

• Ubuhlungu emajoyini nasemisipha;
• Ukwanda komfutho wegazi;
• Ubuhlungu besisu obuhlala njalo;
• Ubunzima bokukhumbula nokugxila;
• I-anemia ngaphandle kwesizathu esibonakalayo.

Ezimweni ezinzima kakhulu, izinkinga zezinso, ubuchopho ngisho nokukhipha isisu zingakhula kwabesifazane abakhulelwe noma ukungabi namuntu emadodeni.

Lapho itholakala khona: Umthofu ungatholakala kuyo yonke imvelo, kufaka phakathi umoya, amanzi nenhlabathi, njengoba kuyinsimbi esetshenziswa kakhulu yimboni ukwenza izinto ezifana namabhethri, amapayipi amanzi, upende noma uphethiloli, isibonelo.

Ungakugwema kanjani ukungcoliswa: umuntu kufanele agweme ukuba nezinto ezinalolu hlobo lwensimbi ekhaya, ikakhulukazi emapayipi amapayipi noma odongeni.

2. Ubuthi be-Arsenic

I-Arsenic uhlobo lwensimbi esindayo engadala ukuvela kwe:

• Isicanucanu, ukuhlanza nohudo olunzima;
• Ukuphathwa yikhanda nesiyezi;
• Ukuguqulwa kwesigqi senhliziyo;
• Ukuluma njalo ezandleni nasezinyaweni.

Lezi zimpawu zingavela kuze kube yimizuzu engama-30. Kodwa-ke, lapho inani liphansi kakhulu, le nsimbi ihlangana kancane emzimbeni futhi, kulezi zimo, kukhona nengozi enkulu kakhulu yomdlavuza esikhumbeni, emaphashini, esibindini noma esinyeni.

Lapho itholakala khona: ingatholwa ngopende, odayi, imithi, insipho, kanye nomanyolo kanye nezibulala-zinambuzane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-arsenic ingatholakala nasemanzini emithombo yangasese engahlolwa njalo futhi ingafakwa amagciwane yiCompanhia de Água e Esgotos - i-CDAE.

Ungakugwema kanjani ukungcoliswa: Kunconywa ukuthi ungasebenzisi izinto eziqukethe lolu hlobo lwensimbi ekubunjweni kwayo futhi ugweme ukudla ukudla okunamadayi noma amanzi angalashwa.

3. Ubuthi beMercury

Ukungcola komzimba nge-mercury kuvame ukudala izimpawu ezifana nalezi:

• Isicanucanu nokuhlanza;
• Uhudo olungapheli;
• Ukuzizwa njalo kokukhathazeka;
• Ukuthuthumela;
• Ukwanda komfutho wegazi.

Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukufaka ubuthi kulolu hlobo lwensimbi nakho kungadala izinkinga zezinso nobuchopho, kanye nezinguquko ekubukeni, ekuzweni nasezinkingeni zememori.

Lapho itholakala khona: amanzi angcolile, ukuxhumana okuqondile ne-mercury, ukuxhumana nengaphakathi lamalambu noma amabhethri nokunye ukwelashwa kwamazinyo.

Ungakugwema kanjani ukungcoliswa: ungadli amanzi noma ukudla okubonakala kungcolisiwe, futhi ushintshanise zonke izinto ezine-mercury ekubunjweni kwazo, ikakhulukazi ama-thermometer namalambu amadala.

Qonda kangcono ukuthi kwenzekani emzimbeni lapho ungcoliswe i-mercury.

4. Ubuthi be-Barium

I-Barium uhlobo lwensimbi esindayo engabangeli umdlavuza ukukhula, kepha, ingadala izimpawu ezinjenge:

• Ukuhlanza;
• Amajaqamba esiswini nohudo;
• Kunzima ukuphefumula;
• Ubuthakathaka bemisipha.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, abanye abantu bangathola ukwanda okuqhubekayo kwengcindezi yegazi.

Lapho itholakala khona: ezinye izinhlobo zamalambu we-fluorescent, iziqhumane, upende, izitini, izingcezu zobumba, ingilazi, injoloba kanye nokuhlolwa okuthile kokuxilongwa.

Ungakugwema kanjani ukungcoliswa: gwema ukuya ezindaweni zokwakha ngaphandle kwesifihla-buso sokuvikela ukugwema ukuhogela noma ukungenisa uthuli olungcoliswe yi-barium.

5. Ubuthi beCadmium

Ukungeniswa kwe-cadmium kungadala:

• Isisu esibuhlungu;
• Isicanucanu nokuhlanza;
• Uhudo.

Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukumunca noma ukuhogela le nsimbi nakho kungadala isifo sezinso, izinkinga zamaphaphu kanye nokwenza buthaka amathambo.

Lapho itholakala khona: kuzo zonke izinhlobo zenhlabathi noma amatshe, kanye namalahle, umanyolo wezimbiwa, amabhethri namapulasitiki amanye amathoyizi.

Ungakugwema kanjani ukungcoliswa: ungasebenzisi izinto eziqukethe lolu hlobo lwensimbi ekubunjweni kwayo futhi ugweme ukubhema, njengoba ugwayi unamalahle asiza ukuxhumana phakathi kwe-cadmium namaphaphu.

6. Ubuthi beChromium

Ifomu eliyinhloko lokudakwa kwe-chromium kungenxa yokuphefumula. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, izimpawu ezifana nalezi:

• Ukucasuka kwekhala;
• Kunzima ukuphefumula;
• I-asthma nokukhwehlela okungapheli.

Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kungavela izilonda ezingapheli esibindini, ezinso, ohlelweni lokujikeleza kwegazi nasesikhunjeni.

Lapho itholakala khona: i-chromium isetshenziselwa ukwenza izinto ngensimbi engagqwali, usimende, iphepha nenjoloba, ngakho-ke, ingaphefumulelwa kalula ezindaweni zokwakha noma ngesikhathi sokushisa kwephepha noma injoloba, isibonelo.

Ungakugwema kanjani ukungcoliswa: umuntu kufanele avakashele izindawo zokwakha enemaski kuphela futhi agweme ukushisa iphepha noma injoloba.