I-Pulmonary Fibrosis

-Delile

• Ziyini izimpawu ze-pulmonary fibrosis?
• Yini ebangela i-pulmonary fibrosis?
• Izifo ezizimele
• Izifo
• Ukuvezwa kwemvelo
• Imithi
• Idiopathic
• Izakhi zofuzo
• Ngubani osengozini ye-pulmonary fibrosis?
• Itholakala kanjani i-pulmonary fibrosis?
• Iphathwa kanjani i-pulmonary fibrosis?
• Uyini umbono wabantu abane-pulmonary fibrosis?
• Amathiphu okuvimbela

I-pulmonary fibrosis yisimo esidala ukubola kwamaphaphu nokuqina. Lokhu kwenza kube nzima ukuphefumula. Kungavimbela umzimba wakho ekutholeni i-oxygen eyanele futhi ekugcineni kungaholela ekwehlulekeni kokuphefumula, ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo, noma ezinye izinkinga.

Abaphenyi njengamanje bakholelwa ukuthi inhlanganisela yokuchayeka kokucasulwa ngamaphaphu njengamakhemikhali athile, ukubhema, kanye nokutheleleka, kanye nofuzo kanye nomsebenzi wamasosha omzimba, kudlala indima ebalulekile ku-pulmonary fibrosis.

Kwake kwacatshangwa ukuthi lesi simo sidalwe ukuvuvukala. Manje ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi kunenqubo engafanele yokuphulukisa emaphashini eholela ekulimaleni. Ukwakhiwa kwesibazi esibalulekile samaphaphu ekugcineni kuba yi-pulmonary fibrosis.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-pulmonary fibrosis?

Ungaba ne-pulmonary fibrosis isikhathi esithile ngaphandle kwezimpawu. Ukuphefumula ngokuvamile kuyisifo sokuqala esivelayo.

Ezinye izimpawu zingabandakanya:

• ukukhwehlela okomile, okungenasiphelo (isikhathi eside)
• ubuthakathaka
• ukukhathala
• ukugoqana kwezinzipho, okubizwa nge-clubbing
• ukuncipha komzimba
• Ukungaphatheki kahle kwesifuba

Njengoba lesi simo sithinta abantu abadala asebekhulile, izimpawu zakuqala zivame ukunikezwa kabi ngeminyaka yobudala noma ukungavocavoci umzimba.

Izimpawu zakho zingabonakala zincane ekuqaleni futhi zithuthuke ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Izimpawu zingahluka kuye ngomuntu. Abanye abantu abane-pulmonary fibrosis bagula ngokushesha okukhulu.

Yini ebangela i-pulmonary fibrosis?

Izimbangela ze-pulmonary fibrosis zingahlukaniswa ngezigaba eziningana:

• izifo ezizimele
• izifo
• ukuvezwa kwemvelo
• imithi
• idiopathic (engaziwa)
• izakhi zofuzo

Izifo ezizimele

Izifo ezizimele zenza ukuthi amasosha omzimba wakho azihlasele. Izimo ezizenzakalelayo ezingaholela ku-pulmonary fibrosis zifaka:

• isifo samathambo
• lupus erythematosus, eyaziwa kakhulu njenge-lupus
• scleroderma
• i-polymyositis
• isikhumba
• i-vasculitis

Izifo

Izinhlobo ezilandelayo zezifo zingadala i-pulmonary fibrosis:

• izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane
• izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane, ezibangelwa i-hepatitis C, i-adenovirus, i-herpes virus, namanye amagciwane

Ukuvezwa kwemvelo

Ukuchayeka ezintweni ezisemvelweni noma emsebenzini nakho kunganikela ku-pulmonary fibrosis. Isibonelo, intuthu kagwayi inamakhemikhali amaningi angalimaza amaphaphu akho futhi aholele kulesi simo.

Ezinye izinto ezingalimaza amaphaphu akho zibandakanya:

• imicu ye-asbestos
• uthuli lwamabele
• uthuli lwesilica
• amagesi athile
• imisebe

Imithi

Eminye imithi ingaphakamisa ingozi yokuthuthukisa i-pulmonary fibrosis. Uma uthatha eyodwa yale mithi njalo, ungadinga ukuqashwa okusondele ngudokotela wakho.

• izidakamizwa zamakhemikhali, njenge-cyclophosphamide
• ama-antibiotic, njenge-nitrofurantoin (Macrobid) ne-sulfasalazine (i-Azulfidine)
• izidakamizwa zenhliziyo, njenge-amiodarone (Nexterone)
• imithi ye-biologic efana ne-adalimumab (Humira) noma i-etanercept (Enbrel)

Idiopathic

Ezimweni eziningi, imbangela ngqo ye-pulmonary fibrosis ayaziwa. Uma kunjalo, lesi simo sibizwa ngokuthi yi-idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF).

Ngokusho kwe-American Lung Association, abantu abaningi abane-pulmonary fibrosis bane-IPF.

Izakhi zofuzo

Ngokusho kwePulmonary Fibrosis Foundation, cishe amaphesenti ama-3 kuye kwangama-20 abantu abane-IPF banelinye ilungu lomndeni eline-pulmonary fibrosis. Kulezi zimo, yaziwa ngokuthi i-familial pulmonary fibrosis noma i-familial interstitial pneumonia.

Abaphenyi baxhumanise ezinye izakhi zofuzo nalesi simo, futhi ucwaningo lokuthi iyiphi indima edlalwa ufuzo luyaqhubeka.

Ngubani osengozini ye-pulmonary fibrosis?

Kungenzeka ukuthi utholwe une-pulmonary fibrosis uma:

• ngabesilisa
• aphakathi kweminyaka engama-40 nengama-70
• unomlando wokubhema
• ube nomlando womndeni waleso simo
• unesifo sokuzilimaza esihambisana nesimo
• bathathe imishanguzo ethile ehambisana nalesi sifo
• bathole ukwelashwa komdlavuza, ikakhulukazi imisebe yesifuba
• sebenza emsebenzini ohlotshaniswa nobungozi obandayo, njengezimayini, ukulima, noma ukwakhiwa

Itholakala kanjani i-pulmonary fibrosis?

I-pulmonary fibrosis ingenye yezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-200 zezifo zamaphaphu ezikhona. Ngoba kunezinhlobo eziningi zezifo zamaphaphu, udokotela wakho angaba nobunzima bokuthola ukuthi i-pulmonary fibrosis iyimbangela yezimpawu zakho.

Ocwaningweni olwenziwe yiPulmonary Fibrosis Foundation, amaphesenti angama-55 abaphendulile abike ukuthi atholakele ngendlela engafanele kwesinye isikhathi. Ukuxilongwa okungajwayelekile kakhulu kwakuyi-asthma, i-pneumonia, ne-bronchitis.

Kusetshenziswa imihlahlandlela yamanje, kulinganiselwa ukuthi iziguli ezi-2 kwezingu-3 ezine-pulmonary fibrosis manje sezingatholakala ngokufanele ngaphandle kwe-biopsy.

Ngokuhlanganisa imininingwane yakho yomtholampilo kanye nemiphumela yohlobo oluthile lwe-CT scan esifubeni, udokotela wakho uzokwazi ukukuxilonga ngokunembile.

Ezimweni lapho ukuxilongwa kungacaci, isampula lesicubu, noma i-biopsy, kungadingeka.

Kunezindlela eziningi zokwenza i-biopsy yokuhlinzwa yamaphaphu, ngakho-ke udokotela wakho uzokuncoma ukuthi iyiphi inqubo ekufanele kakhulu.

Udokotela wakho futhi angasebenzisa amanye amathuluzi ahlukahlukene ukuthola i-pulmonary fibrosis noma ukukhipha ezinye izimo. Lokhu kungafaka:

• i-pulse oximetry, isivivinyo esingahlaseli samazinga e-oxygen egazini lakho
• ukuhlolwa kwegazi ukubheka izifo ezizimele, izifo, kanye ne-anemia
• ukuhlolwa kwegesi emithanjeni yegazi ukuhlola ngokunembile amazinga e-oxygen egazini lakho
• isampula lesikhwehlela ukuhlola izimpawu zokutheleleka
• ukuhlolwa komsebenzi wamaphaphu ukukala umthamo wamaphaphu akho
• i-echocardiogram noma ukuhlolwa kwengcindezi yenhliziyo ukubona ukuthi inkinga yenhliziyo idala izimpawu zakho

Iphathwa kanjani i-pulmonary fibrosis?

Udokotela wakho akakwazi ukuguqula isibazi samaphaphu, kodwa angakunika izindlela zokwelapha ukusiza ukuthuthukisa ukuphefumula kwakho nokubambezela ukuqhubeka kwesifo.

Izindlela zokwelashwa ezingezansi ziyizibonelo zezinketho zamanje ezisetshenziselwa ukuphatha i-pulmonary fibrosis:

• i-oxygen eyengeziwe
• prednisone ukucindezela amasosha akho omzimba nokunciphisa ukuvuvukala
• i-azathioprine (Imuran) noma i-mycophenolate (CellCept) ukucindezela amasosha akho omzimba
• i-pirfenidone (i-Esbriet) noma i-nintedanib (i-Ofev), imishanguzo yokulwa ne-antibibrotic evimba inqubo yokubola emaphashini

Udokotela wakho futhi angancoma ukuvuselelwa kwamaphaphu. Le ndlela yokwelashwa ifaka uhlelo lokuzivocavoca umzimba, imfundo nokusekela ukukusiza ufunde ukuphefumula kalula.

Udokotela wakho angakukhuthaza futhi ukuthi wenze izinguquko endleleni yakho yokuphila. Lezi zinguquko zingafaka okulandelayo:

• Kufanele ugweme intuthu kagwayi futhi uthathe izinyathelo zokuyeka uma ubhema. Lokhu kungasiza ukubambezela ukuqhubeka kwesifo futhi kunciphise ukuphefumula kwakho.
• Yidla ukudla okunomsoco.
• Landela uhlelo lokuzivocavoca olwenziwe ngokuholwa udokotela wakho.
• Phumula ngokwanele futhi ugweme ukucindezeleka okweqile.

Ukufakelwa kwamaphaphu kunganconywa kulabo abangaphansi kweminyaka engama-65 abanesifo esibi.

Uyini umbono wabantu abane-pulmonary fibrosis?

Izinga lapho i-pulmonary fibrosis izibazi zamaphaphu abantu liyahlukahluka. Isibazi asibuyiseki, kepha udokotela wakho angancoma ukwelashwa ukunciphisa izinga lapho isimo sakho siqhubeka khona.

Isimo singadala izinkinga eziningi, kufaka phakathi ukwehluleka ukuphefumula. Lokhu kwenzeka lapho amaphaphu akho engasasebenzi kahle futhi engakwazi ukuthola umoya-mpilo owanele egazini lakho.

I-pulmonary fibrosis nayo inyusa ingozi yokuba nomdlavuza wamaphaphu.

Amathiphu okuvimbela

Ezinye izimo ze-pulmonary fibrosis kungenzeka zingavinjelwa. Amanye amacala axhumene nezici zobungozi kwezemvelo nezokuziphatha ezingalawulwa. Landela lawa macebiso ukwehlisa ubungozi bokuthola lesi sifo:

• Gwema ukubhema.
• Gwema intuthu kagwayi.
• Gqoka isifihla-buso sobuso noma enye into yokuphefumula uma usebenza endaweni enamakhemikhali ayingozi.

Uma unenkinga yokuphefumula, yenza i-aphoyintimenti nodokotela wakho. Ukuxilongwa nokwelashwa kusenesikhathi kungathuthukisa umbono wesikhathi eside kubantu abanezifo eziningi zamaphaphu, kufaka phakathi i-pulmonary fibrosis.