Ubuthi Besiqandisi

-Delile

• Ziyini Izimpawu Zobuthi Besiqandisi?
• Uphathwa Kanjani Ubuthi Besiqandisini?
• Ukusetshenziswa Kokuzijabulisa: Ukuthola Okuphezulu kuFriji
• Ziyini Izimpawu Zokuhlukunyezwa?
• Yiziphi izinkinga zezempilo zokuhlukumeza?
• Ukuthola Usizo
• Uyini Umbono Wobuthi Besiqandisi?
• Ukuvimbela Ubuthi Besiqandisi Obuyingozi
• Ukuvimbela Ukuhlukunyezwa
• Ukuphepha Emsebenzini

Luyini Ubuthi Besiqandisini?

Ubuthi beziqandisi benzeka lapho othile echayeka kumakhemikhali asetshenziselwa ukupholisa izinto zikagesi. Isiqandisi siqukethe amakhemikhali abizwa ngama-hydrocarbon ama-fluorinated (avame ukubizwa ngegama lomkhiqizo, "Freon"). IFreon iyigesi enganambitheki, ikakhulukazi engenaphunga. Uma idonswe ngokujulile, inganqamula umoya-mpilo obalulekile kumaseli nasemaphashini akho.

Ukuvezwa okulinganiselwe - ngokwesibonelo, ukuchitheka kwesikhumba sakho noma ukuphefumula eduze kwesitsha esivulekile - kuyingozi kancane. Kodwa-ke, kufanele uzame ukugwema konke ukuxhumana nalezi zinhlobo zamakhemikhali. Ngisho amanani amancane angadala izimpawu.

Ukuhogela le ntuthu ngamabomu ukuze “ukhuphuke” kungaba yingozi kakhulu. Kungabulala ngisho noma ungakwenza okokuqala ngqa. Ukuhogela ukuvama okuphezulu kweFreon njalo kungadala izingqinamba ezinjenge:

• izinkinga zokuphefumula
• ukwanda ketshezi emaphashini
• ukulimala komzimba
• ukufa okungazelelwe

Uma usola ukuthi kunoshevu, shayela ku-911 noma ku-National Poison Control Hotline ku-1-800-222-1222.

Ziyini Izimpawu Zobuthi Besiqandisi?

Ukuchayeka kancane emafrijini ngokuvamile akunabungozi. Ubuthi buyivelakancane ngaphandle kwezimo zokuhlukunyezwa noma ukuvezwa endaweni evaliwe. Izimpawu zobuthi obuncane kuya kokulingene zifaka:

• ukucasuka kwamehlo, izindlebe, nomphimbo
• ikhanda
• isicanucanu
• ukuhlanza
• isithwathwa (i-liquid Freon)
• ukukhwehlela
• ukushiswa kwamakhemikhali esikhunjeni
• isiyezi

Izimpawu zobuthi obukhulu zifaka:

• ukwanda ketshezi noma ukopha emaphashini
• umuzwa ovuthayo ku-esophagus
• ahlanze igazi
• kwehle isimo sengqondo
• ukuphefumula kanzima
• ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile
• ukulahlekelwa ukwazi
• isithuthwane

Uphathwa Kanjani Ubuthi Besiqandisini?

Uma ukunye nomuntu ocabanga ukuthi unobuthi, shesha ngokushesha isisulu emoyeni omusha ukuze uvikele ezinye izinkinga ekuvezweni isikhathi eside. Uma umuntu esehanjisiwe, shayela ku-911 noma ku-National Poison Control Hotline ku-1-800-222-1222.

Ubuthi bulashwa egumbini labezimo eziphuthumayo esibhedlela. Odokotela bazobheka ukuphefumula komuntu othintekayo, ukushaya kwenhliziyo, umfutho wegazi, nokushaya kwenhliziyo. Udokotela angasebenzisa izinhlobo eziningi zezindlela zokwelapha ukulimala kwangaphakathi nangaphandle. Lokhu kufaka phakathi:

• unikeza i-oksijini ngepayipi lokuphefumula
• izidakamizwa nemithi yokwelapha izimpawu
• ukuhlanza esiswini - ukufaka ishubhu esiswini ukusisula bese ukhipha konke okukuso
• ukukhishwa kokuhlinzwa kwesikhumba esishisiwe noma esonakele

Azikho izivivinyo zezokwelapha ezitholakalayo zokuthola ukutholakala kwe-Freon. Azikho futhi nemithi evunyelwe yi-U.S. Food and Drug Administration yokwelapha ubuthi. Endabeni yokuhlukunyezwa okungadingekile, kungadingeka ukuthi ulaliswe esibhedlela esikhungweni sokwelashwa kwezidakamizwa.

Ukusetshenziswa Kokuzijabulisa: Ukuthola Okuphezulu kuFriji

Ukuhlukunyezwa kwesiqandisi kuvame ukubizwa ngokuthi “ukuxhuma.” Ikhemikhali livamise ukuhogela kusuka entweni yokusebenza, esitsheni, esinqeni, noma esikhwameni esinezintambo ezivaleke ngci. Imikhiqizo leyo ayibizi, kulula ukuyithola, futhi kulula ukuyifihla.

Amakhemikhali akhiqiza umuzwa ojabulisayo ngokucindezela uhlelo oluphakathi lwezinzwa. Ngokusho kweNational Institute on Drug Abuse, kuyafana nomuzwa odalwa ukuphuza utshwala noma ukuphuza imishanguzo, kanye nekhanda elikhanyayo kanye nemibono. Okuphezulu kuhlala kuphela imizuzu embalwa, ngakho-ke abantu abasebenzisa lezi zidonsa umoya bahogela kaningi ukwenza umuzwa uhlale isikhathi eside.

Ziyini Izimpawu Zokuhlukunyezwa?

Abahlukumezi abangapheli be-inhalants bangaba nokuqubuka okuncane ezungeze amakhala nomlomo. Ezinye izimpawu zifaka:

• amehlo anamanzi
• inkulumo engahambi kahle
• ukubonakala kokudakwa
• ukujabula
• ukuncipha okungazelelwe kwesisindo
• iphunga lamakhemikhali engutsheni noma emphefumulweni
• penda amabala ezingutsheni, ebusweni, noma ezandleni
• ukuntuleka kokuxhumana
• amathini okufafaza angenalutho noma amanikiniki afakwe kumakhemikhali

Yiziphi izinkinga zezempilo zokuhlukumeza?

Kanye "nokushesha" okusheshayo, kanye nomuzwa wenjabulo, amakhemikhali atholakala kulezi zinhlobo ze-inhalants aletha imiphumela eminingi emibi emzimbeni. Lokhu kungafaka:

• ubumhlophe
• ukusangana
• ukukhohlisa
• ukuyaluza
• isicanucanu nokuhlanza
• ukukhathala
• ubuthakathaka bemisipha
• ingqondo ecindezelekile
• ukulahlekelwa umuzwa
• ukuquleka

Ngisho nabasebenzisi bokuqala bangathola imiphumela emibi. Isimo esaziwa ngokuthi "ukufa okuhogela ngokuzumayo" singenzeka kubantu abaphilile okokuqala ngqa bahogela isiqandisi. Amakhemikhali agxile kakhulu angaholela ezigqi zenhliziyo ezingajwayelekile nezisheshayo. Lokhu kungaholela ekuhlulekeni kwenhliziyo kungakapheli imizuzu. Ukufa kungenzeka futhi ngenxa yokuphelelwa umoya, ukuminyana, ukuxhuzula, noma ukuklinya. Ungase futhi ungene engozini ebulalayo uma ushayela udakiwe.

Amanye amakhemikhali atholakala kuma-inhalants anamathela emzimbeni isikhathi eside. Zinamathisela kalula kuma-molecule amafutha futhi zingagcinwa ezicutshini ezinamafutha. Ubuthi obuningi bungalimaza izitho ezibalulekile, kufaka phakathi isibindi nobuchopho bakho. I-buildup nayo ingadala ukuncika ngokomzimba (umlutha). Ukuhlukunyezwa njalo noma kwesikhathi eside nakho kungaholela ku:

• ukuncipha komzimba
• ukuphelelwa amandla noma ukuxhumanisa
• ukucasuka
• ukudana
• i-psychosis
• ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo, okungajwayelekile
• ukulimala kwamaphaphu
• ukulimala kwemizwa
• ukulimala kwengqondo
• ukufa

Ukuthola Usizo

Ukusetshenziswa kwe-inhalant phakathi kwentsha kuye kwehla ngokuqinile kule minyaka engamashumi amabili edlule. I-National Institute on Drug Abuse ithole ukuthi cishe amaphesenti ama-5 abafundi bebanga lesishiyagalombili babika ukuthi basebenzise i-inhalants ngo-2014. Lesi sibalo sehle sisuka kumaphesenti ayi-8 ngo-2009, futhi cishe amaphesenti ayi-13 ngo-1995 lapho ukuhlukunyezwa okuhogelwayo kwase kuphezulu kakhulu.

Shayela Indawo Yokulashwa Kokuhlukunyezwa Kwezidakamizwa evela ku-National Institute on Drug Abuse ku-1-800-662-USIZO uma udinga ulwazi noma iseluleko mayelana nokwelashwa, noma uma ungumlutha futhi ufuna ukuyeka manje. Ungavakashela naku www.findtreatment.samhsa.gov.

Ukwelashwa ngomlutha kuyatholakala kuwe noma kumuntu omthandayo. Abasebenzi abaqeqeshwe ngokwelashwa esikhungweni se-inpatient rehab bangasiza ngokulutha. Bangakwazi futhi ukubhekana nanoma yiziphi izingqinamba eziyimbangela okungenzeka ukuthi ziholele ekubeni umlutha.

Uyini Umbono Wobuthi Besiqandisi?

Ukubuyiselwa esimweni kuncike ekutheni uluthola ngokushesha kangakanani usizo lwezokwelapha. Amakhemikhali esiqandisi ahogelayo angaholela ekulimaleni okukhulu kwengqondo nobuchopho. Imiphumela iyahluka kuye ngomuntu nomuntu. Lo monakalo awubuyiseki emuva nangemva kokuba umuntu eyeke ukusebenzisa kabi izinto ezihogelayo.

Ukufa okungazelelwe kungenzeka ngokuhlukunyezwa kwesiqandisini, noma okokuqala ngqa.

Ukuvimbela Ubuthi Besiqandisi Obuyingozi

Ukuhogela amakhemikhali ukuze uphakame kuvamile e-United States ngoba amakhemikhali anjalo asemthethweni futhi atholakala kalula. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-inhalant phakathi kwentsha kuye kwehla eminyakeni edlule. Kodwa-ke, cishe izingane ezingama-40,000 ezisencane zisebenzisa ama-inhalants nganoma yiluphi usuku, ngokusho kombiko wango-2014.

Ukuvimbela Ukuhlukunyezwa

Ukusiza ukuvimbela ukuhlukunyezwa, beka umkhawulo ekufinyeleleni kulamakhemikhali ngokugcina iziqukathi zingafinyeleleki ezinganeni futhi ufake ukhiye kuzinto ezisetshenziswayo. Kubaluleke kakhulu futhi ukufundisa intsha, abazali, othisha, odokotela, nabanye abahlinzeka ngezinsizakalo ngobungozi nezingozi zezempilo zokusetshenziswa okuhogelwayo. Izinhlelo zemfundo ezenzelwe ezikoleni kanye nasemphakathini zikhombise ukwehla okukhulu ekuhlukunyezweni.

Xhumana nezingane zakho ngezingozi zokusebenzisa izidakamizwa notshwala. Kungasiza ukuba nenqubomgomo "yomnyango ovulekile" walezi zingxoxo. Ungazenzi sengathi izingozi azikho noma ucabange ukuthi ingane yakho ibingenakwenza izidakamizwa. Qiniseka ukuthi uyaphinda uyasho ukuthi ukuxhuma kungaholela ekufeni okokuqala lapho kwenziwa.

Ukuphepha Emsebenzini

Kufanele uqiniseke ukuthi uyaziqonda futhi uzigcine zonke izinqubo zokuphepha uma usebenza neziqandisi noma ezinye izinhlobo zemishini yokupholisa. Iya kukho konke ukuqeqeshwa bese ugqoka izingubo zokuzivikela noma imaski, uma kudingeka, ukunciphisa ukuxhumana namakhemikhali.