Izixazululo Zomzimba

-Delile

• 1. Ama-antihistamine
• 2. Ama-decongestants
• 3. AmaCorticosteroids
• 4. Ama-Bronchodilators
• Imithi yokwaliwa ukudla

Ukusebenzisa umuthi wokungezwani nezinto ezithile kuthuthukisa izimpawu ezinjengokuluma, ukuthimula, ukuvuvukala, ukucasuka kwamehlo noma ukukhwehlela, okuhambisana nokungezwani nezinto ezithile njengezintuli, impova noma ukudla.

Le mithi itholakala kumathebulethi, amaconsi, isifutho, ama-syrups noma amaconsi wamehlo, futhi kufanele isetshenziswe kuphela uma kunconywa udokotela, ngoba ukungezwani komzimba kungadalwa yizinto eziningi okumele zitholwe futhi zivinjelwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunezinhlobonhlobo zemithi eguqulelwe esimweni ngasinye futhi eminye yayo idinga ukuthi kuthathwe incwadi kadokotela ekhemisi.

Uma kuvela izimpawu ezinzima kakhulu, njengokuvuvukala komlomo nolimi, okwenza ukuphefumula kube nzima, kufanele ushayele i-ambulensi noma umyise esibhedlela ngokushesha. Bona ukuthi ungahlukanisa kanjani izimpawu ezinzima kusuka ekushayweni yi-anaphylactic.

Izinhlobo eziyinhloko zamakhambi ezingasetshenziswa ezimeni zokungezwani komzimba yilezi:

1. Ama-antihistamine

Ama-antihistamine yimithi esetshenziswa kakhulu ukwelapha izimpawu zokungezwani komzimba, njengokungezwa ngamakhala, isikhumba noma iso, i-rhinitis yokungezwani komzimba noma isifuba, futhi ingasetshenziswa ngokwenziwa okuhlukahlukene, njengamaphilisi nama-syrups, afana ne-loratadine, desloratadine, cetirizine, hydroxyzine noma i-fexofenadine, isibonelo, esebenza ezingeni le-systemic. Le mithi ivimbela isenzo se-histamine, into ethintekayo ekuphenduleni komzimba komzimba.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, lesi sigaba semithi siyatholakala nasemaconsi wamehlo, ukwelapha ukungezwani komzimba, njenge-azelastine noma i-ketotifen, ngokwesibonelo, noma ngamaconsi okufafaza noma amakhala asebenza ngqo ekhaleni futhi angaqukatha i-dimethindene maleate noma i-azelastine, Isibonelo, futhi lokho kungasetshenziswa kuphela noma kuhlanganiswe ne-antihistamine yomlomo.

Kukhona futhi okhilimu namafutha okugcoba nama-antihistamine ekwakhiweni, okungaqukatha i-promethazine noma i-dimethindene ekwakhiweni, ngokwesibonelo, okungasetshenziswa ezimeni zesikhumba futhi kuhlotshaniswe namanye ama-antihistamine omlomo.

2. Ama-decongestants

Ama-decongestants asetshenziswa kakhulu njengomphelelisi kuma-antihistamine ezimpawu zokuminyana nokukhipha emakhaleni, ngoba aqeda izicubu ezivuthayo, aqede ukuminyana kwempumulo, ububomvu kanye namafinyila. Amakhambi asetshenziswa kakhulu yi-pseudoephedrine, phenylephrine noma i-oxymetazoline, isibonelo.

3. AmaCorticosteroids

I-Corticosteroids isebenza ngokunciphisa ukuvuvukala okuhambisana nokungezwani komzimba, kepha ijwayele ukusetshenziswa ezimweni ezinzima kakhulu. Le mithi iyatholakala nakumathebulethi, ama-syrups, amathonsi omlomo, okhilimu, amafutha okugcoba, amaconsi wamehlo, izixazululo zamakhala noma amadivayisi okuhogela futhi kufanele asetshenziswe ngokucophelela okukhulu ngoba anemiphumela emibi eminingi.

Izibonelo ze-systemic corticosteroids ezisetshenziswa ezimeni zokungezwani komzimba yi-prednisolone, betamethasone noma i-deflazacorte, isibonelo. I-Beclomethasone, i-mometasone, i-budesonide ne-fluticasone ngokuvamile isetshenziswa njengesifutho samakhala noma kusetshenziswa amathuluzi okuhogela ngomlomo kanti i-dexamethasone noma i-fluocinolone akhona kumaconsi amaningi wamehlo, asetshenziselwa ukuvuvukala, ukucasuka nokubomvu esweni.

Amafutha asetshenziswayo kakhulu nama-cream ngokuvamile ane-hydrocortisone noma i-betamethasone ekwakhiweni kwawo futhi asetshenziswa kakhulu ekungezwani komzimba nesikhumba, futhi kufanele asetshenziswe ungqimba oluncane, isikhathi esifushane kakhulu.

4. Ama-Bronchodilators

Kwezinye izimo kungadingeka ukusebenzisa i-bronchodilators, efana ne-salbutamol, i-budesonide noma i-ipratropium bromide, ngokwesibonelo, eyenza ukungena komoya emaphashini, kukhonjiswe ekwelapheni imishanguzo yokuphefumula efana ne-asthma.

La makhambi atholakala ngesifutho noma nge-powder yokuhogela kodwa angathengwa kuphela ngodokotela.

Eminye imishanguzo yokungezwani komzimba nezidakamizwa yi-mast cell stabilizing drugs, njenge-sodium chromoline, evimbela lawa maseli ekukhipheni i-histamine, okudala ukungezwani komzimba.

Abaphikisi beLeukotriene, njengeZafirlukast, nabo bakhonjisiwe ukwelapha ukungezwani komzimba.

Imithi yokwaliwa ukudla

Umuthi wokungezwani komzimba nokudla uhlose ukwenza ngcono izimpawu ezifana nesicanucanu, isifo sohudo, ukucasuka nokuvuvukala komlomo, kwamehlo noma kolimi. Ukukhethwa kwekhambi kuncike ekutheni ukusabela okweqile kunciphise, kuhambisane noma kunzima, njengoba kunengozi yokungena ekushayweni kwe-anaphylactic, isimo esibucayi esingase siholele ekufeni kwezinye izimo. Qonda ukuthi ukwelashwa kokungezwani kokudla kwenziwa kanjani.