I-Retinitis pigmentosa: Kuyini, Izimpawu kanye nokwelashwa

-Delile

• Ungayibona kanjani
• Ungaqinisekisa kanjani
• Izimbangela eziyinhloko
• Ezinye izinhlobo ze-retinitis
• Yelashwa kanjani

I-Retinitis, ebizwa nangokuthi i-retinosis, ifaka phakathi iqoqo lezifo ezithinta i-retina, isifunda esibalulekile ngemuva kweso eliqukethe amaseli anomthwalo wokuthwebula izithombe. Kubanga izimpawu ezifana nokulahleka kancane kombono kanye nekhono lokuhlukanisa imibala, futhi kungaholela nasekungaboni.

Imbangela enkulu i-retinitis pigmentosa, isifo esincipha esibangela ukulahleka kombono kancane kancane, isikhathi esiningi, esidalwa yisifo sofuzo nesofuzo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezinye izimbangela ze-retinitis zingafaka izifo, njenge-cytomegalovirus, i-herpes, isimungumungwane, ugcunsula noma isikhunta, ukuhlukumezeka kwamehlo nesenzo esinobuthi semithi ethile, njenge-chloroquine noma i-chlorpromazine, ngokwesibonelo.

Yize lungekho ikhambi, kungenzeka ukwelapha lesi sifo, esincike embangela yaso kanye nobukhulu bokulimala, futhi kungabandakanya ukuvikelwa emisebeni yelanga kanye nokwengeza i-vitamin A ne-omega 3.

Ungayibona kanjani

I-pigmentary retinitis ithinta ukusebenza kwamaseli we-photoreceptor, abizwa ngama-cones kanye nezinduku, ezithwebula izithombe ngombala nangezindawo ezimnyama.

Kungathinta i-1 noma womabili amehlo, futhi izimpawu eziyinhloko ezingavela yilezi:

• Ukubona okufiphele;
• Amandla okubuka anciphile noma ashintshiwe, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezingakhanyisi kahle;
• Ubumpumputhe basebusuku;
• Ukulahleka kombono womngcele noma ukuguqulwa kwenkambu ebonakalayo;

Ukulahleka kombono kungancipha kancane kancane, ngezinga elihluka ngokuya kwembangela yakho, futhi kungaholela ekungaboni emehlweni esweni elithintekile, elibizwa nangokuthi amaurosis. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-retinitis ingenzeka nganoma yisiphi isikhathi, kusukela ekuzalweni kuya ebudaleni, okuhluka ngokuya ngesizathu sayo.

Ungaqinisekisa kanjani

Isivivinyo esithola i-retinitis yileso sangemuva kweso, esenziwa ngudokotela wezifo zamehlo, othola ezinye izingulube ezimnyama emehlweni, esime njengesicabucabu, esaziwa ngokuthi ama-spicule.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, okunye ukuhlolwa okungasiza ekuxilongweni kuvivinywa kokubona, imibala kanye nensimu yokubuka, ukuhlolwa kwamehlo kwe-tomography, i-electroretinography kanye ne-retinography, isibonelo.

Izimbangela eziyinhloko

I-pigmentary retinitis ibangelwa ikakhulu yizifo ezizuzwe njengefa, ezidluliselwa zisuka kubazali ziye ezinganeni, futhi leli lifa lofuzo lingavela ngezindlela ezi-3:

• I-Autosomal ephezulu: lapho kungumzali oyedwa kuphela okufanele adlulise ukuze ingane ithinteke;
• I-Autosomal ngokweqile: lapho kudingeka khona ukuthi bobabili abazali badlulise ufuzo ukuze ingane ithinteke;
• Kuxhunywe ku-X chromosome: idluliselwa yizakhi zofuzo zomama, abesifazane bephethe isakhi sofuzo esithintekile, kepha bedlulisa lesi sifo, ikakhulu, ezinganeni zesilisa.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, lesi sifo singaholela ku-syndrome, okuthi ngaphezu kokuthinta iso, ingabeka engozini ezinye izitho nemisebenzi yomzimba, njenge-Usher syndrome.

Ezinye izinhlobo ze-retinitis

I-Retinitis nayo ingabangelwa uhlobo oluthile lokuvuvukala ku-retina, njengokungenwa yizifo, ukusetshenziswa kwemithi nokushaywa kwamehlo. Njengoba ukukhubazeka kombono kulezi zimo kuzinzile futhi kuyalawuleka ngokwelashwa, lesi simo sibizwa nangokuthi i-pigmentary pseudo-retinitis.

Ezinye zezimbangela eziyinhloko yilezi:

• Ukutheleleka ngegciwane leCytomegalovirus, noma i-CMV, ethelela amehlo abantu abanokukhubazeka okuthile kokuzivikela, njengeziguli ze-AIDS, kanti ukwelashwa kwabo kwenziwa ngemithi elwa namagciwane, njengeGanciclovir noma iFoscarnet, ngokwesibonelo;
• Ezinye izifo ngamagciwane, njengasezinhlotsheni ezinzima ze-herpes, isimungumungwane, i-rubella kanye nochoko, amagciwane afana I-Treponema pallidum, okudala ugcunsula, izimuncagazi ezifana I-Toxoplasma gondii, okubangela i-toxoplasmosis nesikhunta, njenge-Candida.
• Ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa ezinobuthi, njenge-Chloroquine, i-Chlorpromazine, i-Tamoxifen, i-Thioridazine ne-Indomethacin, ngokwesibonelo, okuyizindlela zokwelapha ezidala isidingo sokuqashwa kwamehlo ngenkathi zisetshenziswa;
• Amagalelo emehlweni, ngenxa yokuhlukumezeka noma ingozi, engaphazamisa ukusebenza kwe-retina.

Lezi zinhlobo ze-retinitis ngokuvamile zithinta iso elilodwa kuphela.

Yelashwa kanjani

I-Retinitis ayinawo umuthi wokwelapha, kepha kukhona okunye ukwelashwa, okuholwa ngudokotela wezifo zamehlo, okungasiza ukulawula nokuvimbela ukuqhubeka kwesifo, njengokungezelela i-vitamin A, i-beta-carotene ne-omega-3.

Kubalulekile futhi ukuthi uvikeleke ekuchayekeni ekukhanyeni kwama-wavelengths amafushane, kusetshenziswa izibuko ezine-UV-A protection kanye ne-B blocker, ukuvimbela ukushesha kwalesi sifo.

Uma kwenzeka izimbangela ezithathelwanayo kuphela, kungenzeka ukusebenzisa izidakamizwa ezinjengama-antibiotic kanye nama-antivirals, ukwelapha ukutheleleka nokunciphisa ukulimala kwe-retina.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, esimweni lapho ukulahleka kombono sekuvele khona, udokotela wezifo zamehlo angalulekelela izinsiza ezifana nokukhulisa izibuko namathuluzi ekhompyutha, angasiza ekuthuthukiseni izinga lempilo yalaba bantu.