Rh Ukungahambelani

-Delile

• Kuyini ukungahambelani kweRh?
• I-Rh factor ikuthinta kanjani ukukhulelwa?
• Ziyini izimpawu zokungahambisani kwe-Rh?
• Ngubani osengozini yokungahambelani kwe-Rh?
• Kutholakala kanjani ukungahambelani kwe-Rh?
• Kuphathwa kanjani ukungahambisani kwe-Rh?
• Ingabe zikhona izinkinga?
• Ingabe ukungavumelani kweRh kungavinjelwa?

Kuyini ukungahambelani kweRh?

Lapho owesifazane nengane yakhe engakazalwa bephethe amaprotheni ahlukile e-Rhesus (Rh), isimo sabo sibizwa ngokuthi ukungahambelani kwe-Rh. Kwenzeka lapho owesifazane ene-Rh futhi ingane yakhe ine-Rh. I-Rh factor yiprotheni ethile etholakala ebusweni bamaseli akho abomvu egazi.

Njengohlobo lwegazi lakho, uzuza njengefa le-Rh factor yakho kubazali bakho. Iningi labantu line-Rh, kepha amaphesenti amancane abantu ane-Rh. Lokhu kusho ukuthi abanayo i-Rh protein.

I-Rh factor ikuthinta kanjani ukukhulelwa?

Uphawu oluqondile noma olubi ngemuva kohlobo lwegazi lakho lukhombisa i-Rh factor yakho. Isibonelo, “uhlobo lwegazi: AB +” lungabhalwa kwirekhodi lakho lezokwelapha.

I-Rh factor yakho ayithinti ngqo impilo yakho. Kodwa-ke, i-Rh factor iba ebalulekile ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Uma owesifazane engenayo i-Rh futhi ingane yakhe ine-Rh, khona-ke umzimba wowesifazane uzosondela kumaprotheni ane-Rh njengento yangaphandle, uma amasosha akhe omzimba evezwa kuwo.

Lokhu kusho ukuthi uma amangqamuzana egazi asuka enganeni yakho ewela igazi lakho, elingenzeka ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, sokubeletha, nalapho ubeletha, amasosha akho omzimba azokwakha amasosha omzimba alwa namaseli abomvu engane yakho.

Ama-antibody ayingxenye yomzimba wakho womzimba. Bacekela phansi izinto zangaphandle.

Uma unohlobo lwegazi olungelona olwe-Rh, uthathwa ngokuthi “uzwisiwe” ezinhlotsheni eziqondile zegazi uma umzimba wakho usuwenzile la magciwane.

Lokhu kusho ukuthi umzimba wakho ungathumela la ma-antibody kuwo wonke ama-placenta ukuze ahlasele amangqamuzana egazi abomvu engane yakho. I-placenta yakho isitho esixhumanisa wena nengane yakho.

Ziyini izimpawu zokungahambisani kwe-Rh?

Izimpawu zokungahambisani ne-Rh enganeni yakho engakazalwa zingahle ziqale kusukela kumnene ziye ekusongeleni impilo. Lapho amasosha omzimba wakho ehlasela amangqamuzana egazi abomvu engane yakho, isifo se-hemolytic singenzeka. Lokhu kusho ukuthi amaseli egazi abomvu engane yakho abhujisiwe.

Lapho amaseli egazi abomvu egazi engane yakho ebhujiswa, i-bilirubin izokwakha egazini layo.

I-Bilirubin yikhemikhali elenziwe kusukela ekuwohlokeni kwamaseli abomvu egazi. I-bilirubin eningi kakhulu iwuphawu lokuthi isibindi, esibhekele ukucubungula amangqamuzana egazi amadala, sinenkinga.

Ingane yakho ingaba nesinye noma eziningi zalezi zimpawu ezilandelayo uma amazinga e-bilirubin ephezulu ngemuva kokuzalwa:

• i-jaundice, ukuphuzi kwesikhumba nabamhlophe bamehlo
• ukukhathala
• ithoni yemisipha ephansi

Lezi zimpawu zizoncipha ngemuva kokuqeda ukwelashwa kokungahambelani kwe-Rh.

Ngubani osengozini yokungahambelani kwe-Rh?

Noma yimuphi umuntu wesifazane ongenayo i-Rh futhi onengane nomuntu one-Rh noma onesimo se-Rh esingaziwa usengozini yokungahambisani ne-Rh. Kodwa-ke, uma unikezwe iphesenti eliphansi labantu abanezinhlobo zegazi ezingezinhle ze-rH, lokhu akwenzeki kaningi.

Ngokuya ngeStanford Blood Center, iphesenti lezinhlobo zegazi lehla cishe ngokulandelayo:

Kuthatha isikhathi ukuthi umzimba wakhe ama-antibody, ngakho-ke izingane zamazibulo ngokuvamile azithinteki. Kodwa-ke, uma umama ekhuthazeka ngenxa yokuphuphuma kwesisu noma ukukhipha isisu, ukuzalwa kwakhe kokuqala okuphilayo kungathinteka ukungahambelani kwe-Rh.

Umama angachayeka egazini eline-Rh phakathi nokuhlolwa noma izinqubo ezithile zokubeletha. Isibonelo esisodwa i-amniocentesis. Kulesi sivivinyo, udokotela wakho usebenzisa inaliti ukususa okunye uketshezi kusuka esikhwameni esizungeze ingane yakho. Lolu ketshezi lungahlolwa izinkinga embungwini osakhulayo.

Kutholakala kanjani ukungahambelani kwe-Rh?

Ukuhlolwa kwegazi ukuthola isimo sakho se-Rh kungenzeka kwenziwe ekuvakasheni kwakho kokuqala kokubeletha nodokotela wakho.

Uma ungenayo i-Rh, umlingani wakho naye angahlolwa. Uma umlingani wakho futhi ene-Rh-negative, awunalutho ongakhathazeka ngalo. Uma umlingani wakho ene-Rh futhi une-Rh, udokotela wakho uzobheka lezi zimpawu ezilandelayo zokungahambisani kwe-Rh.

Ukuhlolwa kwe-Coombs okuqondile okungaqondile kuyisibonakaliso sokungahambelani kwe-Rh. Lokhu kuhlolwa kusebenzisa isampula yegazi ukubheka ubukhona bamasosha omzimba abulala amaseli ngaphakathi kwe-plasma yegazi lakho.

Izinga eliphakeme kunokujwayelekile le-bilirubin egazini lengane yakho kuwuphawu lokungahambisani kwe-Rh. Enganeni yesikhathi esigcwele engaphansi kwamahora angama-24 ubudala, amazinga e-bilirubin kufanele abe ngaphansi kwama-milligram ayi-6.0 nge-desilitha ngalinye.

Izimpawu zokubhujiswa kwamangqamuzana egazi abomvu egazini lengane yakho zingabonisa ukungahambelani kwe-Rh. Lokhu kunganqunywa ukwakheka nokwakheka kwamaseli abomvu egazi lapho ehlolwa ngaphansi kwesibonakhulu.

Udokotela wakho angahlola igazi lengane yakho ukuba khona kwama-antibody omama aphula amangqamuzana abomvu egazi.

Kuphathwa kanjani ukungahambisani kwe-Rh?

Ukwelashwa kugxile ekuvikeleni imiphumela yokungahambelani. Ezimweni ezimnene, ingane ingelashwa ngemuva kokuzalwa nge:

• uchungechunge lokumpontshelwa igazi
• uketshezi lokuhambisa amanzi
• ama-electrolyte, okuyizinto ezilawula imetabolism
• i-phototherapy

I-Phototherapy ifaka ukugcina ingane yakho eduze kwamalambu we-fluorescent ukusiza ukunciphisa i-bilirubin egazini layo.

Lezi zinqubo zingaphindaphindwa kuze kukhishwe ama-antibodies e-Rh-negative kanye ne-bilirubin eyeqile egazini lengane yakho. Ukuthi kufanele iphindwe yini kuncike ebukhulwini besimo sengane yakho.

Uma ukhulelwe futhi udokotela wakho enquma ukuthi usuvele wakha amasosha omzimba alwa nengane yakho, ukukhulelwa kwakho kuzobhekwa eduze.

Ungavimbela imiphumela yokungahambelani kwe-Rh ngokuthola umjovo we-Rh immune globulins (RhIg) phakathi ne-trimester yakho yokuqala, ngesikhathi sokuphuphuma kwesisu, noma ngenkathi uphuma igazi ngesikhathi ukhulelwe.

Lo mkhiqizo wegazi uqukethe amasosha omzimba we-Rh factor. Uma ingane yakho inegazi eline-Rh, kufanele uthole umjovo wesibili ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ngemuva kokubeletha.

Ezimweni ezingavamile kakhulu nezibi, uchungechunge lokumpontshelwa igazi okukhethekile kungenziwa ngenkathi ingane yakho isesibelethweni sakho noma ngemuva kokubeletha.

Kodwa-ke, ukuphumelela kwama-RhIg shots kwenze ukuthi le ndlela yokwelashwa idingeke kuphela ngaphansi kwamaphesenti ama-1 amacala wokungahambisani kwe-Rh e-United States.

Umbono ojwayelekile muhle ezimweni ezimnene zokungahambelani kweRh.

Ingabe zikhona izinkinga?

Amacala abucayi, lapho imiphumela yokungahambelani kwe-Rh ingavinjelwe, kungaholela ezinkingeni ezinzima. Lezi zinkinga zingabandakanya:

• ukulimala kobuchopho enganeni, okwaziwa ngokuthi i-kernicterus
• ukwanda koketshezi noma ukuvuvukala enganeni
• inkinga yokusebenza kwengqondo, ukunyakaza, ukuzwa nokukhuluma
• isithuthwane
• i-anemia
• ukuhluleka kwenhliziyo

Ukufa kwengane nakho kungenzeka. Ukungahambelani kweRh akuvamile ukuba yinkinga emazweni anokunakekelwa okuhle kwezokwelapha, noma kunjalo.

Ingabe ukungavumelani kweRh kungavinjelwa?

Lesi simo siyanqandeka. Uma ucabanga ukuthi kungenzeka ukhulelwe futhi unohlobo lwegazi olungena-Rh, kufanele ukhulume nodokotela wakho ukuthola uhlelo oluhle kakhulu.

Uma ubaba wengane yakho ene-Rh noma uhlobo lwegazi lakhe lungaziwa, ukuthola ukwelashwa kokuvikela ngama-immune globulin kuzovimbela imiphumela emibi.