Izinhlobo zeSchizophrenia

-Delile

• Isimo samanje se-DSM-5
• Izinhlobo ezincane ze-schizophrenia
• I-paranoid schizophrenia
• I-Hebephrenic / i-schizophrenia engahlelekile
• I-schizophrenia engafani
• I-schizophrenia eseleyo
• I-Catatonic schizophrenia
• I-schizophrenia yobuntwana
• Izimo ezihlobene ne-schizophrenia
• Isifo seSchizoaffective
• Ezinye izimo ezihlobene
• Ukuthatha

Yini i-schizophrenia?

ISchizophrenia yisifo esingelapheki sengqondo esichaphazela:

• imizwelo
• ikhono lokucabanga okunengqondo nangokucacile
• ikhono lokuxhumana nokuxhumana nabanye

Ngokusho kweNational Alliance on Mental Illness (NAMI), i-schizophrenia ithinta cishe iphesenti elilodwa labantu baseMelika. Ngokuvamile kutholakala ebusheni sekwephuzile noma ekuqaleni kweminyaka engama-20 kwabesilisa, nasekupheleni kweminyaka engama-20 noma ekuqaleni kweminyaka engama-30 kwabesifazane.

Iziqephu zokugula zingafika zidlule, zifana nokugula kuthethelelo. Uma kunesikhathi "sokusebenza", umuntu angahlangabezana:

• ukusangana
• ukukhohlisa
• unenkinga yokucabanga nokugxila
• ukuthinta okuyisicaba

Isimo samanje se-DSM-5

Ukuphazamiseka okuningana kube nezinguquko zokuxilonga ezenziwe ku- "Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, i-5th Edition," kufaka phakathi i-schizophrenia. Esikhathini esedlule, umuntu bekufanele abe nesinye sezimpawu zokutholakala. Manje, umuntu kufanele okungenani abe nezimpawu ezimbili.

I-DSM-5 futhi ilahle ama-subtypes njengezigaba ezihlukile zokuxilonga, ngokuya ngesimpawu esivezayo. Lokhu kutholakale kungasizi ngalutho, ngoba ama-subtypes amaningi agqagqene futhi kucatshangwa ukuthi anciphisa ubuqiniso bokuxilongwa, ngokusho kwe-American Psychiatric Association.

Esikhundleni salokho, lawa ma-subtypes manje asecacisa ukuxilongwa okwedlulele, ukuhlinzeka ngemininingwane eminingi kudokotela.

Izinhlobo ezincane ze-schizophrenia

Yize ama-subtypes engasekho njengezifo ezihlukile zomtholampilo, angaba lusizo njengezicacisi nasekuhleleni ukwelashwa. Kunezinhlobo ezingaphansi ezinhlanu zakudala:

• ukuphambana
• hebephrenic
• akunandaba
• okusele
• catatonic

I-paranoid schizophrenia

I-Paranoid schizophrenia yayijwayele ukuba yindlela ejwayelekile kakhulu ye-schizophrenia. Ngo-2013, i-American Psychiatric Association yanquma ukuthi i-paranoia kwakuyizimpawu ezinhle zalesi sifo, ngakho-ke i-paranoid schizophrenia yayingeyona isimo esihlukile. Ngakho-ke, ngaleso sikhathi kwavele kwaguqulwa kwaba yi-schizophrenia.

Incazelo ye-subtype isasetshenziswa nokho, ngenxa yokuthi ijwayelekile kangakanani. Izimpawu zifaka:

• ukukhohlisa
• ukusangana
• inkulumo engahlelekile (igama isaladi, i-echolalia)
• unenkinga yokugxila
• ukukhubazeka kokuziphatha (ukulawula umfutho, ukusebenza ngokomzwelo)
• ukuthinta flat

Isaladi yamagama wuphawu lokukhuluma lapho amagama angahleliwe ahlanganiswa ndawonye ngokuhleleka okunengqondo.

I-Hebephrenic / i-schizophrenia engahlelekile

I-Hebephrenic noma i-schizophrenia engahlelekile isaziwa yi-International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD-10), yize isusiwe kwi-DSM-5.

Kulokhu kuhlukahluka kwe-schizophrenia, umuntu akanakho ukubona izinto ezingekho noma ukukhohlisa. Esikhundleni salokho, bahlangabezana nokuziphatha nenkulumo engahlelekile. Lokhu kungafaka:

• ukuthinta flat
• ukuphazamiseka kwenkulumo
• ukucabanga okungahlelekile
• imizwelo engafanele noma ukusabela kobuso
• inkathazo ngemisebenzi yansuku zonke

I-schizophrenia engafani

I-schizophrenia engahlukanisiwe kwakuyigama elisetshenziselwa ukuchaza lapho umuntu ekhombisa isimilo esasisebenza ezinhlotsheni ezingaphezu kwesisodwa se-schizophrenia. Isibonelo, umuntu obenendlela yokuziphatha kwe-catatonic kepha futhi enakho ukukhohlisa noma ukusangana, enegama lesaladi, kungenzeka atholakale ene-schizophrenia engafani.

Ngenqubo entsha yokuxilonga, lokhu kumane kukhombise udokotela ukuthi kunezimpawu ezahlukahlukene zezimpawu.

I-schizophrenia eseleyo

Le "subtype" iyinkohliso kancane. Isetshenzisiwe lapho umuntu enesifo sangaphambilini se-schizophrenia kodwa engasenazo izimpawu ezivelele zalesi sifo. Izimpawu ngokuvamile ziye zancipha ngamandla.

I-resizual schizophrenia imvamisa ifaka ezinye izimpawu "ezingezinhle", njenge:

• isicaba esithintekile
• ubunzima be-psychomotor
• inkulumo eyehlisiwe
• inhlanzeko engeyinhle

Abantu abaningi abane-schizophrenia badlula ezikhathini lapho izimpawu zabo zixhuma khona futhi zincipha futhi ziyehluka ngobuningi nangokuqina. Ngakho-ke, leli gama alisavamile ukusetshenziswa.

I-Catatonic schizophrenia

Yize i-catatonic schizophrenia yayiyi-subtype kuhlelo lwangaphambilini lwe-DSM, kwaphikiswa phambilini ukuthi i-catatonia kufanele ibe yinto ethile yokucacisa. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi kwenzeka ezimeni ezahlukahlukene zengqondo nezimo ezijwayelekile zezokwelapha.

Imvamisa iziveza njengenganyakazi, kepha futhi ingabonakala ngathi:

• ukulingisa indlela yokuziphatha
• ukuthukuthela
• isimo esifana nesiphukuphuku

I-schizophrenia yobuntwana

I-schizophrenia yobuntwana akuyona i-subtype, kepha isetshenziselwa ukubhekisa esikhathini sokuxilongwa. Ukuxilongwa ezinganeni akuvamile.

Uma kwenzeka, kungaba nzima. I-schizophrenia esanda kuqala iba khona phakathi kweminyaka yobudala eyi-13 neyi-18. Ukuxilongwa okungaphansi kweminyaka engu-13 kubhekwa njengokuqala kakhulu, futhi akuvamile neze.

Izimpawu ezinganeni ezisencane kakhulu ziyefana nezinkinga zokukhula, njenge-autism kanye ne-attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Lezi zimpawu zingafaka:

• ukubambezeleka kolimi
• ukukhasa emuva kwesikhathi noma okungavamile noma ukuhamba ngezinyawo
• ukunyakaza kwezimoto okungavamile

Kubalulekile ukukhipha izingqinamba zentuthuko lapho ucubungula ukuxilongwa kwe-schizophrenia okuqala kakhulu.

Izimpawu ezinganeni ezindala nentsha zifaka:

• ukuhoxa komphakathi
• ukuphazamiseka kokulala
• ukusebenza kahle esikoleni
• ukucasuka
• isimilo esiyinqaba
• ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa

Abantu abancane mancane amathuba okuthi babe nokukhohlisa, kodwa maningi amathuba okuthi babe nemibono. Njengoba intsha ikhula, izimpawu ezijwayelekile zeschizophrenia njengalezo kubantu abadala zivame ukuvela.

Kubalulekile ukuba nochwepheshe onolwazi enze ukuxilongwa kwe-schizophrenia yobuntwana, ngoba akuvamile. Kubalulekile ukukhipha noma yimuphi omunye umbandela, kufaka phakathi ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa noma inkinga yezokwelapha engokwemvelo.

Ukwelashwa kufanele kuqondiswe udokotela wezifo zengqondo yengane onolwazi ngesifo sengqondo sokukhula kwengqondo. Imvamisa kufaka inhlanganisela yokwelashwa okufana nalokhu:

• imithi
• izindlela zokwelapha
• ukuqeqeshwa kwamakhono
• ukulaliswa esibhedlela, uma kunesidingo

Izimo ezihlobene ne-schizophrenia

Isifo seSchizoaffective

Isifo seSchizoaffective yisimo esihlukile futhi esihlukile kusuka kuschizophrenia, kepha kwesinye isikhathi siyangena kuso. Lesi sifo sinezici zombili zeschizophrenia kanye nokuphazamiseka kwemizwelo.

I-Psychosis - ebandakanya ukulahleka kokuxhumana neqiniso - imvamisa iyinto. Ukuphazamiseka kwemizwelo kungabandakanya i-mania noma ukucindezeleka.

Isifo seSchizoaffective siphinde sihlukaniswe sibe ama-subtypes ngokuya ngokuthi ngabe umuntu uneziqephu zokudangala kuphela, noma nokuthi unazo yini iziqephu zesibindi noma ngaphandle kokucindezeleka. Izimpawu zingafaka:

• imicabango ephambene
• ukukhohlisa noma ukusangana
• unenkinga yokugxila
• ukudana
• i-hyperactivity noma i-mania
• inhlanzeko yomuntu siqu engeyinhle
• ukuphazamiseka kwesifiso sokudla
• ukuphazamiseka kokulala
• ukuhoxa komphakathi
• ukucabanga noma isimilo esingahlelekile

Ukuxilongwa kwenziwa ngokuhlolwa okuphelele ngokomzimba, ukuxoxisana, kanye nokuhlolwa kwengqondo. Kubalulekile ukukhipha noma yiziphi izimo zezokwelapha noma ezinye izifo zengqondo ezifana ne-bipolar disorder. Ukwelashwa kufaka:

• imithi
• ukwelashwa kweqembu noma komuntu ngamunye
• ukuqeqeshwa okusebenzayo kwamakhono empilo

Ezinye izimo ezihlobene

Ezinye izimo ezihlobene ne-schizophrenia zifaka:

• ukuphazamiseka kokukhohlisa
• ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo okuncane
• Isifo se-schizophreniform

Ungathola futhi i-psychosis ngezimo eziningi zezempilo.

Ukuthatha

ISchizophrenia yisimo esiyinkimbinkimbi. Akuwona wonke umuntu otholwe enayo ozoba nezimpawu ezifanayo noma isethulo.

Yize ama-subtypes engasatholakali, asasetshenziswa njengezicacisi zokusiza ekuhleleni ukwelashwa kwemitholampilo. Ukuqonda imininingwane ngama-subtypes kanye ne-schizophrenia ngokuvamile nakho kungakusiza ekuphatheni isimo sakho.

Ngokuxilongwa okunembile, uhlelo lokwelashwa olukhethekile lungakhiwa futhi lusetshenziswe yithimba lakho lokunakekelwa kwezempilo.