I-Septicemia

-Delile

• Yini ebangela i-septicemia?
• Ziyini izimpawu ze-septicemia?
• Izinkinga ze-septicemia
• I-Sepsis
• Ukushaqeka kwe-Septic
• Isifo sokuphefumula esibucayi (i-ARDS)
• Ithola kanjani i-septicemia?
• Ukwelashwa kwe-septicemia
• Ingabe ikhona indlela yokuvimbela i-septicemia?
• Uyini umbono?

Yini i-septicemia?

I-Septicemia igciwane lesandulela ngculaza elibi kakhulu. Kuyaziwa nangokuthi ubuthi begazi.

I-Septicemia yenzeka lapho ukutheleleka kwebhaktheriya kwenye indawo emzimbeni, njengamaphaphu noma isikhumba, kungena egazini. Lokhu kuyingozi ngoba amabhaktheriya nobuthi bawo bungathwalwa ngokuhamba kwegazi kuya emzimbeni wakho wonke.

I-Septicemia ingasheshe isongele impilo. Kumele welashwe esibhedlela. Uma ishiywe ingalashwa, i-septicemia ingaqhubekela ku-sepsis.

I-Septicemia ne-sepsis akufani. I-Sepsis inkinga enkulu ye-septicemia. I-Sepsis ibangela ukuvuvukala emzimbeni wonke. Lokhu kuvuvukala kungadala amahlule egazi futhi kuvimbele i-oxygen ekufinyeleleni ezithweni ezibalulekile, okuholela ekuhlulekeni kwesitho.

I-National Institutes of Health ilinganisela ukuthi abantu baseMelika abangaphezu kwesigidi bathola i-sepsis enzima unyaka nonyaka. Phakathi kwamaphesenti angama-28 kuya kwangu-50 alezi ziguli angafa ngenxa yalesi simo.

Lapho ukuvuvukala kwenzeka ngomfutho wegazi ophansi ngokweqile, kubizwa ngokuthi yi-septic shock. Ukushaqeka kwe-Septic kuyabulala ezimweni eziningi.

Yini ebangela i-septicemia?

I-Septicemia idalwa ukutheleleka kwenye ingxenye yomzimba wakho. Lokhu kutheleleka kunzima kakhulu. Izinhlobo eziningi zamagciwane zingaholela ku-septicemia. Umthombo oqondile wokutheleleka kaningi awukwazi ukunqunywa. Izifo ezivame kakhulu eziholela ku-septicemia yilezi:

• izifo zomgudu womchamo
• izifo zamaphaphu, njenge-pneumonia
• izifo zezinso
• ukutheleleka endaweni yesisu

Amagciwane avela kulezi zifo angena egazini futhi ande ngokushesha, abangele izimpawu ngokushesha.

Abantu asebevele besesibhedlela ngokunye, njengokuhlinzwa, basengozini enkulu yokuthola i-septicemia. Ukutheleleka kwesibili kungenzeka ngesikhathi usesibhedlela. Lezi zifo zivame ukuba yingozi kakhulu ngoba kungenzeka ukuthi ama-bacterium asevele elwa namagciwane. Usengozini enkulu yokuthola i-septicemia uma:

• babe namanxeba amakhulu noma ukusha
• bancane kakhulu noma badala kakhulu
• Unesimiso sokuzivikela somzimba esibucayi, esingavela ezimeni, njenge-HIV noma i-leukemia, noma kwizindlela zokwelashwa ezifana ne-chemotherapy noma imijovo ye-steroid
• ube nepayipi lokufaka umchamo noma umjovo emithanjeni
• ziphefumula ngomshini

Ziyini izimpawu ze-septicemia?

Izimpawu ze-septicemia zivame ukuqala ngokushesha okukhulu. Ngisho nasezigabeni zokuqala, umuntu angabukeka egula kakhulu. Bangalandela ukulimala, ukuhlinzwa, noma okunye ukutheleleka okwenziwe endaweni, njenge-pneumonia. Izimpawu zokuqala ezivame kakhulu yilezi:

• Ukugodola
• imfiva
• ukuphefumula ngokushesha okukhulu
• ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo

Izimpawu ezinzima kakhulu zizoqala ukuvela njengoba i-septicemia iqhubeka ngaphandle kokwelashwa okufanele.Lokhu kufaka phakathi okulandelayo:

• ukudideka noma ukungakwazi ukucabanga kahle
• isicanucanu nokuhlanza
• amachashazi abomvu avela esikhunjeni
• wehlise ivolumu yomchamo
• ukugeleza kwegazi okunganele
• ukushaqeka

Kubalulekile ukufika esibhedlela ngokushesha uma wena noma omunye umuntu ekhombisa izimpawu ze-septicemia. Akufanele ulinde noma uzame ukuphatha inkinga ekhaya.

Izinkinga ze-septicemia

I-Septicemia inezinkinga eziningi ezinzima. Lezi zinkinga zingabulala uma zishiywa zingalashwa noma uma ukwelashwa kubambezeleka isikhathi eside kakhulu.

I-Sepsis

I-Sepsis yenzeka lapho umzimba wakho unempendulo enamandla yokuzivikela ezifweni. Lokhu kuholela ekuvukeleni okugcwele emzimbeni wonke. Ibizwa ngokuthi i-sepsis enamandla uma iholela ekuhlulekeni kwesitho.

Abantu abanezifo ezingamahlalakhona basengozini enkulu yokuthola isifo sepsis. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi banamasosha omzimba abuthakathaka futhi abakwazi ukulwa nokutheleleka bebodwa.

Ukushaqeka kwe-Septic

Enye inkinga ye-septicemia ukwehla okukhulu kwengcindezi yegazi. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi yi-septic shock. Ubuthi obukhishwa ngamagciwane egazini bungadala ukugeleza kwegazi okuphansi kakhulu, okungaholela ekulimaleni komzimba noma kwezicubu.

Ukushaqeka kwe-Septic yisimo esiphuthumayo sezokwelapha. Abantu abane-septic shock bavame ukunakekelwa egumbini labagula kakhulu esibhedlela. Ungadinga ukufakwa kumshini wokuphefumula, noma emshinini wokuphefumula, uma ukwethuka okubabazekayo.

Isifo sokuphefumula esibucayi (i-ARDS)

Inkinga yesithathu ye-septicemia yisifo sokucindezeleka sokuphefumula (i-ARDS). Lesi yisimo esisongela impilo esivimbela i-oxygen eyanele ukuthi ifinyelele emaphashini nasegazini lakho. Imvamisa kuphumela ezingeni elithile lokulimala unomphela kwamaphaphu. Kungalimaza nengqondo yakho, okuholele ezinkingeni zememori.

Ithola kanjani i-septicemia?

Ukuhlonza i-septicemia ne-sepsis ngezinye zezinselelo ezinkulu ezibhekene nodokotela. Kungaba nzima ukuthola imbangela ngqo yokutheleleka. Ukuxilongwa kuzovame ukufaka ukuhlolwa okuningi.

Udokotela wakho uzohlola izimpawu zakho bese ebuza umlando wakho wezokwelapha. Bazokwenza ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba ukubheka umfutho wegazi ophansi noma ukushisa komzimba. Udokotela futhi angafuna izimpawu zezimo ezivame ukwenzeka kanye ne-septicemia, kufaka phakathi:

• inyumoniya
• meningitis
• i-cellulitis

Udokotela wakho angafuna ukwenza izivivinyo ezinhlotsheni eziningi zoketshezi ukusiza ukuqinisekisa ukutheleleka kwamagciwane. Lokhu kungafaka okulandelayo:

• umchamo
• uketshezi lwesilonda nezilonda zesikhumba
• uketshezi lokuphefumula
• igazi

Udokotela wakho angahlola ukubalwa kweseli lakho neplatelet futhi futhi a-oda ukuhlolwa ukuze ahlaziye ukujiya kwegazi lakho.

Udokotela wakho angabheka namazinga e-oxygen ne-carbon dioxide egazini lakho uma i-septicemia ikwenza ube nezinkinga zokuphefumula.

Uma izimpawu zokutheleleka zingabonakali, udokotela wakho angalalela ukuhlolwa ukuze kubhekwe kakhulu ezithweni ezithile nasezicubu, njenge:

• I-X-ray
• I-MRI
• Iskena se-CT
• i-ultrasound

Ukwelashwa kwe-septicemia

I-Septicemia eqale ukuthinta izitho zakho noma ukusebenza kwezicubu kuyisimo esiphuthumayo sezokwelapha. Kumele welashwe esibhedlela. Abantu abaningi abane-septicemia bayangeniswa ukuze bathole ukwelashwa nokululama.

Ukwelashwa kwakho kuzoya ngezici eziningana, kufaka phakathi:

• iminyaka yakho
• impilo yakho yonke
• ubukhulu besimo sakho
• ukubekezelela kwakho imithi ethile

Ama-antibiotic asetshenziselwa ukwelapha ukutheleleka kwamagciwane okubangela i-septicemia. Asikho isikhathi esanele ngokwanele sokuthola uhlobo lwama-bacteria. Ukwelashwa kokuqala kuzosebenzisa ama-antibiotic "ebanzi". Lezi zenzelwe ukusebenza ngokumelene nezinhlobonhlobo zamagciwane ngasikhathi sinye. I-antibiotic egxile kakhulu ingasetshenziswa uma kutholakala amabhaktheriya athile.

Ungathola uketshezi kanye neminye imithi ngemithambo yegazi ukugcina umfutho wegazi noma ukuvimbela amahlule egazi ekwakhiweni kwawo. Ungase futhi uthole i-oksijeni ngesifihla-buso noma nge-ventilator uma uhlangabezana nezinkinga zokuphefumula ngenxa ye-septicemia.

Ingabe ikhona indlela yokuvimbela i-septicemia?

Ukutheleleka kwamagciwane kuyimbangela eyisisekelo septicemia. Bheka udokotela ngokushesha uma ucabanga ukuthi unalesi simo. Uma ukutheleleka kwakho kungaphathwa ngempumelelo ngama-antibiotic ezigabeni zokuqala, ungakwazi ukuvimbela amagciwane ukuthi angene egazini lakho. Abazali bangasiza ukuvikela izingane kwi-septicemia ngokuqinisekisa ukuthi zihlala zisesikhathini ngemigomo yazo.

Uma usuvele unesistimu yomzimba yokuvikela, izindlela zokuqapha ezilandelayo zingasiza ukuvimbela i-septicemia:

• gwema ukubhema
• gwema izidakamizwa ezingekho emthethweni
• udle ukudla okunempilo
• ukuzivocavoca umzimba
• geza izandla njalo
• hlukana nabantu abagulayo

Uyini umbono?

Lapho itholakala kusenesikhathi, i-septicemia ingelashwa ngempumelelo ngama-antibiotic. Imizamo yocwaningo igxile ekutholeni izindlela ezingcono zokuthola lesi sifo ngaphambi kwesikhathi.

Ngisho nangokwelashwa, kungenzeka ukuthi kube nokulimala kwesitho unomphela. Lokhu kunjalo ikakhulukazi kubantu abanezimo esezikhona ezithinta amasosha abo omzimba.

Kube nokuthuthuka okuningi kwezokwelapha ekuhloleni, ekwelapheni, ekuqapheni nasekuqeqesheni i-septicemia. Lokhu kusizile ukwehlisa amazinga okufa kwabantu. Ngokuya ngocwaningo olushicilelwe kuCritical Care Medicine, izinga lokushona kwabantu esibhedlela kusuka ku-sepsis enamandla lehle lisuka kumaphesenti angama-47 (phakathi kuka-1991 no-1995) laya kumaphesenti angama-29 (phakathi kuka-2006 no-2009).

Uma uthuthukisa izimpawu ze-septicemia noma i-sepsis ngemuva kokuhlinzwa noma ukutheleleka, qiniseka ukuthi ufuna ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha khona manjalo.